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All Journal JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI Eksergi: Chemical Engineering Journal Prosiding Semnastek Sains Natural: Journal of Biology and Chemistry Chemistry Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia) Jurnal Crystal : Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Terapannya Jurnal Peduli Masyarakat Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Applied Research in Science and Technology Indonesian Journal of Chemical Engineering
Hanum, Farrah Fadhillah
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Education Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Other

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Comparison of Activation Methods for Coal Ash as an Adsorbent in the Removal of Lead (Pb²⁺) from Aqueous Solution Wardhana, Budi Setya; Hanum, Farrah Fadhillah; Mufrodi, Zahrul; Febriani, Annisa Vada; Salamah, Siti
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 28, No 8 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 8 Year 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.28.8.452-462

Abstract

Coal ash, also known as fly ash and bottom ash (FABA), is a byproduct of coal combustion that can be utilized as an adsorbent for removing lead (Pb2+) ions from wastewater. While previous studies have explored both unactivated and activated forms of FABA, few have directly compared their adsorption performance under identical operating conditions. This study investigates the characteristics of FABA before and after activation and evaluates its effectiveness in Pb2+ ion removal. Characterization was performed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) for chemical composition and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis for surface area and pore structure. XRF results showed that fly ash (FA) and bottom ash (BA) are dominated by Fe2O3, SiO2, and Al2O3, which contribute to the adsorption capacity. BET analysis revealed that FA has a higher specific surface area (6.377 m2/g) compared to BA (0.848 m2/g), indicating greater potential for adsorption. The adsorption performance was evaluated using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) after 60 minutes of contact time at an initial Pb2+ concentration of 100 ppm. Both FA and BA exhibited high Pb2+ removal efficiencies, reaching up to 100% under optimal conditions. Physical activation and chemical activation using neutral (H2O) and alkaline (NaOH and KOH) agents enhanced adsorption efficiency (98–100%), whereas activation with acidic agents (HCl and H2SO4) reduced it to 87–97%. These results demonstrate that FABA, particularly FA, has strong potential as an efficient and environmentally friendly adsorbent for heavy metal removal. The findings also suggest that water activation offers a simple and sustainable approach for large-scale wastewater treatment applications.
Co-Authors Adestu, Zakiyya Salwa Ali Rahmat Amini, Mar’atu Roisa Amrillah, Nafira Alfi Zaini Arifah, Zulia Azizah, Cahya Umi BalqisViratu Hapsari, Alliya Budi Barata Kusuma Utami Desfitri , Erda Rahmilaila Dwi Anto , Arif Eka Suharto, Totok Fatmala, Eva Febriani, Annisa Vada Firda Mahira Alfiata Chusna Fitria Nugraheni Sukmawati, Fitria Nugraheni Hapsauqi, Iqbal Helmi Mustafa, Yoga Nawaki Iin Narwanti Imran Indriana Kartini Irna, Afifah Khairi, Amalya Nurul Kuncara, Jaka Lestari, Rimadina Sukmasuci Loundi Vidinda , Oktaza Martini, Titim Martomo Setyawan Maryudi Maryudi Muhammad, Azrian Makmum Nuraini Pramudya, Yudhi Putra, Gea Permana Antara Rahayu, Aster Rahayu, Dheka Esti Rahmadani, Nur Izati Rifai Sanuhung, Ahmad Rokhmayanti, Rokhmayanti Rozaki, Zuhud Rusdianto Rusdianto, Rusdianto Sabila, Liya Yusrina Saktiyono Sigit Tri Pamungkas, Saktiyono Sigit Tri Setya Wardhana, Budi Siti Jamilatun Siti Salamah Sukarji, Sukarji Suryo Purwono Tusrianto, Tusrianto Utami, Budi Barata Kusuma Vada Febriani, Annisa Wardhana, Budi Setya Wega Trisunaryati, Wega Zahrul Mufrodi, Zahrul