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Perlindungan Adat atas Wanprestasi Nafkah di Kota Solok sebagai Penegakan Hukum Berbasis Komunitas untuk Menambal Celah Keadilan Musfa Hengki; Sri Yunarti; Farida Arianti; Zulkifli Zulkifli; Nofialdi Nofialdi
AL-IMAM: Journal on Islamic Studies, Civilization and Learning Societies Vol 7 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : IDRIS Darulfunun Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58764/j.im.2026.7.155

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perlindungan hukum bagi mantan istri akibat wanprestasi pembayaran nafkah pasca perceraian di Kota Solok melalui pendekatan kearifan lokal. Masalah utama yang diangkat adalah lemahnya eksekusi putusan pengadilan terkait nafkah iddah, mut’ah, dan madliyah, serta bagaimana mekanisme adat Minangkabau dapat menutupi celah tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian lapangan (field research). Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, studi dokumen putusan, dan wawancara mendalam dengan mantan istri, hakim Pengadilan Agama, serta tokoh adat seperti Ninik Mamak dan Bundo Kanduang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan nafkah pasca perceraian di Kota Solok belum berjalan optimal. Banyak mantan istri tidak mengajukan tuntutan nafkah demi mempercepat proses perceraian, sementara putusan yang ada sering kali tidak dieksekusi oleh mantan suami. Perlindungan hukum formal telah tersedia melalui instrumen seperti penahanan akta cerai, namun perlindungan berbasis kearifan lokal melalui mediasi Ninik Mamak dan peran Bundo Kanduang belum dimanfaatkan secara maksimal. Faktor penghambat utama meliputi kondisi ekonomi mantan suami yang rendah, kurangnya kesadaran hukum, serta minimnya bukti aset saat persidangan. Sebaliknya, kuatnya struktur hukum formal dan nilai-nilai adat "Adat Basandi Syarak, Syarak Basandi Kitabullah" menjadi faktor pendukung utama untuk memperkuat hak-hak perempuan pasca perceraian di Kota Solok.
Analisis Yuridis Penerapan PP Nomor 10 Tahun 1983 Jo. PP Nomor 45 Tahun 1990 terhadap Izin Perceraian bagi Pegawai Pemerintah dengan Perjanjian Kerja (PPPK) di Pengadilan Agama Efri Refiman; Zulkifli Zulkifli; Sri Yunarti; Elimartati Elimartati; Nofialdi Nofialdi
AL-IMAM: Journal on Islamic Studies, Civilization and Learning Societies Vol 7 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : IDRIS Darulfunun Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58764/j.im.2026.7.163

Abstract

Divorce for Government Employees with Employment Agreements (PPPK) often faces controversy regarding the requirement for a superior's permission letter, although this is not explicitly regulated in national legislation. This study aims to identify and analyze the existence of a superior's permission letter for PPPK in divorce cases and to analyze judges' perspectives on the application of this requirement at the Panyabungan Class II Religious Court. This study used qualitative methods with a field research approach. Primary data were collected through in-depth interviews with five judges (including Chief Justice Dr. Mirwan), court clerks, registration officers, and eighteen PPPK litigants. Secondary data were obtained from official documents such as Chief Justice's Decrees, service brochures, case summaries, and related regulations. Data analysis was conducted using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion-drawing techniques, while data validity was ensured through source triangulation. The results indicate that court policy requires a superior's permission letter for PPPK at the registration stage as an administrative requirement. However, in court practice, the majority of judges do not consider this a barrier. Of the 18 PPPK cases from 2021 to September 11, 2025, only one case involved a judge actively requesting a permit. There is a sharp difference in the judges' perspectives between the analogy with civil servants and the principle of public welfare versus the principle of legality and the protection of individual civil rights. Normatively, a permit for PPPK is merely an internal administrative policy that is not binding as a legal or formal requirement for litigation. This finding reveals a lack of synchronization between policy and practice, as well as potential legal uncertainty. The study recommends the establishment of clear and uniform national regulations to balance the orderliness of civil servant administration with the right of access to justice for PPPK.