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All Journal Media Ilmu Keolahragaan Indonesia Biomedical Journal of Indonesia Majalah Kedokteran Nusantara The Journal Of Medical School Indonesian Journal of Medicine Sumatera Medical Journal Jurnal Keperawatan Priority Journal of Telenursing (JOTING) Indonesian Journal of Global Health research Journal of Endocrinology, Tropical Medicine, and Infectious Disease (JETROMI) The Journal of Society Medicine (JSOCMED) Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia
Santi Syafril, Santi
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Dentistry Education Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Public Health

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Journal : Biomedical Journal of Indonesia

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Inflammatory Markers and Diabetic Foot: Their Role in Type 2 Diabetes Patients at H. Adam Malik Hospital Siregar, Syahrozad Fuadah; Zubir, Zuhrial; Syafril, Santi
Biomedical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): Vol 12, No 1, 2026 (In Press)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32539/bji.v12i1.292

Abstract

Introduction. Diabetic foot is a severe complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus, resulting from chronic hyperglycemia, vascular disorders, neuropathy, and infection. Inflammatory markers such as C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), fibrinogen, and D-dimer reflect inflammation and coagulation that worsen diabetic foot conditions. However, data from the local population in Medan remain limited. Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted at H. Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, from May to June 2025. Participants were hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, both with and without diabetic foot, recruited by consecutive sampling. Inclusion criteria were patients ≥18 years with type 2 diabetes, with or without diabetic foot (grade II–V). Exclusion criteria included chronic diseases (HIV, malignancy, autoimmune), concurrent infections, use of anticoagulants, NSAIDs, steroids, hormones, immunomodulators, pregnancy, or incomplete records. Data on demographics, HbA1c, CRP, ESR, fibrinogen, and D-dimer were analyzed with significance set at p<0.05. Results. A total of 63 patients were included. BMI showed a significant association with diabetic foot (p<0.05), while age, sex, and HbA1c did not. Levels of CRP, ESR, fibrinogen, and D-dimer were significantly higher in patients with diabetic foot than those without (p=0.001). CRP was also significantly associated with ulcer severity based on Wagner classification. Conclusion. CRP, ESR, fibrinogen, and D-dimer were elevated in diabetic foot patients, with CRP as the strongest predictor of ulcer severity. Monitoring these markers is essential for risk assessment and management of diabetic foot in type 2 diabetes.
Association Between Mean Platelet Volume to Lymphocyte Ratio (MPVLR) and Diabetic Nephropathy Incidence in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Maisharah; Siregar, Jelita; Syafril, Santi
Biomedical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): Vol 12, No 1, 2026 (In Press)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32539/bji.v12i1.295

Abstract

Introduction. Diabetic nephropathy is a microvascular complication of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM), with inflammation among its underlying pathogenesis. Inflammation causes fibrosis, increased vascular permeability, and podocytopathy, which lead to albuminuria. Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) measures thrombocyte size, which may mark increased metabolic and enzymatic activity of thrombocytes. An absolute decrease in lymphocytes occurs due to inflammation-induced decrease in apoptosis. MPVLR value can be used to assess low-grade inflammation in diabetic nephropathy in type 2 DM patients. This study aimed to determine the association between MPVLR values and diabetic nephropathy incidence in type 2 DM. Methods. This study was a cross-sectional study on type 2 DM patients at the Endocrinology outpatient clinic of Adam Malik Hospital aged ≥ 18 years. Sixty patients met the inclusion criteria. Complete blood count, creatinine, and albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) were performed to determine the incidence of diabetic nephropathy. Results. There was a significant difference in age between the diabetic nephropathy and non-nephropathy groups. There were significant differences in absolute lymphocyte count, Hb, HbA1c, and renal parameters such as estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) and creatinine between diabetic nephropathy and non-nephropathy groups. MPVLR showed a significant negative correlation with eGFR and Hb (r = -0.325, p = 0.011), showing that MPVLR increased in line with eGFR and Hb decrease. MPVLR was not significantly associated with diabetic nephropathy incidence based on semiquantitative ACR (p = 0.139). Conclusion. MPVLR was not associated with diabetic nephropathy in type 2 DM patients.
Co-Authors Awaluddin Saragih Aznan Lelo Bernando, Andri Dairion Gatot, Dairion dharma Lindarto, dharma ELMAN BOY Ginting, Almaycano Handayani, Savina Harahap, Juliandi Ihsan, Brama Imelda Rey Irawaty, Noni Kembaren, Tambar Lubis, Dian Anindita Maisharah Mardia, Andri Iskandar Merlin, Asri Pangaribuan, Jessica Patricia Prianwari, Catur Rahma, Hadiyatur Rahmad Isnanta, Rahmad Ratna Akbari Ganie, Ratna Akbari Ricke Loesnihari Sanusi, Muhammad Arif Sembiring, Rosita Juwita Sholat, Alfi Dewi Siregar, Dewi Indah Sari Siregar, Jelita Siregar, Syahrozad Fuadah Situmorang, Immanuel Sri Sumartiningsih Sugeng Santoso Tarigan, Amira Permatasari Theresia, Lydia Yetty Machrina Yulindaa, Wina Yusni Yusni Zubir, Zuhrial