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All Journal Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Business Balance: Jurnal Ekonomi
Saajidah, Annisah
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Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering

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Social Welfare Analysis: An Economic Study Of Human Development Index, Income Inequality And Poverty In The Provinces Of Aceh And North Sumatera Fadiya, Feny; Manurung, Mahlina Putri; Saajidah, Annisah; Nasution, Armin Rahmansyah; Pratiwi, Audina; Silaban, Krisnawati; Sirait, Melani Manginar
Jurnal Ekonomi Balance Vol. 20 No. 1 (2024): June 2024
Publisher : Perpustakaan dan Penerbitan Unismuh Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26618/jeb.v20i1.13093

Abstract

This study was conducted with the aim of knowing how much social inequality occurs between Aceh province and North Sumatra province. The method in collecting and processing data uses descriptive qualitative, where the data obtained is described through graphs as a measure of inequality. The samples in this study are; Human Development Index, Net Income and poverty. The results of this study are 1) The Human Development Index is at an unequal point where North Sumatra province is below Aceh province. 2) Through the net income graph, North Sumatra province is dominantly higher than Aceh province. 3) The poverty index of Aceh province is greater than that of North Sumatra province. 4) Through the processed data, North Sumatra province has superior inequality than Aceh province with two samples that are larger. Based on this research, the author makes a suggestion for the government to increase the policy of increasing employment for regions that do not have large revenues, and pay more attention to the efficiency of fiscal policies that have a direct impact on poverty.
Examining the Impact of LDR and BOPO on ROA through NIM: Evidence from Indonesian Conventional Banks (2014–2023) Sinaga, Era Widia Br; Saajidah, Annisah; Saragih, Elisa Clara; Sirait, Melani Manginar; Hutabalian, Relli Anisma; Silaban, Putri Sari Margaret Julianty
Jurnal Ekonomi Balance Vol. 21 No. 1 (2025): June 2025
Publisher : Perpustakaan dan Penerbitan Unismuh Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26618/jeb.v21i1.16392

Abstract

This study investigates the influence of the Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) and Operating Expenses to Operating Income (BOPO) on Return on Assets (ROA), with Net Interest Margin (NIM) as a mediating variable, in Indonesian conventional banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange over the 2014–2023 period. Using a quantitative approach and path analysis, the study employs panel data extracted from annual financial reports and processed with STATA 17. The findings indicate that LDR has a significant positive effect on NIM, while BOPO negatively and significantly affects NIM. In terms of profitability, LDR shows an insignificant negative influence on ROA, whereas BOPO exerts a strong negative and significant effect. Meanwhile, NIM positively and significantly impacts ROA. Mediation analysis reveals that NIM mediates the relationships between LDR and ROA, and between BOPO and ROA, with Sobel test results confirming the significance of these indirect effects. These results underscore the critical role of NIM in enhancing profitability and mitigating the adverse effects of inefficiencies. The study emphasizes the strategic importance of optimizing loan allocation and cost efficiency to improve bank performance. The findings offer practical implications for banking management in designing targeted strategies that prioritize operational efficiency and margin optimization to strengthen profitability amidst regulatory changes and increasing competition in the banking sector.
Analisis Kualitatif: Peran Stabilitas Politik, Investasi Asing Langsung, dan Kualitas Regulasi Dalam Pembentukan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Indonesia Tahun 2014-2023 Saajidah, annisah; Sirait, Melani Manginar; Manurung, Mahlina Putri; Nasution, Armin Rahmansyah
RIGGS: Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Business Vol. 4 No. 4 (2026): November - January
Publisher : Prodi Bisnis Digital Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/riggs.v4i4.3706

Abstract

Penelitian ini mengevaluasi keterkaitan antara stabilitas politik, arus investasi asing langsung (FDI), dan kualitas regulasi dalam membentuk dinamika pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia selama periode 2014–2023. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif berbasis analisis tren makroekonomi, dengan memanfaatkan data PDB riil, indeks stabilitas politik, nilai FDI, serta skor kualitas regulasi yang dihimpun dari Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI). Analisis menunjukkan bahwa stabilitas politik berfungsi sebagai landasan utama yang memengaruhi persepsi risiko dan keyakinan investor. Kondisi politik yang relatif stabil pada sebagian besar periode penelitian mendorong arus FDI masuk ke sektor-sektor produktif, terutama manufaktur, energi, dan ekonomi digital. Stabilitas ini tercermin dari transisi kepemimpinan yang berjalan konstitusional, minimnya gejolak sosial berskala besar, serta konsistensi arah kebijakan ekonomi yang pro-pertumbuhan. Kualitas regulasi terbukti memainkan peran krusial sebagai penggerak pendukung yang memastikan FDI dapat memberikan dampak ekonomi optimal. Kepastian hukum, efektivitas birokrasi, transparansi kebijakan, dan perlindungan hak investasi memperkuat kepercayaan investor sekaligus meminimalkan biaya transaksi. Reformasi seperti sistem Online Single Submission (OSS) dan Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja telah mempercepat proses investasi. Temuan penelitian mengonfirmasi adanya interaksi simultan antara stabilitas politik, kualitas regulasi, dan FDI yang secara kolektif mempercepat pertumbuhan ekonomi, khususnya pada fase pemulihan pascapandemi. Hasil studi menegaskan bahwa pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia tidak hanya digerakkan oleh dinamika pasar, tetapi juga dipengaruhi secara signifikan oleh fondasi politik yang stabil dan tata kelola regulatif yang efektif untuk keberlanjutan jangka panjang.
The Effect of the Labor Force Participation Rate (LFPR) and Population on Economic Growth in North Sumatra Br Sinaga, Era Widia; Saajidah, Annisah; Saragih, Elisa Clara; Sirait, Melani Manginar; Hutabalian, Relli Anisma; Hidayat, Nasrullah
Jurnal Ekonomi Balance Vol. 21 No. 2 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Perpustakaan dan Penerbitan Unismuh Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26618/1s7b6q30

Abstract

This study investigates the effect of the Labor Force Participation Rate (LFPR) and population size on economic growth in North Sumatra Province during the 2018–2023 period. Economic growth remains a crucial indicator of regional development performance, particularly in provinces experiencing demographic dynamics and labor market fluctuations. Using a quantitative approach, this study employs multiple linear regression analysis based on secondary data obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) and the North Sumatra Manpower Office. Prior to estimation, classical assumption tests including normality, multicollinearity, autocorrelation, and heteroscedasticity were conducted to ensure model robustness. The empirical results reveal that LFPR has a positive and statistically significant effect on economic growth, indicating that higher labor market participation enhances regional production capacity and output. Population size also shows a positive and significant influence, suggesting that population growth can stimulate economic activity through expanded labor supply and consumption demand when properly managed. Simultaneously, LFPR and population significantly affect economic growth, as confirmed by the F-test results. The coefficient of determination (R²) of 91.84% indicates that the two independent variables explain a substantial proportion of variations in economic growth in North Sumatra. These findings highlight the strategic role of labor force engagement and demographic management in fostering sustainable regional economic growth. Policy implications emphasize the importance of job creation, workforce skill development, and human capital investment to maximize the benefits of demographic potential and support inclusive economic development in North Sumatra Province.
Analisis Perkembangan Pajak Derah, Retribusi Daerah, Belanja Modal, Pendapatan Asli Daerah: Studi Kualitatif Deskriptif di Kota Medan Tahun 2011-2025 Saajidah, Annisah; Sari, Gustina; Sihombing, Theresia Enjel Octavia; Lubis, Putri Kemala Dewi; Matondang, Khairani Alawiyah
RIGGS: Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Business Vol. 4 No. 4 (2026): November - January
Publisher : Prodi Bisnis Digital Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/riggs.v4i4.4128

Abstract

Penelitian ini menganalisis perkembangan pajak daerah, retribusi daerah, belanja modal, serta kontribusinya terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) Kota Medan periode 2011–2025 dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Data sekunder diperoleh dari Laporan Realisasi APBD, LKPD, serta publikasi BPS Kota Medan, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif kualitatif model interaktif Miles dan Huberman yang meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pajak daerah mengalami pertumbuhan signifikan dari Rp609,38 miliar pada 2011 menjadi Rp2.349,70 miliar pada 2025, dengan kontribusi mencapai 90,49% terhadap PAD pada 2025, menjadikannya pilar utama kemandirian fiskal Kota Medan. Pertumbuhan ini didorong oleh digitalisasi administrasi perpajakan dan perluasan basis pajak dari sektor perdagangan, jasa, dan properti. Sebaliknya, retribusi daerah mengalami penurunan drastis sebesar 66,71% akibat implementasi UU No. 1 Tahun 2022 tentang Hubungan Keuangan Pusat dan Daerah (UU HKPD) yang menghapus atau mengalihkan sejumlah jenis retribusi, sehingga kontribusinya merosot dari 23,9% menjadi hanya 3,03%. Belanja modal menunjukkan pola fluktuatif namun memiliki efek tidak langsung (time lag) yang positif terhadap perluasan basis ekonomi dan peningkatan PAD, terutama terlihat pada periode pemulihan pasca-pandemi 2021-2024. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan tiga strategi utama: optimalisasi pajak daerah melalui digitalisasi dan ekstensifikasi basis pajak, revitalisasi retribusi berbasis kualitas layanan publik, serta penyelarasan belanja modal dengan prioritas pembangunan yang memiliki multiplier effect tinggi untuk mendukung kemandirian fiskal Kota Medan yang berkelanjutan dan mengurangi ketergantungan pada satu sumber pendapatan.
Co-Authors Br Sinaga, Era Widia Fadiya, Feny Hutabalian, Relli Anisma Lubis, Putri Kemala Dewi Manurung, Mahlina Putri Matondang, Khairani Alawiyah Nasrullah Hidayat, Nasrullah Nasution, Armin Rahmansyah Pratiwi, Audina Saragih, Elisa Clara Sari, Gustina Sihombing, Theresia Enjel Octavia Silaban, Krisnawati Silaban, Putri Sari Margaret Julianty Sinaga, Era Widia Br Sirait, Melani Manginar