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All Journal Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Science Majalah Obat Tradisional INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY Majalah Farmaseutik Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (PSR) Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Abdul Karim Zulkarnain
Faculty Of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. Indonesia
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Public Health

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Optimasi Carbomer, Propilen Glikol, dan Trietanolamin Dalam Formulasi Sediaan Gel Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kembang Bulan (Tithonia diversifolia) Amira Fawwaz Tsabitah; Abdul Karim Zulkarnain; Mae Sri Hartanti Wahyuningsih; Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih
Majalah Farmaseutik Vol 16, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/farmaseutik.v16i2.45666

Abstract

Ekstrak etanol daun kembang bulan atau Tithonia diversifolia telah diteliti memiliki kemampuan sebagai anti keloid yang baik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan formula gel dengan sifat fisik dan stabilitas yang baik. Metode yang digunakan dalam optimasi ini adalah Simplex Lattice Design. Formula optimum gel dibuat dari bahan carbomer, propilen glikol, dan trietanolamin. Parameter yang diukur adalah viskositas, pH, daya sebar, freeze and thaw cycles, dan sineresis. Hasil uji kemudian dianalisis menggunakan paired t-test.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa formula optimum gel terdiri dari 0,81% carbomer, 5,9% propilen glikol, dan 0,58% trietanolamin dengan viskositas 155,96 d.Pas, daya sebar 4,06 cm, pH 5,50, dan sineresis 0,64%. Basis gel yang dihasilkan bening, memiliki viskositas 156,10 ± 2,87 d.Pas, daya sebar 3,95 ± 0,07 cm, pH 5,50 ± 0,00, dan sineresis 0,46 ± 0,00 %. Sediaan basis gel stabil dalam uji stabilitas fisik. Gel ekstrak etanol daun kembang bulan yang dihasilkan memiliki viskositas 77,70 ± 2,30 d.Pas, daya sebar 4,55 ± 0,21 cm, pH 5,32 ± 0,01, dan sineresis 1,42 ± 0,28 %. Sediaan gel ekstrak etanol daun kembang bulan kurang stabil dalam uji stabilitas fisik pada viskositas yang mengalami penurunan, daya sebar yang mengalami kenaikan, pH yang mengalami kenaikan, dan sineresis yang meningkat.
Development of C-Arylcalix[4]resorcinarenes and C-Arylcalix[4]pyrogallolarenes as Antioxidant and UV-B Protector Jumina Jumina; Dwi Siswanta; Abdul Karim Zulkarnain; Sugeng Triono; Priatmoko Priatmoko; Emmy Yuanita; Nela Fatmasari; Ikhsan Nursalim
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 19, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (259.651 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.26868

Abstract

Indonesia is rich with essential oils such as anise and clove leave oils. In respect to explore the potential utilization of these resources, it has been conducted the transformation of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzaldehyde) respectively derived from anise oil and clove leaves oil to a series of C-arylcalix[4]resorcinarenes and C-arylcalix[4]pyrogallolarene macrocycles. Treatment of these aldehydes with resorcinol in the presence of HCl in absolute ethanol at reflux for 8 h afforded C-4-hydroxyphenylcalix[4]resorcinarene (3a) and C-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy phenyl-calix[4]resorcinarene (3b) in good yields. When the aldehydes were treated with pyrogallol under the similar condition, the products were C-4-hydroxyphenyl calix[4]pyrogallolarene (3c) and C-4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylcalix[4]pyrogallolarene (3d) which were also obtained in excellent yields. Treatment of these calix[4]resorcinarenes and calix[4]pyrogallolarenes with cinnamoyl chloride and benzoyl chloride in pyridine afforded the corresponding cinnamate esters and benzoate esters in high yields. The resulted C-arylcalix-[4]resorcinarenes and C-arylcalix[4]pyrogallol arenes were subjected to antioxidant activity test using DPPH method and showed strong activity with IC50 values of 15–80 μg/mL. In terms of the synthesized calix cinnamates, the compounds showed UV-B absorption with SPF values of 15–30 at a concentration of 25 ppm which demonstrate their potential to be applied as a UV-B protector. Furthermore, these compounds were also tested for their photostability on the UV-B region and the results showed that the compounds were still unstable under irradiation for 30 min.
The Origin, Physicochemical Properties, and Removal Technology of Metallic Porphyrins from Crude Oils Jumina Jumina; Yehezkiel Steven Kurniawan; Dwi Siswanta; Bambang Purwono; Abdul Karim Zulkarnain; Agustinus Winarno; Joko Waluyo; Johan Syafri Mahathir Ahmad
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 21, No 4 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.62521

Abstract

Crude oil is an indispensable energy feedstock for daily activities, although some amounts of metallic porphyrins components with undesired characteristics have been identified. These constituents are assumed to originate from the geochemical process of chlorophyll and heme derivatives. In addition, their chemical structures have been thoroughly characterized using spectroscopy techniques, while several analytical methods were adopted in the detection and concentration quantification in the crude oils. The metallic porphyrins have several demerits, including the deactivation of used catalysts, contamination of the treated petrochemical products, and corrosion of the industrial equipment. Also, the removal process is considered challenging due to the strong interaction with the asphaltene fraction of crude oil. This review article, therefore, provides brief information on the origin, physicochemical properties, and possible removal technology of metallic porphyrins from crude oil samples. Besides, a better understanding of chemistry contributes a useful insight towards the development and establishment of better futuristic processing technology.
Optimization of Gelling Agent of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) Seed Oil Gel and Its Stability and Activity Test In Vitro as Sunscreen Abdul Karim Zulkarnain; Feela Faridhotu; Ifthary Naqsya PR
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 27, No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/mot.80299

Abstract

Excessive ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun can harm human skin, such as skin erythema or sunburn, premature aging of the skin, darker skin discoloration, and damage to skin cells. Skin protection, like sunscreen, is needed to prevent the negative effects of UV rays. This study aims to evaluate the optimum formula, the physical properties, and the activity of a sunscreen gel preparation of sunflower seed oil in vitro. The method in this study was optimization with Design Expert version 10 of the carbopol gelling agent and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. The optimum formula obtained was tested for its physical properties and activity as a sunscreen in vitro with a spectrophotometer.  The results showed that the physical properties of the optimum formula were good, and stable during storage, pH, spreadability, adhesion, and viscosity were close to predictions, and the in vitro SPF test obtained a value of 15.60.
Formulasi Dan Stabilitas Fisik Sediaan Cream Ekstrak Rimpang Temu Mangga (Curcuma manga Val.) Dan Uji Aktivitas Sebagai Tabir Surya Secara In Vitro Abdul Karim Zulkarnain; Kinuyo Matsumoto; Naemi Kajiwara
Majalah Farmaseutik Vol 19, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/farmaseutik.v19i2.84915

Abstract

Rimpang temu mangga (Curcuma manga Val.) memiliki kandungan  kurkumin dan flavonoid yang dapat berfungsi sebagai fotoprotektor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui stabilitas fisik cream ekstrak temu mangga dan menilai  aktivitasnya sebagai tabir surya secara in vitro. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk memperoleh sediaan yang optimal dari cream temu mangga yang memiliki sifat fisik yang baik dan stabil selama penyimpanan. Metode yang digunakan dalam pembuatan ekstrak temu mangga adalah maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 70%. Sediaan basis cream dibuat dengan software Design Expert®versi 10, sehingga diperoleh basis formula optimum. Sediaan  cream dibuat dengan cara penambahan ekstrak temu mangga 10% pada basis optimum yang telah dihasilkan. Sediaan yang diperoleh  diuji stabilitas fisik meliputi viskositas, daya sebar, daya lekat, dan rasio pemisahan. Aktivitas cream ditentukan secara in vitro dengan spektrofotometri dan hasilnya dinyatakan dengan nilai Sun Protecting Factor (SPF). Analisis data dilakukan secara statistik dengan taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahan formula optimum untuk karbopol sebesar 0,67 dan gliseril monostearate sebesar 3,33. Sifat fisik yang diperoleh dari cream temu mangga adalah baik dan tidak mengalami perubahan yang signifikan selama masa penyimpanan, sehingga disimpulkan bahwa sedian cukup stabil dan baik serta nilai SPF sebesar   15,16.
Optimization of HPMC and Na-CMC as Gelling Agents on Physical Properties and Stability in Sunflower Seed Oil Gel Formulation Putri Rahmani , Sanubari Indah; Zulkarnain, Abdul Karim
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 11, No 2 (2023): J.Food.Pharm.Sci
Publisher : Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.8227

Abstract

Abstract: In recent years, skincare with natural ingredients is being developed for it has fewer side effects and is relatively suitable for all skin types. One of the potential ingredients from the natural ingredients is sunflower seed oil, which has proven to have potential as a skin moisturizer and fight acne bacteria. The purpose of this study was to make a gel formulation of sunflower seed oil by optimizing the combination of the gelling agent of HPMC and Na-CMC. The Simplex Lattice Design method was used to optimize the gel base with Design Expert software version 13. There were 8 gel formulas made and evaluated including organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, spreadability, and adhesion. The independent variables in SLD were the amount of HPMC and Na-CMC, while the responses included pH, viscosity, and spreadability. The optimal formula suggested by SLD is a combination of 1.451% HPMC and 1.549% Na-CMC. The optimal formula has a pH of 6.813 ± 0.041, a viscosity of 194.8 ± 2.94 dPas, an adhesion of 6.29 ± 0.50 seconds, and a spreadability of 21.5 ± 10.05 cm2. The optimum prediction formula from the software has no significant difference from the test results which show that the method can be used to predict the physical properties of sunflower seed oil gel preparations. The results of the physical stability test also stated that its physical properties were stable in terms of pH, viscosity, spreadability, and adhesion.
Optimization of Carbopol, CMN-Na, Gelatin, and In Vitro Activity Test of 4-Hydroxy Chalcone Gel as Sunscreen Zulkarnain, Abdul Karim; Jumina, Jumina
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 11, No 2 (2023): J.Food.Pharm.Sci
Publisher : Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.8237

Abstract

Abstract: The 4-hydroxychalcone compound is a flavonoid derivative that has benzene rings with unsaturated chains and a chromophore group, which can absorb UV rays and reduce the intensity of radiation exposure to the skin. This study aims to examine the effect of gelling agents on the physical properties of gel preparations, optimum formula stability, and activity of 4-hydroxychalcone gel as a sunscreen in vitro. Base optimization was carried out using Design Expert software version 10 with the simplex lattice design method and variations in gelling agent concentrations, namely carbopol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na), and gelatin. The activity of 4-hydroxychalcone sunscreen gel was determined spectrophotometrically by determining the Sun Protecting Factor (SPF) value, the percentage of erythema transmission (%TE), and the percentage of pigmentation transmission (%TP). Data were analyzed statistically with SPSS software. The results showed that the optimum formula composition was obtained at a concentration of 0.67% carbopol, 2% CMC-Na, and 1.83% gelatin. The optimum formula of 0.5% 4-hydroxychalcone gel was stable during storage at room temperature and did not experience syneresis during 72 hours of storage at ± 10°C. The 0.5% 4-hydroxychalcone gel gave an SPF value of 27.37 % TE was 1.76% and % TP was 10.21%, therefore it is categorized as a sunblock.
Formulasi dan Uji Stabilitas Fisik Sediaan Krim Tabir Surya Pentagamavunon-5 Serta Uji Aktivitasnya Secara In Vitro Zulkarnain, Abdul Karim; Syach, Muhammad Ferdian; Ritmaleni, Ritmaleni
Majalah Farmaseutik Vol 20, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/farmaseutik.v20i2.95459

Abstract

 Pentagamavunon-5 (PGV-5) adalah salah satu senyawa analog kurkumin yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang tinggi yang dapat berpotensi dimanfatkan sebagai bahan aktif tabir surya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimasikan asam stearat dan parafin cair untuk mendapatkan sediaan tabir surya yang memiliki sifat fisik yang baik serta menghasilkan efek proteksi dari PGV-5 sebagai bahan aktif dengan maksimal. Metode optimasi formula dilakukan dengan mengubah konsentrasi dari asam stearat dan parafin cair. Optimasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Simplex Lattice Design pada Design Expert versi 13 yang dilanjutkan dengan verifikasi formula optimum dan uji sifat fisik serta stabilitas sediaan krim. Data yang diperoleh dilakukan analisis dengan One-Sample t-Test dengan taraf kepercayaan 95% dan IBM SPSS Statistic 26 untuk mengevaluasi stabilitas fisik sediaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sediaan krim dengan PGV-5 sebesar 0,25% dihasilkan nilai SPF sebesar  40,25; sedangkan SPF basis krim sebesar 6,93. Hasil uji stabilitas fisik sediaan yang disimpan pada suhu ekstrim pada  siklus 0, 1, 2, dan 3 tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dengan nilai signifikansi > 0.05. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa sediaan memiliki SPF 40,25 dan stabil selama penyimpanan pada suhu ekstrim. Nilai %Te krim PGV-5 24%, sedangkan nilai %Tp adalah 12,69% termasuk dalam kategori sebagai sunblock 
Optimization of 3,4-Dimethoxychalcone and Rutin Containing Gel with Simplex Lattice Design and In Vitro-In Vivo Test as a Sunscreen Fatimi, Hana Anisa; Zulkarnain, Abdul Karim; Laksitorini, Marlyn Dian
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

3,4-Dimethoxychalcone and rutin, a flavonoid that contains chromophore groups, can absorb UV light and thus can be developed as a sunscreen. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum formula of 3,4-dimethoxychalcone and rutin containing gel, evaluate its physical stability, and activity of 3,4-dimethoxychalcone and rutin gel as a sunscreen through in vitro and in vivo tests. HPMC, CMC-Na, and methylcellulose were formulated into a gel base to obtain good adhesion and a clear appearance gel. Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) with Design Expert software version 10 was utilized to determine the optimum gel formulation. UVA-PF protection, photostability with transpore method, and acute dermal irritation test were performed to evaluate sunscreen activity of 3,4-dimethoxychalcone and rutin gel. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. The results showed that the optimum formula for 3,4-dimethoxychalcone-rutin gel consisted of 1.5% HPMC, 1.8% CMC-Na and 0.6% methylcellulose, which showed a pH of 6.96, viscosity of 89.10 dpa.s, and spreadability of 16.30 cm2. The pH, viscosity, and spreadability of base and 3,4-dimethoxychalcone- rutin gel was stable for 4 weeks of storage. The UVA-PF value is 6.48 which according to the FDA is included in the category of a two star (**) sunscreen label. The sunscreen did not exhibit a shift in wavelength after 6 hours of irradiation. Based on the primary irritation test, 3,4-dimethoxychalcone- rutin sunscreen produced zero (0) erythema and edema index. Thus, it did not cause irritation to the skin of experimental animals. Therefore, the gel containing 3,4-dimethoxychalcone and rutin had potential as a sunscreen product based on in vitro-in vivo tests and was safe on animal skin.
Optimasi Formula Lotion O/W Senyawa Oktil Metoksisinamat Dan Uji Aktivitasnya Sebagai Tabir Surya Secara In Vitro Sari, Silvia Lila; Zulkarnain, Abdul Karim
Majalah Farmaseutik Vol 20, No 4 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/farmaseutik.v20i4.100227

Abstract

Senyawa yang berkhasiat sebagai tabir surya salah satunya adalah senyawa oktil metoksisinamat (OMS). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan formula optimum lotion o/w  senyawa oktil metoksisinamat serta mengevaluasi sifat fisik, stabilitas fisik, dan aktivitas sebagai tabir surya secara in vitro. Optimasi formula dilakukan pada variasi komposisi propilen glikol sebagai humektan, gliserin sebagai emolien, dan setil alkohol sebagai agen pengemulsi menggunakan metode Simplex Lattice Design melalui software Design Expert®. Respon yang diuji dari formula optimum yaitu daya sebar, pH, viskositas, dan daya lekat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi propilen glikol 8,87%, gliserin 12,98% dan setil alkohol 4,65% menghasilkan formula optimum. Lotion dengan konsentrasi oktil metoksisinamat 7,5% memiliki aktivitas sebagai tabir surya secara in vitro dengan nilai SPF 17,6%. Melalui cycling test, formula optimum stabil dalam satu bulan penyimpanan.
Co-Authors ., Jumina ., Jumina Agustinus Winarno Aliva Nur Lathifa Aliva Nur Lathifa, Aliva Nur Amira Fawwaz Tsabitah Arundita Kusumawida Bambang Purwono Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih Dwi Siswanta Dwi Siswanta Emmy Yuanita Fatimi, Hana Anisa Feela Faridhotu Ifthary Naqsya PR Ikhsan Nursalim Indri Dwi Rahasasti Iqbal Tahir Jeriko Sinurat Johan Syafri Mahathir Ahmad Joko Waluyo Jumina . Jumina Jumina Jumina Jumina Khairul Ikhsan Kinuyo Matsumoto Luky Oktaviasari Lusty Grace Toding Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih Marchaban Marchaban Marchaban, Marchaban Marlyn Dian Laksitorini, Marlyn Dian Meiroza Susanti Meiroza Susanti, Meiroza MM Woro Endah Tyashapsari Muhlida, Vinilia Ihramatul Naemi Kajiwara Nela Fatmasari Oktaviasari, Luky Panut Mulyono Priatmoko Priatmoko Putri Rahmani , Sanubari Indah Ratna Asmah Susidarti Ratna Asmah Susidarti Ribka Elcistia Ritmaleni, Ritmaleni Sari, Silvia Lila Septina Virgonita Shanendra Ulfa F Subagus Wahyuono Sugeng Triono Syach, Muhammad Ferdian Triani Kurniawati Triani Kurniawati Wahyuono, Subagus Wiweka Adi Pratama Yehezkiel Steven Kurniawan