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All Journal JURNAL PENDIDIKAN TAMBUSAI Business, Economics and Entrepreneurship Infotech: Journal of Technology Information Annals of Management and Organization Research Mattawang: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Dynamic Management Journal International Journal of Management Science and Information Technology (IJMSIT) ProBisnis : Jurnal Manajemen Jurnal Ekonomi Trisakti Media Riset Bisnis & Manajemen Cerdika: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia Dirkantara Indonesia
Arnolt Kristian Pakpahan, Arnolt Kristian
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Humanities Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Health Professions Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Public Health Social Sciences Other

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ROA Banking Profitability in the Digital Era: Analysis of Financial Performance and Macroeconomic Factors in Indonesia Chandra, Kristian; Angelina , Angelina; Pakpahan, Arnolt Kristian; Nilawati, Yuana Jatu
Annals of Management and Organization Research Vol. 7 No. 4 (2026): May
Publisher : goodwood publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35912/amor.v7i4.3889

Abstract

Purpose: This study examines the impact of bank-specific factors, digitalization, and macroeconomic variables on profitability in Indonesia, measured by ROA and ROE. It focuses on how internal factors like NPL, LLP, CIR, digitalization, and CSR, along with external factors such as inflation, currency risk, and economic growth, affect bank financial performance. Methodology: This study employs panel data regression with a fixed effects model using data from 41 banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2019 to 2023. A total of 205 observations were analyzed using EViews 12. Model selection was conducted using Chow and Hausman tests to determine the most appropriate estimation method. Results: The findings reveal that NPL and efficiency management (CIR) negatively affect ROA and ROE, showing that credit quality and operational efficiency are key profitability determinants. LLP and CSR positively impact profitability, indicating that prudent risk provisioning and social responsibility initiatives improve financial performance. Digitalization does not significantly impact profitability. Among macroeconomic variables, inflation and currency risk affect ROA, while economic growth influences ROE. Conclusions: This study highlights that internal risk management and operational efficiency remain the primary drivers of bank profitability, while the financial benefits of digitalization may require longer-term implementation and strategic alignment. Limitations: The measurement of digitalization is limited to ATM infrastructure and may not fully capture the broader digital banking innovations. Contributions: This study contributes to the banking literature by integrating digitalization, CSR, and macroeconomic variables into a unified panel data model to explain Indonesian banking profitability.
Co-Authors Abubakar Arief Alvito Bastanta Angelina , Angelina Anggraeni , Dewi Anindita, Rangga Anung Aprilian, Dian Rahayu Apriliani, Dian Rahayu Aqamal Haq Ayu Ekasari Azzahra, Aisyah Bimo, Charisma Aryo Dizar , Shafrani Febria Nalurita Ginting, Christian Ezra Yeheskiel Harahap, Cicely Delfina Islami, Danang Kinanthi, Sekar Kristian Chandra Kurniawan, Aziza Idris Lunarindiah, Gatri M. Yogi Riyantama Isjoni Magetsari, Ovy Noviati Nuraini Mandala Putra, Muhammad Ryan Satya Nilawati , Yuana Jatu Nurhidayah, Anisa Fitri Pratomo , Luki Adiati Ramadani Reinaldy, Muhamad Genta Rihliani, Nihla Rusli, Muhammad Khasbara Setiawan, Verrel Rhein Indra Sri Vandayuli Riorini Sumantri, Drajat Roni Sumardyo, Steven Syifa, Kamiliya Tarigan , Alvito Basnanta Wahyuni, Lidia Yuana Jatu Nilawati