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All Journal Jurnal Konseling dan Pendidikan Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn) REFLEKSI EDUKATIKA JEES (Journal of English Educators Society) EDULITE: Journal of English Education, Literature and Culture Media Penelitian Pendidikan : Jurnal Penelitian dalam Bidang Pendidikan dan Pengajaran ETERNAL: English Teaching Journal Al Ishlah Jurnal Pendidikan CARADDE: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat JURNAL PENDIDIKAN TAMBUSAI Voices of English Language Education Society JOLLT Journal of Languages and Language Teaching Indonesian Journal of EFL and Linguistics Archive: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Jurnal Pengabdian Mandiri Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies Lead Journal TRANSFORMATIKA: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya International Journal of Educational Narratives
Senowarsito, Senowarsito
Universitas PGRI Semarang
Religion Aerospace Engineering Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Computer Science & IT Education Health Professions Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Library & Information Science Mathematics Neuroscience Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Questioning and reason-giving in EFL spoken interaction as expressions of critical-thinking orientations Oktavia Dwi Putri Larasati; Senowarsito Senowarsito; Jafar Sodiq
JEES (Journal of English Educators Society) Vol 11 No 2 (2026): October
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/jees.v11i2.2056

Abstract

Critical thinking in EFL speaking can be expressed through questioning and reason-giving during classroom interaction. However, how these speech acts function and can be interpreted as critical-thinking orientations across different communicative contexts remains underexplored. This qualitative case study examined the illocutionary functions of questioning and reason-giving, how they could be interpreted through Facione’s critical-thinking framework, and how communicative demands shaped their emergence in transactional and interpersonal speaking activities. The participants were 46 undergraduate EFL learners. Classroom interactions were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using Searle’s Speech Act Theory and Facione’s framework, with MAXQDA 2024 supporting the coding and analysis. Of the 230 segments analyzed, 103 involved questioning and 127 involved reason-giving. Information Seeking was the most frequent questioning function (87 occurrences), while Causal Explanation (55 occurrences) and Justification (40 occurrences) were prominent reason-giving functions. In the code co-occurrence analysis, Analysis showed the most intersections, followed by Explanation and Evaluation, whereas Self-Regulation had the fewest. Role-play primarily involved information seeking to address information gaps, while discussion featured defense of argument as learners responded to contrasting viewpoints. Problem-solving prominently involved causal explanation and justification as learners examined problems and considered solutions. These patterns suggest that different communicative demands provided distinct opportunities for learners to express critical-thinking orientations through questioning and reason-giving.   Highlights:1. Information Seeking was the most frequent questioning function, while CausalExplanation and Justification were prominent forms of reason-giving in EFL spokeninteraction.2. Questioning and reason-giving reflected different critical-thinking orientations, withAnalysis, Explanation, and Evaluation emerging most prominently in classroominteraction.3. Different communicative demands shaped questioning and reason-giving: role-playaddressed information gaps, discussion engaged contrasting viewpoints, and problem-solving involved explaining problems and supporting solutions.
Co-Authors AB Prabowo Achmad Buchori Achmad Bukhori Aditi Verma Agnesia Stefanny Susanto Amin Wibowo Arri Handayani Arso Setyaji Budiawan, Raden Yusuf Sidiq Bunyamin Bunyamin Catur Nita Oktavia Dina Prasetyowati Fajrin Dwi Artika Farah Amalia Fauziah Ratna Hapsari Firas Fouzi Ibsheeyah Hansen Lutfiartha Harjito - Harto Nuroso Haryo Kusumo Heri Prabowo Iin Purnamasari Indriasari, Ika Jafar Sodiq, Jafar Lasminto Lasminto Leila Nurul Amali Mafaza Nabila Marlina, Dian Mat Ibnu Mega Novita Nazla Maharani Umaya Oktavia Dwi Putri Larasati Purwanto Lephen Rifki Hermana Rizki Fauzan Siti Fitriana Siti Musarokah Siti Nur’aini Siti Sa’adatul Abadiyah Soedjono Sukma Nur Ardini Sutomo Sutomo Suwandi Suwandi Vita Prasastyningrum