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Formulasi dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Sediaan Mouthwash Fraksi Metanol Daun Seledri (Apium graveolens L.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Streptococcus mutans Penyebab Karies Gigi Mirzalina Zulhijjati; Tri Puspita Yuliana; Baiq Risma Fatmayanti; Erma Ewisa Oktresia
Sinteza Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): February
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/sinteza.v6i1.31994

Abstract

Streptococcus mutans is a bacterium found in the human oral cavity and is the primary cause of tooth decay. The effects of Streptococcus mutans bacteria can be eliminated with mouthwash formulated with natural ingredients, one of which is celery leaves, which are known to have antibacterial properties against the growth of Streptococcus mutans. The purpose of this study was to determine the best concentration of a mouthwash formulation using the methanol fraction of celery leaves based on the results of the physical properties evaluation test and to determine the antibacterial activity of a mouthwash formulation using the methanol fraction of celery leaves in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria. This study was a quantitative study using a laboratory experimental method with a posttest-only control group design. This study is a quantitative study using a laboratory experiment method with a posttest-only control group design by observing the area of ​​the inhibition zone as the dependent variable. The area of ​​the inhibition zone of each formula was compared with the control using the ANOVA test. The results of the physical properties evaluation test, including ogrnanoleptic tests, pH tests, homogeneity tests, specific gravity tests, and cycling tests, met the requirements for good physical quality. The highest antibacterial activity results were found in formula III with a concentration of 1.5% celery leaf methanol fraction with an average inhibitory power of 23.63 mm with a Very Strong category.
Efficacy of Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) Against Gram Positive and Gram Negative Bacteria: A Systematic Literature Review Jeli Marlita; Yuyun Febriani; Baiq Risma Fatmayanti; Leny Ramadhan
Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinik Vol. 22 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinis
Publisher : Universitas Wahid Hasyim Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31942/jiffk.v22i2.12508

Abstract

Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is a chemical compound that acts as a strong oxidizer commonly used as an antibacterial, antiseptic, and disinfectant in various pharmaceutical and health applications. This systematic review aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of NaOCl against various types of bacteria based on the PICO framework. Literature searches were conducted through the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases for publications from 2017 to 2024. Inclusion criteria included all types of bacteria, the use of NaOCl as an antibacterial or antimicrobial agent, and articles published within that time frame. The interventions reviewed were the use of NaOCl at various concentrations, while the control group referred to conditions without treatment or a comparative antibacterial agent. The results were determined based on antimicrobial activity against the bacteria tested. Two stages of independent literature searches were conducted according to the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. This review shows that NaOCl has significant antibacterial activity against various bacteria, with effectiveness depending on the concentration and characteristics of the target microorganisms.