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All Journal Masalah-Masalah Hukum Yustisia Veritas et Justitia PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) Journal of SouthEast Asian Human Rights Jurnal Hukum dan Pembangunan Ekonomi Jurnal Inovasi Hasil Pengabdian Masyarakat (JIPEMAS) Jurnal Simbur Cahaya Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis Indonesian Journal of Law and Society Jurnal Abdiraja Indonesian Journal of International Law Jurnal Dedikasi Hukum Indonesia Law Review (ILREV) Journal of Law, Poliitic and Humanities Kultura: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora Jurnal Hukum dan Pembangunan Proceeding of the International Conference on Law and Human Rights Kertha Semaya : Journal Ilmu Hukum
Erna Dyah Kusumawati
Universitas Sebelas Maret
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The Justiciability of Socio-Economic Rights in Indonesia: The Importance of Ratifying the Optional Protocol to the ICESCR Kusumawati, Erna Dyah
PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) Vol 1, No 2 (2014): PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Padjadjaran University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (617.3 KB)

Abstract

AbstractThis article aims to analyse how the Indonesian government complies with obligations enshrined in the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). Furthermore, this study will assess how the national law provides justiciability as well as redress if the violations of socio-economic rights occur. The protection of socio-economic rights in Indonesia is enshrined in the Constitution, the Human Rights Law Act, and other thematic acts; such as the Children Protection Act, Labour Act, etc. However, some violations have occurred these days both by commission and omission of the government, such as in the Lapindo and Mesuji case. These two cases show that the rights to adequate housing, work, health, healthy environment, and rights to land have been severely violated. In the case of Lapindo, the decision of the court regarding the violations of socio-economic rights was unreasonable; they did not even put the element of tort into consideration for their decision concerning the human rights norm. For the second case, the process of legal settlement is still ongoing. Thus, the government has to establish a comprehensive policy to redress the violation of the socio-economic rights as these rights are not justiciable before the national law. If national law does not provide enforcing element, citizens will have no place to file a complaint for the violation of socio-economic rights. The Optional Protocol to the (OP to the ICESCR) provides individual communication to the Committee (CESCR). Reflecting from the cases of Lapindo and Mesuji, this paper will elaborate how the OP to the ICESCR guarantees the justiciability of socio-economic rights.Keywords: individual communication, justiciability, economic and social rights, state obligation, Committee CESCR. Justisiabilitas Hak-hak Ekonomi dan Sosial di Indonesia: Pentingnya Meratifikasi Protokol Tambahan Kovenan Internasional Hak-hak Ekonomi, Sosial, dan Budaya (KIHESB)AbstrakArtikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kepatuhan pemerintah Indonesia terhadap kewajiban memenuhi hak ekonomi, sosial dan budaya (ekosob). Selain itu artikel ini akan menguji bagaimana hukum nasional menyediakan justisiabilitas termasuk ganti rugi jika pelanggaran terjadi. Perlindungan hak ekosob di Indonesia terdapat dalam berbagai hukum nasional, seperti Undang-undang Dasar Tahun 1945, Undang-undang Hak Asasi Manusia, serta undang-undang tematik lainnya (Undang-Undang Perlindungan Anak, Perburuhan dan lain-lain). Meskipun demikian pelanggaran hak bidang ekosob masih sering terjadi baik secara sengaja maupun lalai, antara lain kasus lumpur Lapindo dan kasus Mesuji. Pemerintah harus mengeluarkan kebijakan yang bersifat komprehensif untuk penegakan hukum dalam hal terjadi pelanggaran hak ekosob, karena hak-hak ini tidak dapat diadili dalam hukum nasional. Jika hukum nasional memiliki unsur penegak hukum tersebut, maka warga negara tidak dapat mengajukan komplain atas pelanggaran. Protokol Tambahan atas Kovenan Internasional tentang Hak-hak Ekonomi, Sosial, dan Budaya (OP) menyediakan komunikasi individual kepada Komite Ekosob (CESCR). Berkaca dari kasus lumpur Lapindo dan Mesuji, maka artikel ini akan memperinci bagaimana Protokol Tambahan akan menjamin justisiabilitas hak ekosob warga negara.Kata Kunci: komunikasi individual, justisiabilitas, hak-hak ekonomi dan sosial, kewajiban negara, komite CESCR. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v1n2.a8
MESUJI CASE: IS THERE A VIOLATION OF ECONOMIC RIGHTS? THE AVAILABILITY OF JUDICIAL SETTLEMENT MECHANISM ON THE VIOLATION OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL RIGHTS IN INDONESIA Kusumawati, Erna Dyah; Kusumo, Ayub Torry Satriyo; Sasmini, Sasmini
Indonesian Journal of International Law
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2445.624 KB)

Abstract

This article focuses on the factors triggering the Mesuji conflict and the similar cases happening in Indonesia. In addition, this paper seeks to find the available settlement alternatives which can be used to solve the conflict. The study will take a long, hard look on state practices (South Africa and India) concerning on the settlement of the economic and social (socio-economic) rights. The conclusion drawn is that a conflict involving society’s rights and interests should be solved in a comprehensive way. It cannot be solved only by litigation or non-litigation procedures. The Government should establish a policy concerning the regulation on the land expropriation. Also the government should monitor the implementation of the regulation in order to prevent from the abuses carried out by third parties (companies). Thus, the government will protect the socio-economic rights of the society
The Justiciability of Socio-Economic Rights in Indonesia: The Importance of Ratifying the Optional Protocol to the ICESCR Erna Dyah Kusumawati
PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) Vol 1, No 2 (2014): PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (617.3 KB)

Abstract

AbstractThis article aims to analyse how the Indonesian government complies with obligations enshrined in the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). Furthermore, this study will assess how the national law provides justiciability as well as redress if the violations of socio-economic rights occur. The protection of socio-economic rights in Indonesia is enshrined in the Constitution, the Human Rights Law Act, and other thematic acts; such as the Children Protection Act, Labour Act, etc. However, some violations have occurred these days both by commission and omission of the government, such as in the Lapindo and Mesuji case. These two cases show that the rights to adequate housing, work, health, healthy environment, and rights to land have been severely violated. In the case of Lapindo, the decision of the court regarding the violations of socio-economic rights was unreasonable; they did not even put the element of tort into consideration for their decision concerning the human rights norm. For the second case, the process of legal settlement is still ongoing. Thus, the government has to establish a comprehensive policy to redress the violation of the socio-economic rights as these rights are not justiciable before the national law. If national law does not provide enforcing element, citizens will have no place to file a complaint for the violation of socio-economic rights. The Optional Protocol to the (OP to the ICESCR) provides individual communication to the Committee (CESCR). Reflecting from the cases of Lapindo and Mesuji, this paper will elaborate how the OP to the ICESCR guarantees the justiciability of socio-economic rights.Keywords: individual communication, justiciability, economic and social rights, state obligation, Committee CESCR. Justisiabilitas Hak-hak Ekonomi dan Sosial di Indonesia: Pentingnya Meratifikasi Protokol Tambahan Kovenan Internasional Hak-hak Ekonomi, Sosial, dan Budaya (KIHESB)AbstrakArtikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kepatuhan pemerintah Indonesia terhadap kewajiban memenuhi hak ekonomi, sosial dan budaya (ekosob). Selain itu artikel ini akan menguji bagaimana hukum nasional menyediakan justisiabilitas termasuk ganti rugi jika pelanggaran terjadi. Perlindungan hak ekosob di Indonesia terdapat dalam berbagai hukum nasional, seperti Undang-undang Dasar Tahun 1945, Undang-undang Hak Asasi Manusia, serta undang-undang tematik lainnya (Undang-Undang Perlindungan Anak, Perburuhan dan lain-lain). Meskipun demikian pelanggaran hak bidang ekosob masih sering terjadi baik secara sengaja maupun lalai, antara lain kasus lumpur Lapindo dan kasus Mesuji. Pemerintah harus mengeluarkan kebijakan yang bersifat komprehensif untuk penegakan hukum dalam hal terjadi pelanggaran hak ekosob, karena hak-hak ini tidak dapat diadili dalam hukum nasional. Jika hukum nasional memiliki unsur penegak hukum tersebut, maka warga negara tidak dapat mengajukan komplain atas pelanggaran. Protokol Tambahan atas Kovenan Internasional tentang Hak-hak Ekonomi, Sosial, dan Budaya (OP) menyediakan komunikasi individual kepada Komite Ekosob (CESCR). Berkaca dari kasus lumpur Lapindo dan Mesuji, maka artikel ini akan memperinci bagaimana Protokol Tambahan akan menjamin justisiabilitas hak ekosob warga negara.Kata Kunci: komunikasi individual, justisiabilitas, hak-hak ekonomi dan sosial, kewajiban negara, komite CESCR. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v1n2.a8
Unsafe River Bank Houses? A Legal Reflection on Issues of Freedom from Poverty, Development Programmes and Accountability Mechanisms in Indonesia Erna Dyah Kusumawati
Journal of Southeast Asian Human Rights Vol 2 No 2 (2018): December 2018
Publisher : Jember University Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/jseahr.v2i2.8407

Abstract

Millions of the most deprived people worldwide live in slums with a lack of access to adequate water, hygiene and sanitation. Inadequate housing and living conditions increase vulnerability to other problems. For example, people living on the river banks in Jakarta regularly experience flooding due to adverse environmental conditions. Not only do the river bank settlements suffer from floods, but also other settlements as well as offices in Jakarta encounter similar effects. These regular floods cause billions of Indonesian Rupiah’s (IDR) in damages annually. As part of flood prevention programmes, the Jakarta government has evacuated and emptied the river bank settlements and has relocated the residents to rented, public high-rise housing provided by the municipality. This article will not address the legal issues of the relocation. Rather, it will examine whether relocation and resettlement due to development programmes can be addressed from a different perspective focusing on human rights as a means to eliminate poverty. It will also investigate the available accountability mechanisms at both the international and national level. Furthermore, it will assess whether these mechanisms can be employed to address the effect of development programmes which disproportionally affect people living on river banks. This study will use the classic legal research method, i.e. the normative legal method, to answer the research questions. In addition, it will also employ the human rights-based approach in assessing the regulation and policies adopted by the Indonesian authorities. The final part of this article will provide conclusions and recommendations for policymakers to address the societal problems by employing the human rights approach in tackling poverty and reducing the negative impacts of developments.
Pendidikan mengenai kesetaraan gender dan anti kekerasan dalam rumah tangga Erna Dyah Kusumawati; Sasmini Sasmini; Adriana Grahani Firdausy
Jurnal Inovasi Hasil Pengabdian Masyarakat (JIPEMAS) Vol 4, No 1 (2021): Jurnal Inovasi Hasil Pengabdian Masyarakat (JIPEMAS)
Publisher : University of Islam Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33474/jipemas.v4i1.9048

Abstract

The number of victims of domestic violence in Indonesia is still considerably high. The aims of this community service are threefold. The first aim is to share knowledge with the community. Second is to increase the community’s legal awareness of the issue, and the third aim is to perform one task of the Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi. Such sharing knowledge is deemed to be beneficial both for the community and the university. This community service employed both lecturing and interactive discussion methods. Lecturing was used to deliver the materials, and discussion was used to further explore topics relating to the issues. These methods enable society’s acceptance and understanding. Prior to this activity, most participants did not comprehend the meaning of gender equality and its significant influence on family life. The participants informed that some forms of domestic violence occur in the neighbourhood. Previously, they were of the opinion that such incidents were families’ private matters. They neither have rights nor obligations to interfere. As community members, they have an obligation to prevent such incidents from happening and could also assist in protecting the victims by informing the police or local institutions established for prevention and handling domestic violence
Between Public and Communal Interests: A Legality Issue Forced Evictions Occuring in Jakarta Kusumawati, Erna Dyah
Indonesia Law Review Vol. 8, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Forced evictions are considered as a “global epidemic” since they occur in several countries regardless of the states’ development level. The private ownership issues and the development issues are examples of rationales behind forced evictions. Under the human rights regime, states are obliged to refrain from any eviction, moreover, the states are required to adopt measures preventing forced evictions from happening or provide the victims with legal mechanisms to challenge the policies if evictions occur. International law prohibits forced evictions and offers a guideline for forced eviction triggered by development. This paper will investigate the legality of forced evictions happening in Jakarta, Indonesia and critically examine the reason of “public interest” proffered by the authorities as to whether the forced evictions are in contrary to the international obligations to which Indonesia has subscribed or whether it can be justified by the wider public interests reasoning. The author argues that in the name of development, a conflict of interests between a larger public interest and the interest of the evicted community may occur. Since forced evictions are associated with violations of human rights, especially the right to adequate housing, therefore the interests of both public and community should be given more attention particularly if forced evictions cannot be avoided.
HAK AKSES ATAS ENERGI BERSIH DAN TERJANGKAU SEBAGAI BENTUK PEMENUHAN HAK ATAS TEMPAT TINGGAL YANG LAYAK Erna Dyah Kusumawati; Sasmini Sasmini
Veritas et Justitia Vol. 9 No. 1 (2023): Veritas et Justitia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Parahyangan Catholic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25123/vej.v9i1.6111

Abstract

Access to clean and affordable energy has become a persistent problem faced by countries worldwide. The peak increase in oil prices experienced in a few decades has made it difficult for the low incomes to access clean energy. At present, many people in rural areas still use wood as fuel for cooking. Indoor wood-burning activities might cause air pollution and triggers respiratory problems. Employing a conceptual approach, this article examines the debate on the concept of moral and legal right of the right to clean and affordable energy under international law. Moreover, it analyses the correlation and the importance of such right for the fulfilment of the right to adequate housing and how states adhere to it. The research finds that there is yet any legal instruments directly recognising the right to clean and affordable energy. Nevertheless, there is plenty recognition of the importance of energy as vital element for fulfilling other human rights, such as the right to adequate housing. It is found that states have recognised the utmost influence of energy on achieving economic and social goals. However, current state practices heavily depend on soft law and show their commitment to facilitate and fulfil the moral right to clean and affordable energy. Integrating human rights principles, norms, and standards into legal rights and policies on energy development plan are indeed crucial. Such integration will enable the recognition of energy as an entitlement, which will place energy as a precondition that must be provided as essential services to enable adequate life of inhabitants.
Peningkatan Kesadaran Masyarakat Desa Gondosuli-Kabupaten Karanganyar terhadap Pengelolaan Lingkungan sebagai Upaya Pengurangan Resiko Bencana Anang setiyawan; Sri Lestari Rahayu; Sasmini; Ayub Torry Satriyo Kusumo; Emmy Latifah; Erna Dyah Kusumawati; Rachma Indriyani; Anugrah Adiastuti; Siti Muslimah; Diah Apriani Atika Sari
Jurnal Dedikasi Hukum Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): August 2023
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22219/jdh.v3i2.28438

Abstract

Pertumbuhan dan pengembangan daerah wisata diberbagai wilayah sebagai penggerak perkonomian suatu daerah berbanding lurus dengan resiko bencana yang akan dihadapi jika tidak dikelola dengan baik. Desa Gondosuli, Kecamatan Tawangmangu memiliki potensi wisata alam yang menarik sebagai tujuan investasi berbagai pihak, namun masalahnya adalah pembangunan objek wisata, sarana prasarana pendukung dan pemukiman diwilayah ini terkesan tidak memperhatikan karakteristik geografis, selain itu, menurut data kebencanaan menunjukkan bahwa wilayah desa wisata Gondosuli memiliki tingkat kerentanan bencana tanah longsor yang tinggi. Metode yang dilakukan adalah dengan melakukan peningkatan pengetahuan melalui diseminasi dan pelatihan mitigasi bencana alam berbasis komunitas yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat dan pemerintah desa terhadap bencana dengan melibatkan Akademisi, BPBD Karanganyar, Perangkat Desa serta Masyarakat Desa Gondosuli. Program pengabdian ini mampu meningkatkan kesadaran akan karakteristik wilayah yang rentan bencana sekaligus berhasil membentuk komunitas tanggap bencana berbasis masyarakat desa Gondosuli.   Abstract Increasing Community Awareness of Gondosuli Village-Karanganyar Regency towards Environmental Management as an Effort to Reducing Disaster Risk. The growth and development of tourist areas in various regions, as an economic driver for an area, are directly proportional to the disaster risks that will be faced if not managed properly. Gondosuli Village, Tawangmangu Sub-district, has attractive natural tourism potential as an investment destination for various parties. However, the issue lies in the development of tourist attractions, supporting infrastructure, and settlements in this area, which seem to overlook the geographical characteristics. Additionally, according to disaster data, the Gondosuli tourist village area has a high vulnerability to landslides. The method used involves increasing knowledge through the dissemination and training of community-based natural disaster mitigation. The aim is to raise awareness among the community and village government regarding disasters by involving academics, the Karanganyar Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD), village officials, and the Gondosuli Village community. This community service program has succeeded in increasing awareness of the characteristics of disaster-prone areas and has effectively formed a community-based disaster response in Gondosuli Village.  
Meningkatkan Daya Ikat Hukum Internasional: Kajian Filosofis -, Sasmini -; Kusumawati, Erna Dyah; Rahayu, Sri Lestari; Latifah, Emmy -; Adiastuti, Anugrah
Simbur Cahaya Volume 29 Nomor 1, Juni 2022
Publisher : Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (349.251 KB) | DOI: 10.28946/sc.v29i1.1804

Abstract

Daya ikat hukum internasional banyak mendapatkan tantangan dengan berbagai pelanggaran atas hukum internasional yang penyelesaiannya masih sarat dengan kepentingan politik negara. Tulisan ini mengkaji dua pertanyaan fundamental dalam hukum internasional, yaitu apa dasar atau landasan filosofis daya ikat Hukum Internasional bagi negara?; dan bagaimana negara-negara terikat dan patuh pada norma-norma Hukum Internasional dalam praktek masyarakat internasional kontemporer?. Hasil analisis menyimpulkan bahwa walaupun hukum internasional sebagai suatu sistem hukum diakui dan dilaksanakan oleh masyarakat internasional, namun demikian masih terdapat kelemahan utamanya dalam hal kekuatan mengikatnya. Realitanya, hukum internasional tetap ada dan semakin diperlukan untuk mengatur hubungan-hubungan internasional yang semakin kompleks dan itulah yang menjadi dasar mengikat HI bagi masyarakat internasional. Dalam rangka meningkatkan lagi legitimasi hukum internasional, maka sistem hukum internasional harus memberikan lebih banyak kesempatan kepada negara-negara berkembang dan NGO untuk mengekspresikan sudut pandang mereka dalam negosiasi di tingkat internasional serta prosedur pengambilan keputusan dari organisasi internasional.
The Legal Protection of the Digital Platform Workers in Indonesia Aminuddin, Nur Afifah; Kusumawati, Erna Dyah
Indonesian Journal of Law and Society Vol 4 No 2 (2023): Environmental Justice, Gig Economy, and Human Rights In Contemporary Society
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Jember, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/ijls.v4i2.41915

Abstract

This study analyzes labor law arrangements in Indonesia, Germany and United Kingdom, mainly how several countries protect digital platform workers. Furthermore, this research evaluates the implementation of such a law to advance labor law in Indonesia in protecting digital platforms workers. This research used normative legal analysis, employing a statutory, conceptual, and comparative approach with Germany and the United Kingdom. The results indicate that the dynamics of new employment status or partnership working relationships and workers’ flexibility in the gig economy phenomenon are not only found in Indonesia. Several countries, for example, Germany and United Kingdom, have found strategies to tackle this phenomenon. The government can address the above employment problems in two approaches: via court decisions and amending or revising relevant legislation. Classifying the status of employment relationships in this new phenomenon is crucial for implementation in Indonesia. In the future, such classification can be used as a reference in developing Indonesian Labor Law. The government should consider the necessary substantive protections for workers, from flexible working arrangements to creating new standards more responsive to the structure of growing organizations and the emergence of algorithmic management.
Co-Authors Adriana Grahani Firdausy Adriana Grahani Firdausy Agung Nugroho Albertus Sentot Sudharwanto Aminuddin, Nur Afifah Anang Setiyawan Anugrah Adiastuti Anugrah Adiastuti Ayub Torry Satriyo Kusumo Ayub Torry Satriyo Kusumo Diah Apriani Atika Sari Diah Apriani Atika Sari, Diah Apriani Atika Emmy Latifah Emmy Latifah Ginanjar Ismu Solikhin Gohardi, Virgo Sulianto Hari Purwadi Lalu Guna Nugraha Latifah, Emmy - Nadia Salsabila Naila, Anindita Radya Ningrum Sekartanjung Pratiwi Pangastuti, Dimas Putri, Dian Kencana Rachma Indriyani Sasmini Shamsa Malika Siti Muslimah Siti Muslimah Sri Lestari Rahayu sri lestari rahayu Supanto Supanto