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UTILIZATION OF LIGNIN ISOLATION RESULTS FROM OIL PALM FRONDS AS ADHESIVE IN COMPOSITE BOARD PREPARATION Silitonga, Nelson; Kartika; Abdillah; Syarifah; Keliat, Aisyah Br.; Arif, Ali; Purwandari, Vivi; Saragih, Gimelliya
JURNAL KIMIA SAINTEK DAN PENDIDIKAN Vol. 8 No. 2 (2024): JURNAL KIMIA SAINTEK DAN PENDIDIKAN
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia - Universitas Sari Mutiara Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51544/kimia.v8i2.5830

The decreasing availability of adhesive raw materials and the emergence of formaldehyde emissions from gluing material products to the environment, require a substitute material in the manufacture. Lignin from oil palm fronds has the potential as an alternative environmentally friendly adhesive in the composite board industry and offers a sustainable agricultural waste management solution because of its abundant availability. This study is a laboratory experiment, the utilization of lignin from oil palm fronds, which will later be applied as a composite wood adhesive. From the results of the study obtained. copolymerization with resorcinol and formaldehyde produces lignin resorcinol formaldehyde (LRF) resin which is tested for adhesive appearance, pH/acidity, specific gravity, and viscosity of LRF adhesive at room temperature and residual evaporation levels at 105 oC. Product characterization includes testing the physical and mechanical properties of composite boards including Fracture Strength (Modulus of Rufture) and Flexural Strength or Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) from the test results of this lignin-based adhesive which meets the specified requirements.

Optimasi dan Sintesis Selulosa Dialdehid Berbasis Limbah Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Sitinjak, Elvri Melliaty; Masmur, Indra; Shuwanto, Hardy; Dina, Sari Farah; Hutajulu, Poltak Evencus; Saragih, Gimelliya; Siahaan, Immanuel; Damanik, Fadhila Natania; Doloksaribu, Rahel Argana
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v14i2.20686

Empty Fruit Bunches of Oil Palm (EFB) represent one of the most problematic biomass wastes in Indonesia due to their massive volume, inefficient management, and underutilization of their chemical potential, leading to significant environmental, economic, and technical impacts. The degradation or processing of such large-scale waste generally requires a long period of time. This study focuses on converting the cellulose content in EFB into dialdehyde cellulose (DAC), which can be applied as a wet strength agent. The aim is to reduce EFB waste by isolating cellulose from EFB biomass and subsequently converting it into DAC, which can be utilized as a wet strength additive in paper or tissue products. The oxidation of EFB cellulose into DAC was optimized using sodium periodate (NaIO₄) as the oxidizing agent, with varying reaction times of 3, 6, and 9 hours. The synthesized DAC was qualitatively analyzed using the Fehling’s test and solubility observations, followed by functional group identification via FTIR and morphological characterization using SEM. Among the samples, DAC-6 exhibited the most optimal characteristics, with a degree of oxidation reaching 82.1% and a carbonyl content of 52.8%. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of carbonyl functional groups in all DAC samples, indicating successful oxidation of hydroxyl groups in cellulose. DAC-6 showed the most prominent carbonyl absorption peak at a wavenumber of 1748 cm⁻¹.

Optimasi dan Sintesis Selulosa Dialdehid Berbasis Limbah Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Sitinjak, Elvri Melliaty; Masmur, Indra; Shuwanto, Hardy; Dina, Sari Farah; Hutajulu, Poltak Evencus; Saragih, Gimelliya; Siahaan, Immanuel; Damanik, Fadhila Natania; Doloksaribu, Rahel Argana
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v14i2.20686

Empty Fruit Bunches of Oil Palm (EFB) represent one of the most problematic biomass wastes in Indonesia due to their massive volume, inefficient management, and underutilization of their chemical potential, leading to significant environmental, economic, and technical impacts. The degradation or processing of such large-scale waste generally requires a long period of time. This study focuses on converting the cellulose content in EFB into dialdehyde cellulose (DAC), which can be applied as a wet strength agent. The aim is to reduce EFB waste by isolating cellulose from EFB biomass and subsequently converting it into DAC, which can be utilized as a wet strength additive in paper or tissue products. The oxidation of EFB cellulose into DAC was optimized using sodium periodate (NaIO₄) as the oxidizing agent, with varying reaction times of 3, 6, and 9 hours. The synthesized DAC was qualitatively analyzed using the Fehling’s test and solubility observations, followed by functional group identification via FTIR and morphological characterization using SEM. Among the samples, DAC-6 exhibited the most optimal characteristics, with a degree of oxidation reaching 82.1% and a carbonyl content of 52.8%. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of carbonyl functional groups in all DAC samples, indicating successful oxidation of hydroxyl groups in cellulose. DAC-6 showed the most prominent carbonyl absorption peak at a wavenumber of 1748 cm⁻¹.

Valorization of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches into Sulfonated Carbon Catalysts for Esterification of Vegetable Oil Saragih, Gimelliya; Purwandari, Vivi; Silitonga, Nelson; Abdillah; Sitanggang, Yenny; Zai, Liver; Mukhtissiarni
Chempublish Journal Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): Chempublish Journal (July - December)
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/chp.v9i2.47630

This research explores the physicochemical characteristics of activated and sulfonated carbons derived from palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) as renewable raw materials, and assesses their catalytic performance in the esterification of waste cooking oil (WCO) for biodiesel synthesis. Activated carbon was sulfonated via exposure to high-concentration sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) at 7%, 10%, and 13%, facilitating the incorporation of –SO₃H groups. A range of analytical techniques, including TGA, DTA, FTIR, BET, and SEM, was employed to characterize the synthesized materials. Among the synthesized catalysts, the sulfonated carbon with 10% acid treatment (SA 10%) exhibited the most favorable characteristics: demonstrated a surface area of 41.895 m²/g and retained its structure under thermal stress, and a strong presence of sulfonic functional groups. Esterification tests at 65 °C for 2 hours showed a maximum yield of 43.28% using 3 g of SA 10%, while 5 g resulted in a lower yield of 30.32%. The results demonstrate that SA 10% is a promising eco-friendly heterogeneous catalyst for converting low-cost, waste-based feedstocks into biodiesel under mild reaction conditions.

Comparative Study of Solvent-Assisted Exfoliation of Low Rank Coal for Few-Layer Graphene Production via Multi-Stage Ultrasonication Saragih, Gimelliya; Purwandari, Vivi; Akbari , A. Zukhruf; Silitonga, Nelson; Abdillah, Abdillah
Jurnal Riset Teknologi Pencegahan Pencemaran Industri Vol. 16 No. 2 (2025): November
Publisher : Balai Besar Standardisasi dan Pelayanan Jasa Pencegahan Pencemaran Industri

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Low rank coal (LRC), due to its abundance and carbon richness, represents a promising and sustainable precursor for graphene synthesis. This study compares the effects of different solvents CTAB (2%), NaOH (1N), H₂SO₄ (1N), and isopropyl alcohol (IPA)—on the exfoliation efficiency of LRC using a multi-stage ultrasonication approach. The resulting materials were characterized by FTIR, SEM, TEM, and XRD to evaluate their structural, morphological, and chemical properties. The findings reveal that IPA provides the most effective exfoliation, yielding few-layer graphene (FLG) with minimal oxidation and structural distortion. FTIR spectra showed reduced hydroxyl and carbonyl peaks in IPA-treated samples, while SEM and TEM confirmed more open and less-stacked layers. XRD analysis indicated decreased crystallinity and larger interlayer spacing. These results demonstrate that solvent selection plays a critical role in determining exfoliation performance, with IPA emerging as the most efficient and environmentally friendly medium for graphene production from LRC.

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