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Narasi Moderasi Beragama dalam Naskah Serat Carub Kandha Agus Iswanto; Nurhata; Asep Saefullah
Jurnal Lektur Keagamaan Vol 19 No 1 (2021): Jurnal Lektur Keagamaan Vol. 19 No. 1 Tahun 2021
Publisher : Center for Research and Development of Religious Literature and Heritage, Agency for Research and Development and Training, Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia

A number of traditional historiographies are narrated in manuscripts from Cirebon, not a few that mention religious moderation. However, the babad manuscripts tend to change their perspective when it enters the Colonialism era. The narrative of tolerance between ethnic groups or between religions was experiencing serious friction. There is a manuscript that comes from the Cirebon tradition, which narrates implicitly about religious moderation in the early eras of the development of Islam and the port cities, namely Serat Carub Kandha. This article discusses three issues related to religious moderation in Serat Carub Kandha, namely: (1) the context behind the writing and copying of the Serat Carub Kandha manuscript; (2) the narrative of religious moderation in the Serat Carub Kandha; (3) Its relevance for current religious life in Indonesia. The source that was used as the primary material for the research was the Serat Carub Kandha manuscript, the collection of Rafan Hasyim in Cirebon, written by Pegon. With a philological and hermeneutic approach, this article shows that the Serat Carub Kandha manuscript is historical evidence and collective memory of the practice of religious moderation in Indonesia's past, especially on the north coast of West Java. The moderation narrative that has emerged is about respecting other religions, accommodating local culture, and anti-violence. Keywords: Babad manuscripts, Cirebon, religious moderation, Serat Carub Kandha Sejumlah historiografi tradisional yang dinarasikan dalam naskah-naskah (manuscripts) asal Cirebon, tidak sedikit yang menyinggung tentang moderasi beragama. Namun demikian, kecenderungan naskah babad mengalami pergeseran perspektif ketika memasuki era kolonialisme bangsa-bangsa Eropa. Narasi toleransi antar suku bangsa atau antar agama mengalami gesekan serius. Terdapat sebuah naskah yang berasal dari tradisi Cirebon, yang menarasikan secara implisit tentang moderasi beragama pada era-era awal perkembangan Islam dan kota-kota pelabuhan, yaitu Serat Carub Kandha. Artikel ini membahas tiga masalah terkait dengan moderasi beragama dalam Serat Carub Kandha, yakni: (1) konteks yang melatari penulisan dan penyalinan naskah Serat Carub Kandha; (2) narasi moderasi beragama dalam naskah Serat Carub Kandha; (3) Relevansinya bagi kehidupan beragama saat ini di Indonesia. Sumber yang dijadikan bahan primer penelitian adalah naskah Serat Carub Kandha koleksi Rafan Hasyim di Cirebon dalam tulisan Pegon. Dengan pendekatan filologis dan hermenutik, artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa Naskah Serat Carub Kandha menjadi bukti historis dan memori kolektif tentang praktik moderasi beragama di masa lalu Indonesia, khususnya di kawasan pesisir utara Jawa Barat. Narasi moderasi yang mengemuka adalah tentang sikap menghargai agama lain, akomodatif terhadap kebudayaan lokal, dan anti kekerasan. Kata kunci: Cirebon, manuskrip Babad, moderasi beragama, Serat Carub Kandha

Narasi Moderasi Beragama dalam Naskah Serat Carub Kandha Agus Iswanto; Nurhata; Asep Saefullah
Jurnal Lektur Keagamaan Vol 19 No 1 (2021): Jurnal Lektur Keagamaan Vol. 19 No. 1 Tahun 2021
Publisher : Center for Research and Development of Religious Literature and Heritage, Agency for Research and Development and Training, Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia

A number of traditional historiographies are narrated in manuscripts from Cirebon, not a few that mention religious moderation. However, the babad manuscripts tend to change their perspective when it enters the Colonialism era. The narrative of tolerance between ethnic groups or between religions was experiencing serious friction. There is a manuscript that comes from the Cirebon tradition, which narrates implicitly about religious moderation in the early eras of the development of Islam and the port cities, namely Serat Carub Kandha. This article discusses three issues related to religious moderation in Serat Carub Kandha, namely: (1) the context behind the writing and copying of the Serat Carub Kandha manuscript; (2) the narrative of religious moderation in the Serat Carub Kandha; (3) Its relevance for current religious life in Indonesia. The source that was used as the primary material for the research was the Serat Carub Kandha manuscript, the collection of Rafan Hasyim in Cirebon, written by Pegon. With a philological and hermeneutic approach, this article shows that the Serat Carub Kandha manuscript is historical evidence and collective memory of the practice of religious moderation in Indonesia's past, especially on the north coast of West Java. The moderation narrative that has emerged is about respecting other religions, accommodating local culture, and anti-violence. Keywords: Babad manuscripts, Cirebon, religious moderation, Serat Carub Kandha Sejumlah historiografi tradisional yang dinarasikan dalam naskah-naskah (manuscripts) asal Cirebon, tidak sedikit yang menyinggung tentang moderasi beragama. Namun demikian, kecenderungan naskah babad mengalami pergeseran perspektif ketika memasuki era kolonialisme bangsa-bangsa Eropa. Narasi toleransi antar suku bangsa atau antar agama mengalami gesekan serius. Terdapat sebuah naskah yang berasal dari tradisi Cirebon, yang menarasikan secara implisit tentang moderasi beragama pada era-era awal perkembangan Islam dan kota-kota pelabuhan, yaitu Serat Carub Kandha. Artikel ini membahas tiga masalah terkait dengan moderasi beragama dalam Serat Carub Kandha, yakni: (1) konteks yang melatari penulisan dan penyalinan naskah Serat Carub Kandha; (2) narasi moderasi beragama dalam naskah Serat Carub Kandha; (3) Relevansinya bagi kehidupan beragama saat ini di Indonesia. Sumber yang dijadikan bahan primer penelitian adalah naskah Serat Carub Kandha koleksi Rafan Hasyim di Cirebon dalam tulisan Pegon. Dengan pendekatan filologis dan hermenutik, artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa Naskah Serat Carub Kandha menjadi bukti historis dan memori kolektif tentang praktik moderasi beragama di masa lalu Indonesia, khususnya di kawasan pesisir utara Jawa Barat. Narasi moderasi yang mengemuka adalah tentang sikap menghargai agama lain, akomodatif terhadap kebudayaan lokal, dan anti kekerasan. Kata kunci: Cirebon, manuskrip Babad, moderasi beragama, Serat Carub Kandha

Aspek Rasm, Tanda Baca, dan Kaligrafi pada Mushaf-mushaf Kuno Koleksi Bayt Al-Qur'an & Museum Istiqlal, Jakarta Asep Saefullah
SUHUF Vol 1 No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Lajnah Pentashihan Mushaf Al-Qur'an

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22548/shf.v1i1.136

To some extend, this writing is a library research. However, the primary sources is the ancient manuscripts (Qur'anic manuscripts) in the collection of Bayt Al-Qurâ€™an & Museum Istiqlal, Jakarta. Some philological steps are used, in particular in the case of making inventory and manuscript description. This writing is an effort to observe and to analize some aspects of that ancient manuscript. Those aspects are as follow: (a) the aspect called rasm or the writing being used to rewrite and copy the manuscript; (b) reading symbols which consist of tajwid (the grammar of reading the Qur'an) and the sign of stopping the reading; and (c) calligraphy or khat (the art of Arabic writing). Considering that this kind of research is still rare, it is worth noting that this writing is still at the preliminary stage.

Masjid Kasunyatan Banten: Tinjauan Sejarah dan Arsitektur Saefullah, Asep
Jurnal Lektur Keagamaan Vol 16 No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Center for Research and Development of Religious Literature and Heritage, Agency for Research and Development and Training, Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia

Kasunyatan Mosque is one of the historic ancient mosques in Banten. Its existence is less popular than Masjid Agung (the Great Mosque) of Banten in Banten Lama, although both are one of the religious tourism destinations for Indonesian people. At the time of the Sultan (Shaykh) Maulana Yusuf, the second Sultan of the Sultanate of Banten, ruled between 1570-1780 AD, Kasunyatan Mosque is well known as a center of religious and scientific activities other than the Keraton Surosowan and Banten Lama. Across this mosque there is the Tomb of Sultan (Shaykh) Maulana Yusuf which is crowded by the public. This research paper endeavors to describe of how Kasunyatan Mosque in Banten as one of historic places of worship. The research uses historical and architectural approach in understanding and analysing data. Based on this research, it is understood that the Kasunyatan Mosque shows its ancient features in its rectangular shape, solid or massive foundations, thick walls, short mihrab, and pulpits and the Friday sermons in the form of a double-edged sword. Although it has renovated and improved, but the original structure remains visible and its authenticity is maintained. On the southwest side there is also a massive tower, as one of the hallmarks of ancient tower buildings. One of the legacies that is still passed by the present generation is in caseÂ of educative and religious functionÂ of the mosque itself as a center of religious teaching and learning in which the Madrasah DiniyahÂ (religious School) and regular religious study (majlis taklim) is built and being carried out up to now, besides enabling for other religious activities and ceremonies such as regular religious teaching, the commemoration of Islamic Memorial Days such as Mawlid an-Nabi (Celebrating Prophet Muhammad's Birthday), Isra Miâ€™raj, Orphans Benefit, and also the haul of Shaykh Maulana Yusuf.Keywords: Kasunyatan, Ancient Mosque, Banten, Maulana Yusuf, Architecture, historical and architectural perspective Â Masjid Kasunyatan merupakan salah satu masjid kuno bersejarah di Banten. Keberadaannya kurang popular dibandingkan dengan Masjid Agung Banten di Banten Lama, meskipun dua-duanya merupakan salah satu tujuan wisata religi bagi sebagian masyarakan Indonesia. Pada masa Sultan (Syekh) Maulana Yusuf, sultan kedua dari Kesultanan Banten, berkuasa antara 1570-1780 M., Masjid Kasunyatan dikenal sebagai pusat kegiatan keagamaan dan keilmuan selain di sekitar Keraton Surosowan dan Banten Lama. Di seberang masjid ini terdapat Makan Sultan (Syekh) Maulana Yusuf tersebut yang ramai diziarahi masyarakat. Berdasarkan penelusuran, Masjid Kasunyatan memperlihatkan ciri-ciri kekunoannya pada bentuknya yang segi empat, fondasi padat atau massif, dinding tebal, mihrab pendek, dan mimbar serta tongkat khotib Jum'at berupa pedang bermata dua. Meskipun telah mengalami perbaikan, tetapi struktur aslinya tetap terlihat dan keasliannya dipertahankan. Di sisi sebelah barat daya terdapat juga menara yang massif, sebagai salah satu ciri bangunan menara kuno. Salah satu peninggalannya yang tetap diteruskan oleh generasi sekarang adalah dalam hal pemeranan fungsi pendidikan dan keagamaan, dimana Madrasah Diniyah dan pengajian rutin dibangun dan diselenggarakan, selain untuk pelaksanaan berbagai acara kegiatan keagamaan seperti peringatan hari-hari besar keagamaan, seperti Maulid Nabi Muhammad Saw., Isra Mikraj, Santunan Anak Yatim, dan juga acara haul Syekh Maulana Yusuf.Kata Kunci: Kasunyatan, Masjid Kuno, Banten, Maulana Yusuf, Arsitektur

The Tradition of Religious Books (Kitabs) Printing: Case Study of the Production and Reproduction of Religious Books (Kitabs) in Cianjur and Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia Saefullah, Asep
Jurnal Lektur Keagamaan Vol 17 No 2 (2019): Jurnal Lektur Keagamaan Vol. 17 No. 2 Tahun 2019
Publisher : Center for Research and Development of Religious Literature and Heritage, Agency for Research and Development and Training, Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia

Tulisan ini membahas fenomena penyebaran kitab-kitab cetak keagaÂmaan di Jawa Barat, khususnya di Sukabumi dan Cianjur. Jenis kitab ini biasanya menggunakan tulisan Arab dengan bahasa Sunda dan mengguÂnakan aksara Pegon. Kitab-kitab cetak dari jenis-jenis itu diproduksi dan direproduksi, dan masih digunakan sampai hari ini. Oleh karena itu, fenomena ini dapat disebut sebagai â€œliving traditionâ€. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan melacak dan merekam kitab-kitab yang diproduksi (disalin atau dikarang) dan direproduksi (dicetak atau digandakan) dengan metode sederÂhana, yakni fotocopi dan pencetakan tradisional seperti stensil, sablon, dan "cetak toko". Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memetakan dan merevisi kategorisasi kitab-kitab tersebut dari kajian terdahulu berdasarkan jenis karya, seperti karangan asli, tuqilan, terjemahan, syará¸¥ (penjelasan), khulasah (ringkasan) yang lain, dan juga berdasarkan bahasa dan aksara yang digunakan. Selain itu, tulisan ini juga mengamati lembaga-lembaga atau individu-individu yang masih mereproduksi buku-buku (kitab-kitab) keagamaan sederhana seperti perusahaan percetakan atau pesantren yang menerbitkan kitab-kitab tersebut. Pada akhir artikel ini, ada beberapa saran dalam upaya untuk melestarikan kitab-kitab cetak dan karya-karya tersebut.Kata kunci: kitab, jenis karya, pencetakan tradisional, Sunda, Pegon, Jawa BaratÂ This paper discusses the phenomenon of the spreading of religious printed books (kitabs) in West Java, especially in Sukabumi and Cianjur, which are characterized by the use of Arabic writing in Sundanese (or known as Pegon script). The printed books (Kitabs) of those types are produced and reproduced, and are still used to this day. Therefore, this phenomenon can be called as a â€œliving traditionâ€. Data collection was conducted by tracing and recording religious books (kitabs) that are pro-duced (rewritten or compossed) and reproduced (printed or duplicated) with a simple method, known as photocopying and traditional printing such as stencils, screen printing, and â€œshop printingâ€. This paper aims to map and revise the categorization of these Kitabs from previous studies based on the types of works including original essays, tuqilan (quotations), translation, sharh (explanation), khulaá¹£ah (summary), or the other, and also based on the language and the script used. In addition, this paper also observes the institutions or individuals that are still reproducing these printed religious books such as the printing company or pesantren that publish such kitabs. At the end of this article, there are some suggestions in attempts to preserve those printed kitabs and the works.Keywords: Kitabs, type of work, traditional printing, Sunda, Pegon, West Java

TRADISI ZIARAH DI MAKAM KIAI AGENG MUHAMMAD BESARI TEGALSARI, PONOROGO, JAWA TIMUR Saefullah, Asep; Cahyadi, Indrawan
Jurnal Lektur Keagamaan Vol 21 No 1 (2023): Jurnal Lektur Keagamaan Vol. 21 No. 1 Tahun 2023
Publisher : Center for Research and Development of Religious Literature and Heritage, Agency for Research and Development and Training, Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31291/jlka.v21i1.1078

ABSTRACT This article describes the pilgrimage tradition at the Tomb of Kyai Ageng Muhammad Besari in Ponorogo, East Java. The article aims to reveal the figure of Kyai Ageng Muhammad Besari and its role in Ponorogo, and the form of rituals and motivations of pilgrims. Further, it explores the aspect of religious tourism of this tomb and how it could be related to the strengthening of national identity. The study employed qualitative design. The data was collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The study results show that the tradition of pilgrimage of the tomb of Kyai Ageng Muhammad Besar has ritual and social aspects; the motivations of pilgrims are based on: mystical beliefs, worship, appreciation of ulama, and simply grave pilgrimage (ziarah kubur). This study enriches the literature on the religious tourism and socio-religious practice of the local people by visiting the grave of pious figures. Keywords: Pilgrimage Tradition, Religious Tourism, National Identity, Muhammad Besari, Tegalsari. ABSTRAK Artikel ini mengkaji tradisi ziarah Makam Kiai Ageng Muhammad Besari. Tujuannya untuk mengungkap figur Kiai Ageng Muhammad Besari dan peranannya di Ponorogo, bentuk ritual dan motivasi para ziarah. Di samping itu, artikel ini akan mengungkap potensi pengemabangan wisata religi di Makam Kiai Ageng Muhammad Besari, baik situsnya sendiri maupun ekonomi rakyat. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa tradisi ziarah makam Kiai Ageng Muhammad Besar memiliki aspek ritual dan social; motivasi peziarah antara lain karena kepercayaan mistis, ibadah, apresiasi kepada ulama, dan sekadar ziarah kubur. Kata Kunci : Tradisi Ziarah, Wisata Religi, Identitas Nasional, Muhammad Besari, Tegalsari

MODEL PELESTARIAN WARISAN BUDAYA, KONSERVASI LINGKUNGAN, DAN PEMAJUAN KEBUDAYAAN: STUDI ATAS SITUS TAMAN PURBAKALA CIPARI KUNINGAN Saefullah, Asep; Syibromalisi, Arif; Burhanudin, Dede
Journal of Religious Policy Vol. 2 No. 2 (2023): Juli-Desember 2023
Publisher : The Ministry of Religious Affairs, The Republic of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31330/repo.v2i2.35

Tulisan ini membahas kontribusi pelestarian warisan budaya dan konservasi lingkungan bagi pemajuan kebudayaan dan penguatan karakter masyarakat. Dalam hal kebijakan agama, tulisan ini mengangkat tentang kesalihan sosial dalam memakmurkan bumi, yaitu pemanfaatannya, penjagaannya, dan pelestariannya untuk generasi yang akan datang. Keselarasan agama dan budaya dalam konteks pelestarian lingkungan juga termasuk bahasan dalam artikel ini. Objek kajiannya adalah Situs Taman Purbakala Cipari, Cigugur, Kuningan, Jawa Barat. Fokus kajian meliputi nilai-nilai budaya, praktik tradisional, dan upaya konservasi lingkungan yang melibatkan masyarakat lokal. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif. Data dikumpulan melalui studi pustaka dan observasi. Dalam analisis digunakan teori ekologi budaya dan konstruksi sosial. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat di sekitar Situs Taman Purbakala Cipari memiliki kearifan lokal dalam pelestarian lingkungan, seperti praktik pertanian ramah lingkungan (PRL) dan pengelolaan sumber daya alam secara berkelanjutan. Nilai-nilai ini tercermin pada pembagian hutan, aturan adat pengelolaan hutan, pengelolaan air dan sampah dengan konsep reuse, reduce, dan recycle (3R). Hubungan antara pelestarian warisan budaya dan konservasi lingkungan sangat signifikan dalam menjaga keberlanjutan dan identitas masyarakat, juga berkontribusi pada pemajuan kebudayaan. Pengetahuan lokal, praktik tradisional, dan nilai-nilai budaya merupakan dasar yang kuat bagi pelestarian lingkungan yang berkelanjutan dan meningkatkan kesadaran akan pentingnya pelestarian lingkungan. Interaksi yang harmonis antara budaya dan lingkungan memberikan peluang untuk pengembangan ekowisata berkelanjutan, pendidikan budaya, dan penyadaran sejarah. Dalam konteks global, integrasi pelestarian warisan budaya dan konservasi lingkungan dapat menjadi model yang relevan untuk pemajuan kebudayaan; yang berkontribusi pada penguatan karakter, identitas budaya, dan keberlanjutan lingkungan.

BACAAN KEAGAMAAN AKTIVIS KAMPUS DI UNIVERSITAS NEGERI JAKARTA (UNJ): IDE-IDE DAN TRANSMISI Asep Saefullah
EDUKASI: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Agama dan Keagamaan EDUKASI | Volume 15, Nomor 2, Agustus 2017
Publisher : Badan Litbang dan Diklat Kementerian Agama RI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32729/edukasi.v15i2.313

Tulisan ini mencoba melihat bacaan keagamaan aktivis keagamaan di Universitas Negeri Jakarta (UNJ). Ada dua hal yang akan dilihat, yaitu isi bacaan keagamaan dan bidang kajiannya. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa bacaan keagamaan di kalangan aktivis kampus UNJ, setidaknya terdiri atas dua ketegori besar, yaitu: Pertama, bacaan keagamaan untuk kebutuhan pengayaan dan peningkatan wawasan keislaman dan kebutuha personal; dan kedua, bacaan keagamaan yang terkait kecenderungan organisasi atau kelompok, dalam hal ini adalah LDK, termasuk LDF-LDF yang berada di kamus UNJ. Adapun bidang kajiannya, dapat dikelompokkan menjadi 11 kelompok, ditambah satu bagian yang khusus wanita. Bidang kajian tersebut adalah Akidah, Al-Qurâ€™an, Hadis, Dakwah, Ibadah, Pendidikan dan Moral, Ekonomi Islam, Keluarga Islami, Sirah (Nabi, Sahabat dan Tabiâ€™in), Tazkiyatun Nafs, dan Motivasi Islami.Â Hal penting lainnya adalah bahwa bacaan keagamaan tampaknya memiliki geneologi hingga pemikiran Syed Qutb, misalnya terlihat pada lima ikrar mereka, yaitu: Allah Tuhan kami,Â Al-Qurâ€™an pedoman kami, Rasul teladan kami, Jihad jalan kami, danÂ Syahid di jalan Allah cita-cita kami tertinggi.

ISLAMIC CONTEXTUALIZATION ON THE PERIPHERY OF THE INDONESIAN SULTANATES: An Exploration of Ancient Islamic Manuscript in Maluku Island Handoko, Wuri; Saefullah, Asep; Akbar, Ali; Muslim, Abu; Nensia, Nensia; Hamsiati, Hamsiati
JOURNAL OF INDONESIAN ISLAM Vol 18, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : State Islamic University (UIN) of Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15642/JIIS.2024.18.2.319-348

The spread of Islam in Maluku occurred not only in central areas of power but also in the peripheral regions. Based on various ancient Islamic manuscripts, this article examines the contextualization of these manuscripts within the broader framework of Islamization and acculturation with local traditions in the peripheral regions of the Maluku Islands. By combining a field research and literature study with contextual analysis, the article explores the significance of these manuscripts in preserving and transmitting Islamic knowledge, as well as the development of Islam in this region. The research findings indicate that these manuscripts reflect the dynamic interaction between Islamic traditions and local customs in the region. Additionally, the study highlights the textualization of ancient Islamic manuscripts, which contain various Islamic teachings that were contextually adapted to align with local culture. This paper contributes to a deeper understanding of the processes through which Islam was integrated into the cultural fabric of the Maluku Islands.

Optimizing Pilgrimage Traditions and Community Empowerment: Integration of Spirituality, Socio-Economy, and Technology in Pilgrimage Practices Rohanda, Rohanda; Saefullah, Asep; Yunani, Ahmad; Sukmawati, Wati Solihat; Matin, Usep Abdul
Buletin Al-Turas Vol 30, No 2 (2024): Buletin Al-Turas
Publisher : Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/bat.v30i2.41742

PurposeThis study aimed to explore the optimalization of pilgrimage tradition by integrating social and economic empowerment and the use of technology to enhance spiritual experience, cultural resilience, and their role in strengthening social cohesion. MethodThe study employed a literature review and a theoretical analysis on the concepts of pilgrimage, cultural resilience, and religious tourism in the context of modernization and technology. This study used multi-dimensional approach to analyze the modernization of pilgrimage tradition. Here, this research used the digital technology, while maintaining its spiritual essence and socio-cultural resilience. FindingsThe Findings of the study showed that the pilgrimage tradition and religious tourism can have some contributions. They are empowering local economies through community-based management, strengthening cultural resilience by preserving traditional values, and using technology to improve an accessibility into the quality of spiritual experiences. Additionally, pilgrimage serves as a social interaction platform that fosters harmony in multicultural societies. ConclusionThe optimization of religious tourism supports not only local economic growth, but also cultural preservation, national character building, and the maintenance of social harmony in Indonesia, while preserving its spiritual essence.

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