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PRESUMPTION OF INNOCENCE AGAINST CRIMINAL OFFENDERS IN THE POLICE: A CRITICAL STUDY Wulandari, Oktavia; Imron, Ali; Ernawati, Briliyan; Nurdin, Nazar
Walisongo Law Review (Walrev) Vol 2, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang

The purpose of this paper is to conduct a critical study of the application of the presumption of innocence to the perpetrators of criminal acts (suspects) investigated by the police. Implementation of the principle is important to study because the suspect must not be considered guilty before the criminal act is proven. A review of this case was carried out at the Kendal Police Department in mid-2019-2020. Writing texts are written with a normative-empirical approach. The non-doctrinal approach was chosen because it can clearly examine the application of the principle of presumption of innocence in more depth. Therefore, the author considers it necessary to carefully examine the application of these principles in the process of law enforcement at the police level. The results showed that the application of the principle of presumption of innocence in the Kendal Police Department was not optimal, because some of its applications were colored by threats and acts of violence. The suboptimal application of this principle is influenced by various factors, including the lack of legal knowledge of suspects and threats and acts of violence that are not reported. As we know the presumption of innocence is a fundamental principle in the criminal justice system, where a person must be positioned innocent before his guilt is proven in an honest and open trial.

DELIK PENODAAN AGAMA ISLAM DI INDONESIA Nurdin, Nazar
International Journal Ihya' 'Ulum al-Din Vol 19, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Walisongo Semarang, Indonesia

Criminal Law and Article 27-28 of the Law on Information and Electronic Transactions constitute a legal instrument to ensnare a perpetrator of religious blasphemy. This article is a legal research with a normative-empirical approach. The findings indicate that: first, judges' consideration in the case of defamation of Islam contained in the decision Number: 80 / Pid.B / 2015 / PN Bna, Number: 10 / Pid.Sus / 2013 / PN.Pt and Number: 06 / Pid.B / 2011 / PN.TMG is more looking at the impact of criminal acts committed. However, in its implementation the three decisions are not entirely based on the applicable law rules, including the decision based on the provisions in Law No. 1 of 1965 on Prevention and or Defamation of Religion, but adopted an unwritten source of law from the Fatwa of Indonesian Council of Ulama. Another implementation is in the case of religious blasphemy at the community level tended to be followed by very severe punishment to the perpetrators. Secondly, religious blasphemy is not mentioned in detail in Islamic legal literature. If the perpetrators of desecration of a Muslim, Islamic law tend to refer to the perpetrators as kafir. Whereas if the perpetrator is a non-Muslim, one cannot be included in the category of apostasy (riddah). Categorization as a kafir does not necessarily make the Muslims punished jarimah had (hudud). Therefore, punishment takzir can be an alternative punishment that can be applied to the perpetrators of religious blasphemy, both Muslims and non-Muslims---Tindak pidana penodaan agama yang termanifestasikan dalam pasal 156a Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana dan pasal 27-28 UU Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik merupakan satu instrumen hukum untuk menjerat seorang pelaku penistaan agama. Artikel ini merupakan penelitian hukum dengan pendekatan normatif-empiris. Hasil temuan menunjukkan bahwa: pertama, pertimbangan majelis hakim dalam perkara penodaan agama Islam yang termuat dalam putusan Nomor: 80/Pid.B/2015/PN Bna, Nomor: 10/Pid.Sus/2013/PN.Pt dan Nomor: 06/Pid.B/2011/PN.TMG lebih melihat kepada dampak yang ditimbulkan dari perbuatan pidana yang dilakukan. Namun dalam implementasinya tiga putusan tidak seluruhnya berlandaskan aturan hukum yang berlaku, termasuk mendasarkan putusan pada ketentuan dalam UU PNPSÂ Nomor 1 Tahun 1965 tentang Pencegahan dan atau Penodaan Agama, tetapi mengadopsi sumber hukum tidak tertulis dari Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia. Implementasi lainnya ialah dalam kasus penodaan agama yang ramai di tingkat masyarakat cenderung diikuti hukuman amat berat kepada para pelaku. Kedua,penodaan agama tidak disebutkan secara rinci dalam literatur hukum Islam. Jika pelaku penodaan seorang Muslim, hukum Islam cenderung menyebut pelaku sebagai kafir. Sementara jika pelaku seorang non-Muslim, seorang tidak bisa dimasukkan ke dalam kategori murtad (riddah). Kategorisasi sebagai kafir tidak lantas menjadikan Muslim dihukum jarimah had (hudud). Oleh karena itu, pidana takzir bisa menjadi hukuman alternatif yang bisa diterapkan kepada para pelaku penodaan agama, baik Muslim maupun non-Muslim

Dimensi Ekonomi Politik dalam Konflik Perebutan Sumber Kekuasaan Arab Islam Khoirul Anwar; Nazar Nurdin; Muslich Shabir
Tashwirul Afkar Vol. 39 No. 2 (2020): December 2020
Publisher : Lembaga Kajian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Manusia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51716/ta.v38i02.22

Abstrak Tulisan ini menganalisis upaya Nabi Muhammad Saw. dalam mewujudkan peradaban Islam dengan merebut sumber ekonomi dan komunitas dari penguasa Arab pra-Islam. Upaya Nabi Muhammad Saw. yang berhasil melangkahi aristokrat Mekkah (Bani Umayyah) menunjukkan bahwa Nabi Muhammad SAW tidak hanya mengajarkan agama tauhid, namun mempelajari setting sosial ekonomi-politik masyarakat pra Islam. Paper ini adalah riset kualitatif yang bersumber dari data literatur yang dianalisis dengan metode sosio-historis interpretatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedatangan Islam di Jazirah Arab mengubah struktur ekonomi masyarakat Islam, khususnya Mekkah. Sumber ekonomi dari kegiatan bisnis berubah menjadi kegiatan militer. Perebutan sumber ekonomi dilakukan dengan cara peperangan. Perubahan cara dalam mengalahkan sumber ekonomi dilatarbelakangi oleh kekalahan bisnis Bani Hasyim dari Bani Umayyah. Nabi Muhammad Saw. semula dibenci kaum Arab (Mekkah) karena berpotensi mengganggu sumber ekonomi Arab pra Islam, lalu dielu-elukan karena berhasil mendatangkan sumber keuangan baru yang lebih mudah melalui jalan jajahan. Abstract This paper examines the efforts of the prophet Muhammad Saw. in realizing Islamic civilization by way of seizing economic and community resources from pre-Islamic Arab rulers. The efforts of the Prophet that successfully bypassed the Meccan aristocracy (Bani Umayyah) indicated that he was not only teach Muslims about monotheism, but also studying the socio-economic-political setting of pre-Islamic societies. This paper employs a qualitative research. The sources of data are taken from the study of literature, then is analized through interpretative socio-historical methods. The Data analysis has been presented descriptively. This research found that the arrival of Islam in the Arabian Peninsula has changed the economic structure of Islamic societies, especially in Mecca. The economic resources of business activities have turned into the military activities. The seizure of economic resource was carried out by war. The changes in the way of defeating economic resources, due to the defeat of Bani Hasyim’s business from Bani Umayyah. The Prophet Muhammad Saw. was initially confronted by the Arabs (in Mecca) because of his potentials to disrupt the pre-Islamic Arab economic resources, but then he was hailed for successfully bringing some new financial resources that were much easier through the colony.

DELIK PENODAAN AGAMA ISLAM DI INDONESIA Nazar Nurdin
International Journal Ihya' 'Ulum al-Din Vol 19, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Walisongo Semarang, Indonesia

Criminal Law and Article 27-28 of the Law on Information and Electronic Transactions constitute a legal instrument to ensnare a perpetrator of religious blasphemy. This article is a legal research with a normative-empirical approach. The findings indicate that: first, judges' consideration in the case of defamation of Islam contained in the decision Number: 80 / Pid.B / 2015 / PN Bna, Number: 10 / Pid.Sus / 2013 / PN.Pt and Number: 06 / Pid.B / 2011 / PN.TMG is more looking at the impact of criminal acts committed. However, in its implementation the three decisions are not entirely based on the applicable law rules, including the decision based on the provisions in Law No. 1 of 1965 on Prevention and or Defamation of Religion, but adopted an unwritten source of law from the Fatwa of Indonesian Council of Ulama. Another implementation is in the case of religious blasphemy at the community level tended to be followed by very severe punishment to the perpetrators. Secondly, religious blasphemy is not mentioned in detail in Islamic legal literature. If the perpetrators of desecration of a Muslim, Islamic law tend to refer to the perpetrators as kafir. Whereas if the perpetrator is a non-Muslim, one cannot be included in the category of apostasy (riddah). Categorization as a kafir does not necessarily make the Muslims punished jarimah had (hudud). Therefore, punishment takzir can be an alternative punishment that can be applied to the perpetrators of religious blasphemy, both Muslims and non-Muslims---Tindak pidana penodaan agama yang termanifestasikan dalam pasal 156a Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana dan pasal 27-28 UU Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik merupakan satu instrumen hukum untuk menjerat seorang pelaku penistaan agama. Artikel ini merupakan penelitian hukum dengan pendekatan normatif-empiris. Hasil temuan menunjukkan bahwa: pertama, pertimbangan majelis hakim dalam perkara penodaan agama Islam yang termuat dalam putusan Nomor: 80/Pid.B/2015/PN Bna, Nomor: 10/Pid.Sus/2013/PN.Pt dan Nomor: 06/Pid.B/2011/PN.TMG lebih melihat kepada dampak yang ditimbulkan dari perbuatan pidana yang dilakukan. Namun dalam implementasinya tiga putusan tidak seluruhnya berlandaskan aturan hukum yang berlaku, termasuk mendasarkan putusan pada ketentuan dalam UU PNPS Nomor 1 Tahun 1965 tentang Pencegahan dan atau Penodaan Agama, tetapi mengadopsi sumber hukum tidak tertulis dari Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia. Implementasi lainnya ialah dalam kasus penodaan agama yang ramai di tingkat masyarakat cenderung diikuti hukuman amat berat kepada para pelaku. Kedua,penodaan agama tidak disebutkan secara rinci dalam literatur hukum Islam. Jika pelaku penodaan seorang Muslim, hukum Islam cenderung menyebut pelaku sebagai kafir. Sementara jika pelaku seorang non-Muslim, seorang tidak bisa dimasukkan ke dalam kategori murtad (riddah). Kategorisasi sebagai kafir tidak lantas menjadikan Muslim dihukum jarimah had (hudud). Oleh karena itu, pidana takzir bisa menjadi hukuman alternatif yang bisa diterapkan kepada para pelaku penodaan agama, baik Muslim maupun non-Muslim

NU dan Sumbangan Untuk Indonesia (Argumen-Argumen Ideologis Tentang Pidana Mati Pelaku Korupsi) Nazar Nurdin; Abu Hapsin
Iqtisad: Reconstruction of Justice and Welfare for Indonesia Vol 7, No 2 (2020): Jurnal Iqtisad
Publisher : Universitas Wahid Hasyim Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31942/iq.v7i2.3245

Tujuan penulisan artikel untuk mengulas pendapat Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) tentang pidana mati bagi pelaku korupsi. Pada Musyawarah Nasional (Mubes) dan Konferensi Besar (Konbes) tahun 2012, para ahli hukum NU mencapai kesepakatan tentang kebolehan pelaku korupsi dijatuhi hukuman mati. Perbuatan korupsi tidak dikategorisasi sebagai hudud maupun kisas, melainkan takzir. Pendapat hukum tentang pidana mati diperbolehkan jika itu hukuman terakhir dan sesuai prinsip-prinsip kemaslahatan. Artikel ditulis dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Data utama adalah dokumen fatwa hasil sidang Mubes dan Konbes NU tahun 2012. Data dilakukan pengolahan, kompilasi dengan data pendukung lain, serta dilakukan analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa argumen-argumen ideologis tentang kebolehan pidana mati bagi pelaku korupsi melalui jalan takzir. Pidana mati yang dijatuhkan kepada pelaku korupsi diilhaqkan dengan hukum hirabah. NU berpendapat bahwa pidana mati diharapkan menjadi efek jera bagi siapa saja yang melakukan praktik korupsi. Fatwa ini setidaknya menunjukkan bahwa NU berani mengambil resiko dengan mencari dasar-dasar argumentasi hukum agama terkait hukuman maksimal, serta mendorong aparat pemerintah berani menjatuhkan hukuman yang berat bagi pelaku korupsi. Keyword: Korupsi; Pidana Mati; Nahdlatul Ulama; Takzir. Abstract The purpose of writing an article is to review the opinion of the Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) regarding the death penalty for corruption perpetrators. At the 2012 National Deliberation (Mubes) and Grand Conference (Konbes), NU legal experts reached an agreement on allowing corruption offenders to be sentenced to death. Corruption is not categorized as hudud or kisas, but takzir. The legal opinion regarding the death penalty is permissible if it is the final sentence and is in accordance with the principles of maslahat. Articles written with a qualitative descriptive approach. The main data is the fatwa document from the 2012 meeting of the Mubes and Konbes NU. The data is processed, compiled with other supporting data, and analysis is carried out. The result of the research shows that ideological arguments about the permissibility of capital punishment for corruptors take the takzir way. The death penalty imposed on the perpetrators corruption is related to the law of hirabah. NU is of the opinion that the death penalty is expected to be a deterrent effect for anyone who practices corruption. This fatwa at least shows that NU is brave enough to take risks by looking for the basis of religious law arguments regarding the maximum punishment, and encourages government officials to have the courage to impose harsh penalties for corruption perpetrators. Keyword: Corruption; Death Penalty; Nahdlatul Ulama; Takzir.

Analisa Model dan Tipologi Kasus Korupsi Raskin di Pengadilan Tindak Pidana Korupsi Semarang Nazar Nurdin; Bahrul Fawaid
Qistie Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol 14, No 1 (2021): Qistie : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Wahid Hasyim

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31942/jqi.v14i1.4490

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui model dan tipologi penanganan kasus korupsi beras untuk rumah tangga miskin (Raskin) yang disidangkan di Pengadilan Tindak Pidana Korupsi Semarang pada tahun 2012 dan 2013. Secara khusus, ada tiga contoh kasus yang disorot publik yang kala itu menjerat para kepala desa yaitu di Kabupaten Grobogan, Kabupaten Brebes dan Kabupaten Pekalongan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawacara kepada sejumlah informan. Semua data baik primer, sekunder, dan tambahan lainnya dikumpulkan, diolah lalu analisis data menjadi satu kesimpulan. Bantuan Raskin merupakan program pemerintah untuk menanggulangi ketahanan pangan warganya. Pada tahun tersebut, pemerintah menjual Rp 1.600 perkilo yang kemudian didistribusikan ke masyarakat miskin. Di sinilah para oknum kepala desa bermain dengan menaikkan harga jual, hingga menyunat jumlah beras yang diterima. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada lima faktor yang menyebabkan para kepala desa terjerat kasus ini. Lima faktor ini adalah warisan pemerintahan sebelumnya, kebutuhan pribadi, pengalihan untuk acara adat, politik desa dan faktor administrasi

Presumption of Innocence Against Criminal Offenders in the Police: A Critical Study Oktavia Wulandari; Ali Imron; Briliyan Ernawati; Nazar Nurdin
Walisongo Law Review (Walrev) Vol 2, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/walrev.2020.2.1.5506

The purpose of this paper is to conduct a critical study of the application of the presumption of innocence to the perpetrators of criminal acts (suspects) investigated by the police. Implementation of the principle is important to study because the suspect must not be considered guilty before the criminal act is proven. A review of this case was carried out at the Kendal Police Department in mid-2019-2020. Writing texts are written with a normative-empirical approach. The non-doctrinal approach was chosen because it can clearly examine the application of the principle of presumption of innocence in more depth. Therefore, the author considers it necessary to carefully examine the application of these principles in the process of law enforcement at the police level. The results showed that the application of the principle of presumption of innocence in the Kendal Police Department was not optimal, because some of its applications were colored by threats and acts of violence. The suboptimal application of this principle is influenced by various factors, including the lack of legal knowledge of suspects and threats and acts of violence that are not reported. As we know the presumption of innocence is a fundamental principle in the criminal justice system, where a person must be positioned innocent before his guilt is proven in an honest and open trial.

TRADISI PERLAWANAN KULTURAL MASYARAKAT SAMIN Nazar Nurdin; Ubbadul Adzkiya'
Jurnal Sosiologi Agama Vol 15, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Program Studi Sosiologi Agama Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/jsa.2021.151-05

Artikel ini berusaha memotret strategi resistensi masyarakat Samin Kudus terhadap dominasi mayoritas dan penguasa. Komunitas Samin hidup dalam kondisi yang terpinggirkan. Di satu sisi, mereka membayar pajak pada negara. Pada sisi lain, keberadaan mereka masih terstigma sebagai kelompok yang terus melakukan perlawanan. Stigma perlawanan misalnya keengganan mengikuti program kawin massal. Penelitian ini menggunakan pola deskriptif-kualitatif. Data bersumber lapangan dan pustaka. Setelah data terkumpul, dilakukan analisis data, kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, perlawanan yang dilakukan masyarakat Samin Kudus didorong karena stigma negatif sebagai kelompok yang menolak program pembangunan negara. Samin Kudus berusaha melawan stigma dan dominasi mayoritas dengan strategi resistensi tertutup sebagaimana teori James Scott. Samin Kudus melakukan resistensi tertutup bukan untuk mengubah sistem yang dominan, melainkan untuk bertahan hidup dalam sistem. Dalam perkembangannya, strategi resistensi tertutup menjadi terbuka. Strategi tertutup ke terbuka dimulai dari kemampuan mereka merespon perubahan, dengan memulai dari belajar menulis, memahami persoalan administrasi kependudukan, hingga membangun gerakan dengan berlandaskan badan hukum. Setelah strategi ini digunakan, Samin Kudus diakui oleh mayoritas dan penguasa serta diberikan fasilitas untuk mengelola komunitasnya sendiri. This article attempted to portray the resistance strategy of Samin Kudus society to the domination of the majority and rulers. The Samin community lived in marginalized conditions. They pay taxes to the state, but on the other hand, their existence is still stigmatized as a group that continues to fight, like reluctance to participate in mass marriage programs. This study used a descriptive-qualitative pattern. Data sourced from the field and library. After the data was collected, data analysis was carried out, then analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the resistance carried out by the people of Samin Kudus was encouraged because of the negative stigma as a group rejecting development programs. Samin Kudus tried to fight the stigma and domination of the majority with a closed resistance strategy as in James Scott's theory. Samin Kudus did a closed resistance not to change the dominant system, but to survive in the system. In its development, the closed resistance strategy becomes open. The closed-to-open strategy starts from their ability to respond to change, by starting from learning to write, understanding population administration issues, building a movement based on legal entities. After this strategy was used, Samin Kudus was recognized by the majority and authorities and given the facility to manage its own community.

Diat and Peace Money in the Crime of Culpable Homicide Abu Hapsin; Nazar Nurdin
Al-Ahkam Vol 32, No 2 (2022): October
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia and Law, Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Walisongo Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/ahkam.2022.32.2.12413

Islamic Law and Indonesian Criminal Law place compensation as an essential part of criminal liability. The fundamental difference is that compensation is primary in Islamic law, while positive law is an alternative. This paper examines and compares the application of the theory of diat and compensation in the crime of culpable homicide. The writing is framed with a normative-empirical approach, with data sources from books and court decisions. The results of the study show three things: First, diat and peace are different conceptions. Diat refers to property given in exchange for a slain soul, while peace is given as a compensation fee and as an effort to forgive. Second, the amount of compensation in the diat is regulated in detail with a certain nominal. At the same time, positive law is an agreement considering the perpetrator's ability. Third, compensation in the diat is an inspiration for developing legal theories such as restitutive justice, which emphasizes the importance of forgiveness and reconciliation between two parties. Research suggestions so that the diat theory can be developed into modern law so that it can be an inspiration for lawmakers so that in its application, the diat theory can be a reason for the abolition of crimes, not limited to leniency.

PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP INFLUENCER ATAS KORBAN TINDAK PIDANA CYBERBULLYING PADA MEDIA SOSIAL INSTAGRAM Herlina Aprilia; Abu Hapsin; Nazar Nurdin
JURNAL ILMIAH HUKUM DAN DINAMIKA MASYARAKAT Vol 21, No 2 (2023): HUKUM DAN DINAMIKA MASYARAKAT
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas 17 Agustus (UNTAG) Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56444/hdm.v21i2.4220

The influence of the development of technology and information in Indonesia has become a double-edged sword. On the one hand, it provides welfare and benefits to the people who use it; on the other hand, at the same time, it also creates crime. Crime in the field of technology that often occurs is cyberbullying, a term used based on bullying behaviour in cyberspace. The research aims to analyse legal protection for cyberbullying victims by netizens towards Instagram influencers. This research was conducted using the normative-empirical method, namely the implementation of normative legal provisions and legal events in society. The study results show that, first, legal protection for victims of cyberbullying has been included in statutory regulations. Second, legal protection can be obtained through institutions, and there are prevention efforts as a form of victim protection. Therefore, conceptually, legal protection for victims can be done through various means, such as by implementing laws and institutions

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