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Salmonella sp Contamination on Chicken Eggs and Duck Eggs at the Antasari Traditional Market, Banjarmasin, Indonesia Sa'adah, Sa'adah; Dwiyanti, Ratih Dewi; Lutpiatina, Leka
Tropical Health and Medical Research Vol. 6 No. 1 (2024): Tropical Health and Medical Research
Publisher : Baiman Bauntung Batuah Center

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35916/thmr.v6i1.114

Chicken eggs and duck eggs can be a source of transmission of Salmonellosis. Salmonella bacteria can penetrate the eggshell, or the egg's contents can become directly contaminated with Salmonella in the reproductive organs before the shell covers the egg. This research aims to analyze Salmonella sp in chicken and duck eggs at the Antasari Traditional Market in Banjarmasin, Indonesia. Samples were taken by purposive sampling with the criteria for cracked/broken eggs and intact eggs: 3 chicken eggs and three duck eggs from 6 traders so that the total sample was 24. For the identification of bacteria, microscopic tests and biochemical tests were used on the identification media. The results showed Salmonella sp in duck eggs and no Salmonella in chicken eggs. In all samples of chicken and duck eggs, 12.50% of Salmonella sp, 37.50% of Klebsiella sp, 12.50% of Proteus sp, and 37.50% of Pseudomonas sp were found. Suggestions for consumers are to pay more attention to the hygiene and sanitation of traders before buying eggs, choose clean eggs, store eggs in the refrigerator, and cook eggs until they are cooked.

Formulation Test of Dracontomelon dao (Blanco) Merr. & Rofe Leaf Extract Powder as an Anti-Diarrheal Escherichia coli Method In Vivo Dwiyanti, Ratih Dewi; Nurlailah, Nurlailah; Thuraidah, Anny
Medical Laboratory Technology Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024): June
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Banjarmasin Jurusan Analis Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31964/mltj.v10i1.556

Dracontomelon dao (Blanco) Merr. & Rofe is one of the medicinal plants used in the community. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of Dracontomelon dao (Blanco) Merr. & Rofe extract powder as an antidiarrheal against Escherichia coli in vivo. Dracontomelon dao (Blanco) Merr. & Rofe leaf comes from Hulu Sungai Utara, South Kalimantan, Indonesia, and is macerated with 96% ethanol—Dracontomelon dao extract powder (Blanco) Merr. & Rofe is made with three parts thick extract, four parts Lactose, and four parts Starch. Experimental rat were conditioned to develop diarrhea and were treated with extract powder with varying doses per kg of body weight, namely 250 mg, 500 mg, and 750 mg. After treatment on day 6, rat recovered from diarrhea in the 750 mg dose treatment group as much as 78%, while the positive control total recovery on day 6 reached 100%. After treatment on day 6, the number of Escherichia coli colonies in rat feces decreased, namely the lowest in the 750mg dose treatment group, 276 colonies/gr. This research concludes that Dracontomelo dao (Blanco) Merr. & Rofe leaf extract powder is effective as an anti-diarrhea against Escherichia coli in experimental rat. Further research is needed on human test subjects to obtain anti-diarrhea drugs with safer and more effective formulations.

Hubungan Status Pelatihan Pemeriksaan Sputum TB dengan Nilai Error Rate dan Kualitas Sediaan Mikroskopis TB di Puskesmas Kota Banjarmasin Tahun 2023 Aisya Nahdiya; Thuraidah, Anny; Dwiyanti, Ratih Dewi; Muhlisin, Ahmad; Haitami, Haitami
Jurnal Karya Generasi Sehat Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): Edisi Desember 2024
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Banjarmasin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31964/jkgs.v2i2.125

Tuberkulosis (TB) adalah penyakit infeksi yang menular, disebabkan oleh kuman Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Dengan masih digunakannya pemeriksaan mikroskopis untuk diagnosis TBC, maka pemantapan kualitas pemeriksaan mikroskopis harus dilakukan secara berkala yaitu dengan melaksanakan uji silang. Pelatihan akan meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan petugas laboratorium sehingga memahami dan mengurangi kesalahan yang terjadi dalam pemeriksaan TB. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan status pelatihan pemeriksaan sputum TB dengan nilai error rate dan kualitas sediaan. Jenis penelitian survey analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional. Penelitian dilakukan di Kota Banjarmasin pada tanggal 1 s/d 30 Oktober 2023. Populasi penelitian adalah petugas laboratorium di Puskesmas Kota Banjarmasin sebanyak 61 orang. Sampel diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling, yaitu memilih petugas laboratorium yang melakukan pembuatan sediaan serta pemeriksaan mikroskopis TB untuk uji silang tahun 2023 sebanyak 27 responden. Hasil penelitian 19 orang (70,4%) sudah pelatihan, 8 orang (29,6%) tidak pelatihan. Hasil uji silang triwulan I: 24 Puskesmas (88,9%) Baik, 3 Puskesmas (11,1%) Jelek. Nilai Error Rate 25 Puskesmas (92,6%) Baik, 2 Puskesmas (7,4%) Jelek. Hasil uji silang Triwulan II: 23 Puskesmas (85,2%) Baik, 4 Puskesmas (14, 8%) Jelek. Nilai Error Rate 27 Puskesmas (100%) Baik, 0 Puskesmas (0%) Jelek. Uji Chi-Square antara status pelatihan dengan kualitas sediaan mikroskopis TB didapatkan Fisher's Exact Sig. 0,019 (Triwulan 1) dan 0,004 (Triwulan II) <a = 0,05, menunjukkan ada hubungan bermakna. Uji terhadap hubungan status pelatihan dengan error rate diperoleh nilai Exact Sig. 0,080 (Triwulan I) di mana nilai ini > a = 0,05, maka disimpulkan tidak ada hubungan bermakna. Sedangkan Triwulan II tidak dapat diuji karena variabel error rate konstan. Bagi peneliti selanjutnya disarankan meneliti faktor-faktor lain yang mempengaruhi hasil uji silang mikroskopis TB serta dalam periode yang lebih lama.

PENGARUH KOMBINASI EKSTRAK ETANOL JAHE MERAH (Zingiber officinale var Rubrum), DAUN KELOR (Moringa oleifera), DAN MENIRAN HIJAU (Phyllanthus niruri L.) SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI Escherichia coli Hafidh, Muhammad; Dwiyanti, Ratih Dewi; Insana, Aima; Muhlisin, Ahmad
Jurnal Karya Generasi Sehat Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): Edisi Desember 2024
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Banjarmasin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31964/jkgs.v2i2.154

Penyakit diare disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri Escherichia coli. Infeksi ini dilakukan dengan pemberian obat tanaman herbal dari bahan alam yaitu jahe merah, daun kelor, dan meniran hijau yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri sebagai alternatif pengobatan, dikarenakan pengobatan dengan bahan kimia atau antibiotik mengalami efek resisten. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi ekstrak etanol jahe merah, daun kelor, dan meniran hijau sebagai antibakteri Escherichia coli. Jenis penelitian ini adalah True Exsperiment dengan rancangan penelitian adalah Posttest Only With Control Group Design dengan 7 formulasi kombinasi ekstrak etanol jahe merah, daun kelor, dan meniran hijau dengan 4 kali pengulangan. Uji antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode dilusi cair yaitu menentukan Kemampuan Menghambat dan Kemampuan Membunuh serta dengan metode difusi Zona Hambat Sumuran. Hasil penelitian pada Kemampuan Menghambat diukur dengan absorbansi sebelum dan sesudah inkubasi dari selisih rerata didapatkan formulasi F5 (2:1:1) yaitu 0.717 memiliki nilai yang dengan penurunan terbanyak dari semua formulasi. Pada Kemampuan Membunuh didapatkan hasil rata-rata 0 koloni yaitu pada formulasi F2 (1:1:2), F4 (1:2:2), F5 (2:1:1), dan F7 (2:1:2). Pada zona hambat sumuran didapatkan hasil rata-rata diameter dengan daya hambatan kuat adalah F4 (1:2:2) sebanyak 13.2 mm yang tertinggi dari semua formulasi. Dilakukan uji statistic Wilcoxon dan Kruskal-Wallis. Disimpulkan bahwa kombinasi ekstrak etanol jahe merah, daun kelor, dan meniran hijau formulasi yang efektif sebagai antibakteri Escherichia coli adalah formulasi F4 (1:2:2). Saran bagi peneliti selanjutnya dapat menggunakan konsentrasi bertingkat pada formulasi tersebut dari kombinasi ekstrak etanol jahe merah, daun kelor, dan meniran hijau sebagai antibakteri Escherichia coli.

PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DALAM PENCEGAHAN DAN MENGATASI PENYAKIT JAMUR PADA KAKI PETAMBAK IKAN DI KELURAHAN CINDAI ALUS KABUPATEN BANJAR Nurlailah, Nurlailah; Dwiyanti, Ratih Dewi; Insana, Aima
JURNAL RAKAT SEHAT (JRS) : Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Vol 3 No 2 (2024): Jurnal Rakat Sehat
Publisher : UPPM Poltekkes Kemenkes Banjarmasin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31964/jrs.v3i2.55

Fish farming is a type of work that involves daily work in watery and wet places. Generally, fish farmers work without wearing protective equipment, which can cause their feet to become damp and wet, thus becoming a supporting factor for fungal growth.The aim of the activity is to increase public health knowledge about fungal diseases of the skin, nails and hair and reduce the morbidity rate of fungal infections by administering anti-fungal infection drugs to fish farmers in Cindai Alus, Martapura District. The methods used in this activity are pretest, delivery of material, taking nail samples and posttest. The sampling technique was purposive where samples were taken on the toenails of participants/partners who were indicated to have a fungal infection with the criteria of nail color being black, brittle and uneven and smelling. The results of Community Service showed that there was an increase in partners' knowledge about fungal infections of the skin, nails and hair based on the results of the questionnaire. After monitoring and evaluating for 2 months, it was found that there was a decrease in fungal infections, especially on the toenails and hands, from 18 people (55%) who were infected, down to 15 people (36%) who were still infected.

Evaluation of the Duration of Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Administration on Leukocyte Profiles in Tuberculosis Patients Ipniliati, Eva; Dwiyanti, Ratih Dewi; Insana, Aima
Tropical Health and Medical Research Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): Tropical Health and Medical Research
Publisher : Baiman Bauntung Batuah Center

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35916/thmr.v7i1.129

Tuberculosis (TB) is a global health problem that requires monitoring the immune response during treatment. Leukocyte profile is an important indicator in assessing the body's response to anti-tuberculosis drug therapy. The purpose of the study was to determine the difference in leukocyte profiles in pulmonary TB patients after 0 months and 2 months of anti-tuberculosis drug treatment—analytical research method with cross-sectional design on 60 pulmonary TB patients in Sungai Malang and Karias Health Center. Samples were selected purposively. Leukocyte examination was performed using Hematology Analyzer, and data were analyzed by independent t-test and Mann-Whitney. The results showed a significant decrease in the number of leukocytes (9,877/mm³ to 6,678/mm³, p<0.05), segment neutrophils (68.73% to 51.33%, p<0.05), and a significant increase in lymphocytes (21.07% to 37.33%, p<0.05). Basophils, eosinophils, rod neutrophils, and monocytes showed no significant difference (p>0.05). Conclusion A 2-month anti-tuberculosis drug treatment duration decreased leukocytes and segment neutrophils and significantly increased lymphocytes. Leukocyte monitoring is recommended as an indicator of therapy response.

Comparison of TCM GeneXpert MTB/RIF Ultra Examination Results with AFB Microscopic Examination in Pulmonary TB Patients with MTB Detected Ulfah, Putriana; Dwiyanti, Ratih Dewi; Insana, Aima
Tropical Health and Medical Research Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): Tropical Health and Medical Research
Publisher : Baiman Bauntung Batuah Center

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35916/thmr.v7i2.135

Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease in Indonesia with the second largest number of cases in the world after India. One of the TB-free strategies is early diagnosis with bacteriological laboratory examination for rapid treatment, thereby reducing the incidence rate. WHO recommends the GeneXpert molecular rapid test for confirming the diagnosis of TB. The TB diagnosis is confirmed by Acid-Fast Bacilli (AFB) microscopic examination for laboratories with difficulty accessing rapid molecular tests. The study aims to compare the rapid molecular test GeneXpert MTB/RIF Ultra examination with Ziehl-Neelsen stained AFB microscopic examination in diagnosing lung patients who have been detected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis very low, low, medium, and High (MTB detected)—the type of observational analytical study, with a cross-sectional design to understand the differences. The sampling technique is a total sampling of 30 samples, and data analysis using the Wilcoxon statistical test. Of the 30 samples tested for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), the Molecular Rapid Test identified all samples as positive (100%). In contrast, AFB microscopy detected only 23 positive cases (76.67%) and failed to detect MTB in 7 samples (23.33%). Based on bacterial load classification, three samples (10%) were categorized as very low, with AFB results showing two negatives (6.67%) and one scanty (3.33%). Among the nine low-load samples (30%), five were AFB-negative (16.67%) and four were positive (1+) (13.33%). In the seven medium-load samples (23.33%), microscopy detected five samples as 1+ (16.67%), two as 2+ (6.67%), and one as 3+ (3.33%). Of the 11 high-load samples (36.67%), AFB identified three as 2+ (10%) and eight as 3+ (23.33%). The conclusion of the results of the Molecular Rapid Test examination with AFB microscopic there shows a significant difference (P < 0.025) < ? (0.05). It is recommended that further research be conducted to compare three bacteriological examinations, namely rapid molecular test, AFB microscopic, and culture, as a gold standard examination.

Effectiveness of HEPA Filters in Reducing Airborne Bacteria in Public Health Laboratory Rooms in Bontang City, Indonesia Sya’adah, Nurul Laili; Dwiyanti, Ratih Dewi; Nurlailah, Nurlailah
Tropical Health and Medical Research Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): Tropical Health and Medical Research
Publisher : Baiman Bauntung Batuah Center

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35916/thmr.v7i2.136

Air is a basic human need whose quality needs to be maintained, especially in closed environments such as laboratories. Several factors, such as temperature, humidity, lighting, occupancy density, and ventilation systems, affect the presence of microorganisms in the room. Laboratory users can control microorganisms that cause air contamination by using High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filters. This study aims to determine the effect of HEPA filter use on the number of airborne germs in laboratory rooms. This type of research is an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design, with nine rooms as research objects. Air samples were taken six times in each room, namely twice before the use of the HEPA filter (0 hour), twice after the use of the HEPA filter for 3 hours without activity, and twice after the use of the HEPA filter for 3 hours with laboratory service activities. Statistical tests used one-way ANOVA to analyze the data. The results showed that the average number of airborne germs before the use of the HEPA filter was 357,667 CFU/m³. After 3 hours of use of the HEPA filter without activity, the number decreased to 177,444 CFU/m³. After 3 hours of active HEPA filter use, the number of airborne bacteria decreased to 124 CFU/m³. The statistical test results showed a significance value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), which means there was a significant difference between groups. The conclusion is that the use of HEPA filters has a substantial effect on reducing the number of airborne bacteria in the Bontang City Health Laboratory room. Future researchers are advised to increase the duration of HEPA filter use and identify the types of bacteria in the laboratory room.

Family Socioeconomic Factors as a Risk Factor for ARI Incidence in Toddlers in Pekauman Dalam Village, Banjar Regency, Indonesia Dwiyanti, Ratih Dewi; Insana, Aima
Tropical Health and Medical Research Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): Tropical Health and Medical Research
Publisher : Baiman Bauntung Batuah Center

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35916/thmr.v7i2.138

Acute Respiratory Tract Infections (ARI) remain a leading cause of infant mortality worldwide, including in Indonesia. Banjar Regency, South Kalimantan, has the highest infant pneumonia mortality rate in the province, despite its lower prevalence. This situation necessitates a study of the risk factors contributing to the incidence of ARI, particularly from a family's socioeconomic perspective. This study aims to determine the relationship between the incidence of ARI in toddlers and family socioeconomic risk factors in Pekauman Dalam Village, Banjar Regency. This study used an analytical study design with a cross-sectional approach. A sample of 28 toddlers was selected using total sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires completed by the toddlers' mothers/caregivers. Data analysis was performed bivariately using simple binary logistic regression, with further analysis using the Chi-Square test and Fisher's Exact Test on significant variables. The results of the study showed that among the 28 toddlers examined, six toddlers (21.4%) exhibited symptoms of acute respiratory infections (ARI). Statistical analysis revealed that, among all variables tested, only the toddler's age had a significant association with ARI incidence (p = 0.001; Fisher's Exact Test = 0.011). Toddlers aged ?1 year had a higher proportion of ARI cases than toddlers aged >1 year. Other variables such as family income, home ownership, residential density, cooking fuel, and maternal education did not show statistically significant relationships, although some had p-values approaching the significance threshold. Toddler age was the main risk factor influencing ARI cases in this study. Although most other socioeconomic factors were not statistically significant, these aspects are still important to consider in ARI prevention efforts. This study can form the basis for more targeted preventive interventions in areas with high socioeconomic vulnerability.

The Effect of Sputum Delivery Time on the Sensitivity of Culture and AFB Microscopy in the Diagnosis of Drug-Resistant TB Rizkiyah, Risa; Dwiyanti, Ratih Dewi; Insana, Aima
Tropical Health and Medical Research Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): Tropical Health and Medical Research
Publisher : Baiman Bauntung Batuah Center

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35916/thmr.v7i2.139

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is a major challenge in TB control in Indonesia. Early detection using liquid and solid media cultures is crucial due to the limited sensitivity of Acid-Fast Bacilli (AFB) microscopic examination. In addition, the time of sputum specimen delivery can also affect bacterial viability. This study aims to determine the relationship between liquid and solid media culture results with AFB microscopic results in immediate and delayed sputum in patients with DR-TB. This is an observational analytical study with a cross-sectional design, involving 40 sputum samples from DR-TB patients examined at the South Kalimantan Provincial Health Laboratory from January to April 2025. Samples were grouped based on the time of sputum delivery (<7 days = immediate; ?7 days = delayed), and examined using AFB microscopic methods, Mycobacterium Growth Indicator Tube liquid culture, and Lowenstein-Jensen solid culture. Data analysis was performed using the Spearman correlation test. Of the 40 sputum samples examined, 2 (5%) were positive by AFB microscopy, 8 (20%) were positive by liquid culture (MGIT), and 6 (15%) were positive by solid culture (Lowenstein-Jensen). The results showed that in immediate sputum, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) was detected in 7 samples using liquid media and in 5 samples using solid media. In contrast, in delayed sputum, only one sample was positive in both media. Most samples with negative AFB microscopy still yielded MTB growth in culture, particularly in immediate sputum. There was no significant correlation between AFB and liquid culture results in immediate sputum (p=0.172), but there was a substantial correlation between AFB and solid culture (p=0.025). In delayed sputum, both liquid and solid cultures showed a significant correlation with AFB results (p=0.046). Liquid culture was proven to be more sensitive than AFB microscopic examination, especially for immediately examined sputum. MTB viability and accuracy of results decreased in late-delivered sputum, so optimal specimen delivery management is necessary to maintain diagnostic quality.

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