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Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with erythrosine photosensitizer against immune response in chronic periodontitis model Rochmawati, Mutia; Kusuma, Maulidina Raihan; Maziyyah, Faiz; Naim, Cantika Nadrotan; Prihastuti, Christiana Cahyani; Satrio, Rinawati; Laksitasari, Anindita; Sari, Dwi Nur Indah; Ichsyani, Meylida
Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia Vol 9, No 2 (2023): August
Publisher : Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/majkedgiind.77084

Chronic periodontitis is a progressive inflammatory disease of the supporting tissues of the teeth caused by dental plaque bacteria with a clinical sign of periodontal pockets. A Gram-negative bacterium that can trigger this inflammatory disease is Porphyromonas gingivalis. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with blue LED light irradiation and photosensitizer erythrosine can reduce the survival rate of P. gingivalis. This study aimed to determine the effects of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) exposure with blue LED light irradiation and PS erythrosine on the number of macrophages, lymphocytes, and gingival fibroblasts in gingival tissue of Sprague Dawley rats as chronic periodontitis models. This study used a posttest-only control group design to examine 27 Sprague Dawley rats which were divided into P group (healthy rats), N group (untreated chronic periodontitis rats), and PDT groups (chronic periodontitis model given 1 mg/ml PS erythrosine and irradiated with blue LED light for 60 seconds). Cell observation of histologic preparations of rat gingival tissue with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining was carried out on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th days. Histological preparations of gingival tissue with H&E staining was carried out on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th days. Statistical analysis used a one-way ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test, continued with LSD and the Mann-Whitney post-hoc tests. Results showed significant difference in the mean of macrophages in the PDT group compared to the untreated chronic periodontitis group on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th days (p < 0.05). The mean lymphocyte in the PDT group was significantly different from the untreated chronic periodontitis group on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th days (p < 0.05), and significantly lower than that in the healthy group (p < 0.05) but only on the 3rd and 5th days. The mean fibroblast in the PDT group was significantly different compared to the untreated chronic periodontitis group on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th days (p < 0.05). In conclusion, there were significant differences in the number of macrophages, lymphocytes, and fibroblasts in a chronic periodontitis rat model after treatment with APDT exposure with blue LED and erythrosine photosensitizer.

Potensi larutan teh hijau celup sebagai alternatif Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution mempertahankan viabilitas sel ligamen periodontal gigi avulsi: studi in vitro Zahratuljannah, Reshaina Dewi Azizah; Widodo, A. Haris Budi; Triani, Maulina; Ichsyani, Meylida; Rochmawati, Mutia
Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran Vol 36, No 2 (2024): Agustus 2024
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/jkg.v36i2.55391

ABSTRAKPendahuluan: Avulsi gigi terjadi ketika gigi terlepas sepenuhnya dari soket alveolar akibat trauma. Perawatan awal yang dilakukan pada gigi avulsi/replantasi, yaitu menanamkan kembali gigi ke dalam soket dengan segera. Prognosis kesuksesan replantasi gigi sangat bergantung pada viabilitas sel ligamen periodontal sehingga memerlukan media penyimpanan yang sesuai dan manajemen waktu yang tepat. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis potensi larutan teh hijau celup sebagai alternatif penggunaan Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) pada viabilitas sel ligamen periodontal pada gigi. Metode: Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental laboratoris in vitro menggunakan sampel sel ligamen periodontal pada 32 gigi insisivus maksila tikus Wistar. Sampel dibagi menjadi 8 kelompok, yaitu kelompok yang direndam dalam larutan teh hijau celup dan kelompok kontrol positif pada HBSS selama 1, 3, 6, dan 24 jam. Metode analisis penghitungan persentase viabilitas sel ligamen periodontal dengan pewarnaan eksklusi trypan blue dibawah mikroskop dengan perbesaran 100x. Analisis statistik menggunakan one way ANOVA untuk membandingkan persentase antar waktu pada teh hijau celup dan independent t-test untuk membandingkan teh hijau celup dan HBSS pada setiap waktu. Hasil: Hasil one way ANOVA p>0,05 yang menandakan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan antar perendaman dalam larutan teh hijau celup. Hasil independent t-test pada jam ke 1 dan 3 p>0,05 yang menandakan tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan dan pada jam ke 6 dan 24 p<0,05 menandakan adanya perbedaan signifikan antara perendaman dalam larutan teh hijau celup dan larutan kontrol positif HBSS. Simpulan: Larutan teh hijau celup dapat menjadi alternatif HBSS dalam mempertahankan viabilitas sel ligamen periodontal gigi avulsi.Potential of green tea bag solution as an alternative to Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution in maintaining periodontal ligament cell viability in Wistar rat avulsed teeth: in vitro study Introduction: Tooth avulsion occurs when the tooth is completely separated from the alveolar socket due to trauma. The initial treatment for an avulsed tooth is replantation, namely immediately implanting the tooth back into the socket. The prognosis for successful tooth replantation is highly dependent on the viability of periodontal ligament cells. Use of appropriate storage media and proper time management are critical to preserving periodontal ligament cells and the likelihood of successful replantation. This study aims to analyze potential of a green tea bag solution as an alternative to using Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) on periodontal ligament cell viability in avulsed teeth. Methods: The research was carried out experimentally in vitro using periodontal ligament cell samples from 32 maxillary incisors of Wistar rats. The samples were divided into 8 groups, namely the group soaked in green tea bag solution and the positive control group in HBSS for 1, 3, 6, and 24 hours. The analytical method is to calculate the percentage of periodontal ligament cell viability using trypan blue exclusion staining under a microscope with 100x magnification. Statistical analysis used one way ANOVA to compare percentages between times of bagged green tea and independent t-test to compare bagged green tea and HBSS at each time. Results: The results of one way ANOVA were p>0.05 which indicated that there was no significant difference between immersion in green tea bag solution. The results of the independent t-test at the 1st and 3rd hours were p>0.05 which indicated there was no significant difference and at the 6th and 24th hours p<0.05 which indicated there was a significant difference between immersion in the green tea bag solution and HBSS as the positive control solution. Conclusion: Green tea bag solution can be an alternative to HBSS in maintaining periodontal ligament cell viability in avulsed teeth.

Antibiofilm Activity of Secang Wood (Caesalpinia sappan) Ethanol Extract Against Cariogenic Streptococcus sanguinis HAIBAR, FERINA AYU MAHARANI; Prihastuti, Christiana Cahyani; Ichsyani, Meylida
Journal of Indonesian Dental Association Vol 8 No 1 (2025): May
Publisher : Indonesian Dental Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32793/jida.v8i1.1278

Streptococcus sanguinis merupakan bakteri pioneer colonizers yang berperan dalam perkembangan biofilm penyebab penyakit karies gigi. Ekstrak etanol kayu secang memiliki potensi antibiofilm yang dapat dikembangkan sebagai terapi alternatif obat kumur untuk pencegahan karies gigi. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibiofilm ekstrak etanol kayu secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) terhadap Streptococcus sanguinis penyebab karies gigi. Aktivitas antibiofilm menggunakan dua uji, uji pertama degradasi biofilm dan uji kedua penghambatan biofilm lanjutan dengan MtP Assay dan pewarnaan kristal violet 1% yang densitas optiknya dibaca pada panjang gelombang 620 nm. Data hasil degradasi penelitian dianalisis menggunakan One-Way ANOVA dan post-hoc LSD. Hasil menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna seluruh konsentrasi ekstrak dengan kontrol negatif. Konsentrasi efektif degradasi biofilm yaitu konsentrasi 1,56 mg/mL dan konsentrasi efektifpenghambatan pertumbuhan biofilm pada konsentrasi 0,39 mg/mL. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat aktivitas antibiofilm ekstrak etanol kayu secang terhadap Streptococcus sanguinis penyebab karies gigi.

Aktivitas antibiofilm ekstrak etanol daun saga (Abrus precatorius) terhadap biofilm bakteri Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans pada pengujian menggunakan MtPB assay: experimental laboratoris Putri, Annisa Liontyn Adies; Ichsyani, Meylida; Prihastuti, Christiana Cahyani
Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran Vol 36, No 3 (2024): Desember 2024
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/jkg.v36i3.57014

Pendahuluan: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans merupakan flora normal pembentuk biofilm di rongga mulut. Peningkatan jumlah bakteri ini secara berlebihan dapat menyebabkan terjadinya periodontitis agresif dengan prevalensi mencapai 90% sehingga berperan penting dalam peningkatan keparahan periodontitis agresif secara cepat. Daun saga (Abrus precatorius) memiliki aktivitas farmakologis seperti antitumor, antidiabetik, antihelmintes, dan antimikroba dengan kandungan fitokimia berupa tanin, saponin, flavonoid, steroid, dan alkaloid. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis aktivitas antibiofilm ekstrak etanol daun saga terhadap biofilm A. actinomycetemcomitans berfokus pada aktivitas degradasi dan penghambatan pembentukan biofilm. Metode: Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode MtPB menggunakan pewarna kristal violet. Ekstrak diuji pada berbagai konsentrasi bertingkat yaitu 0,39, 0,78, 1,56, 3,125, 6,25, 12,5, 25, dan 50 (mg/mL) yang dibandingkan terhadap kontrol negatif DMSO 1% serta kontrol positif amoksisilin+metronidazol 30 µg/mL. Data yang didapatkan melalui desain penelitian posttest only control group design kemudian dianalisis menggunakan analisis statistik one-way ANOVA dan analisis regresi linier Hasil: Hasil uji degradasi dan penghambatan pembentukan biofilm menunjukkan aktivitas pada seluruh kelompok perlakuan dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif (p≤0,05). Ekstrak etanol daun saga konsentrasi 25 mg/mL memiliki kemampuan degradasi sebesar 76,13% serta sudah mampu menyamai kemampuan degradasi kelompok kontrol positif (p>0,05) dan mulai dari konsentrasi 1,56 mg/mL sudah menghambat biofilm mulai dari 37,52% sehingga mampu menyamai dan konsentrasi melebihi kemampuan penghambatan pembentukan biofilm A. actinomycetemcomitans pada kelompok kontrol positif. Nilai Minimum Biofilm Eradication Concentration (MBEC50) terdapat pada konsentrasi 4,44 mg/mL sedangkan nilai Minimum Biofilm Inhibitory Concentration (MBIC50) pada konsentrasi 2,96 mg/mL. Simpulan: ekstrak etanol daun saga memiliki aktivitas antibiofilm terhadap bakteri A. actinomycetemcomitans.Antibiofilm activity of ethanol extract of saga leaf (Abrus precatorius) on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Biofilm: experimental laboratorisIntroduction: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a normal flora that forms biofilms in the oral cavity. An excessive increase in the number of these bacteria can cause inflammation of the periodontal tissue called periodontitis. A. actinomycetemcomitans has the main virulence of leukotoxin which can weaken the immune cell response to pathogenic bacteria with a prevalence in aggressive periodontitis reaching 90% so it plays an important role in the rapid increase in the severity of aggressive periodontitis. Saga leaves (Abrus precatorius) have pharmacological activities such as antitumor, antidiabetic, antihelminthic, and antimicrobial with phytochemical content in the form of tannins, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, and alkaloids. The research aims to analyze the antibiofilm activity of ethanol extract of saga leaves against A. actinomycetemcomitans biofilms by looking at the degradation activity and inhibition of biofilm formation. Method: The research was carried out using the MtPB method using crystal violet dye. The extract was tested at various graded concentrations, namely 0.39, 0.78, 1.56, 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, and 50 (mg/mL) which were compared to the negative control 1% DMSO and the positive control amoxicillin +metronidazole 30 µg/mL. Data obtained through the posttest only control group design were then analyzed using one-way ANOVA statistical analysis and linear regression. Results: The results of the degradation and inhibition of biofilm formation tests showed activity in all treatment groups compared to the negative control (p≤0.05). The ethanol extract of saga leaves at a concentration of 25 mg/mL was able to match the degradation ability of the positive control group (p>0.05) and starting from a concentration of 1.56 mg/mL was able to match and exceed the ability to inhibit A. actinomycetemcomitans biofilm formation in the positive control group. The MBEC50 value is found at a concentration of 4.44 mg/mL while the MBIC50 value is at 2.96 mg/mL. Conclusion: ethanol extract of saga leaves has anti-biofilm activity against the bacteria A. actinomycetemcomitans.

INHIBITION OF Asystasia gangetica ETHANOLIC EXTRACT ON Porphyromonas gingivalis AND Fusobacterium nucleatum BIOFILM FORMATION Ichsyani, Meylida; Laksitasari, Anindita; Supriyati, Supriyati; Sari, Dwi Nur Indah; Wahyudin, Wahyudin
Mandala Of Health Vol 18 No 1 (2025): Mandala of Health: A scientific Journal
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Periodontal pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum develop a biofilm on the surface of the dental apex, causing inflammation in the teeth' supporting tissues. Asystasia gangetica has been observed for its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effect. The ethanolic extract of A. gangetica may be developed as a root canal sterilization dressing due to its benefits. This study aims to determine the inhibitory effect of ethanolic extract of A. agangetica on P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum from forming biofilm. Antibacterial activity was determined using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion. The inhibition of biofilm formation was evaluated using microtiter plate biofilm assay with various concentrations of extract. Base on the classification of inhibition zone, ethanolic extract of A. gangetica had moderate to strong antibacterial effects on P. gingivalis at 12.5-50 mg/mL, and moderate effect on F. nucleatum at 25-50 mg/mL. Results also showed that the extract at 50 mg/mL, inhibited biofilm formation by more than 72% against P. gingivalis (p<0.05) and up to 75% against F. nucleatum (p<0.05). The value of MBIC50 was determined at 5.19 mg/mL and 7.44 mg/mL, respectively. Ethanolic extract of Asystasia gangetica has a potential inhibitory effect on P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum biofilm formation. Studies suggest more detailed approaches to a better understanding of the interactions between lead compounds and bacterial cells within the biofilm structure.

Antifungal Activity Test Ethanol Extract Of Awar-Awar Leaves (Ficus septica Burm. F.) to Candida tropicalis As The Cause of Oral Candidiasis In Vitro Bagus, Zahran Uzla Attaqi; Anjarwati, Dwi Utami; Djati, Fanni Kusuma; Ichsyani, Meylida
Jurnal Medali Vol 7, No 2 (2025): Media Dental Intelektual Agustus 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/medali.7.2.136-144

Background: Oral candidiasis is an infection in the oral cavity caused by Candida tropicalis, a non-Candida albicans (NCAC) species with the highest virulence. The first-line treatment for oral candidiasis is nystatin; however, it may cause side effects. One alternative treatment for oral candidiasis is the use of Ficus septica Burm. F. leaves, which contain active compounds such as saponins, tannins, flavonoids, and triterpenoids, all of which have potential antifungal properties. This study aims to evaluate the antifungal activity ethanol extract of awar-awar leaves to Candida tropicalis as the cause of Oral Candidiasis in vitro. Method: This experimental laboratory study used a posttest-only control group design, comparing the treatment groups with ethanol extract of Ficus septica burm. F leaves at concentrations of 4%, 8%, 16%, and 32% with a positive control group (nystatin) and a negative control group (Dimethyl sulfoxide). Antifungal activity was tested using the microdilution broth method to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and the spread plate method to determine the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). Colony growth of C. tropicalis was measured using the Total Plate Count (TPC) method, followed by calculating the inhibition percentage. Result: The analysis of this study showed that the MIC of Ficus septica Burm F leaf extract was at a concentration of 32%, and the MBC of the extract was also at a concentration of 32%, with a 100% inhibition percentage. Significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) were found between the concentrations of the ethanol extract of Ficus septica leaves.Conclussion: The conclusion of this study is that the ethanol extract of Ficus septica Burm. F leaves has antifungal activity in inhibiting the growth of C. tropicalis, the cause of oral candidiasis, with the most effective concentration being 32% with 100% inhibition.

EFFECT OF KECOMBRANG ETHANOL EXTRACT (ETLINGERA ELATIOR) ON FUSOBACTERIUM NUCLEATUM BIOFILM DEGRAGATION Djati, Fanni Kusuma; Ichsyani, Meylida; Widodo, A. Haris Budi; Dewi, Aisha Tiara
Biomedika Vol 17, No 1 (2025): Biomedika August 2025
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/biomedika.v17i2.12008

Fusobacterium nucleatum is a Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium that plays a crucial role in periodontal disease progression through biofilm formation. Kecombrang (Etlingera elatior) is a traditional medicinal plant containing bioactive compounds with antimicrobial properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of kecombrang extract on F. nucleatum biofilm degradation. This experimental study used ethanolic extracts from three parts of kecombrang (leaves, stems, and flowers) at concentrations of 1.56, 3.12, 6.25, 12.50, 25, and 50 mg/mL. F. nucleatum biofilm was formed and treated with various extract concentrations. Chlorhexidine 0.2% was used as positive control and DMSO 1% as negative control. Biofilm degradation percentage was measured using crystal violet assay at 490 nm wavelength. Data were analyzed using Two-Way ANOVA to evaluate the main effects of plant parts and extract concentrations, followed by Tukey’s HSD post-hoc test. All kecombrang extracts showed dose-dependent biofilm degradation activity. Flower extract demonstrated the highest efficacy with degradation percentages ranging from 36.37% to 86.22% at concentrations 1.56-25 mg/mL. Leaf extract showed degradation of 38.2—82.08%, while the stem extract achieved 34.00-80.22% degradation at the same concentration range. The MBEC50 values were 2.62 mg/mL for flower extract, 3.68 mg/mL for leaf extract, and 4.99 mg/mL for stem extract. Kecombrang extracts possess significant biofilm degradation activity against F. nucleatum, with flower extract showing the most promising results comparable to chlorhexidine positive control

The Activities of Torch Ginger Flower (Etlingera elatior) Ethanol Extract on Degradation of Porphyromonas gingivalis Biofilm as Periodontal Pathogen Putri, Devi Anisya; Widodo, A. Haris Budi; Ichsyani, Meylida; Naufalin, Rifda; -, Oedjijono
Journal of Indonesian Dental Association Vol 6 No 1 (2023): April
Publisher : Indonesian Dental Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32793/jida.v6i1.882

Introduction: Porphyromonas gingivalis is bacteria that can form biofilms as the main cause of periodontitis. Mouthwash therapy in long term can cause mucositis and even oral cancer. Antibacterial potential of torch ginger flower (Etlingera elatior) can be developed as an alternative adjuvant therapy for periodontitis. Objective: Aims of this research was to determine the effect of torch ginger flower ethanol extract against degradation of P. gingivalis biofilm. Methods: This research used ethanolic extract of torch ginger flower with concentrations 1.56 mg/mL, 3.125 mg/mL, 6.25 mg/mL, 12.5 mg/mL, 25 mg/mL, and 50 mg/mL. Chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% was used as positive control and DMSO 1% was used as negative control. Measurement of P. gingivalis biofilm degradation used microtiter plate assay with crystal violet 1% staining which reads its optical density at wavelength of 450 nm. Data were analyzed by one way ANOVA and Post hoc LSD. Results: The percentage of P. gingivalis biofilm degradation with torch ginger flower ethanol extract sequentially were 12.47%, 30.56%, 57.12%, 71.36%, and 74.83%. The analysis showed that there was a significant difference (p<0,05) between treatment groups torch ginger flower ethanol extract, as well as between torch ginger flower ethanol extract with DMSO 1% and chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2%. Optimum concentration of ethanol extract of torch ginger flower on P. gingivalis biofilm degradation was 25 mg/mL and showed no significant difference with chlorhexidine gluconate 0,2% (p>0,05). Conclusion: Conclusion of this research is torch ginger flower (Etlingera elatior) ethanol extract has P. gingivalis biofilm degradation activity.biofilm

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