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INDONESIA
GIZI INDONESIA
Published by DPP PERSAGI Jakarta
ISSN : 04360265     EISSN : 25285874     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Gizi Indonesia (Journal of The Indonesian Nutrition Association) is an open access, peer-reviewed and inter-disciplinary journal managed by The Indonesia Nutrition Association (PERSAGI). Gizi Indonesia (Journal of The Indonesian Nutrition Association) has been accredited by Indonesian Institute of Sciences since 2004. Gizi Indonesia aims to disseminate the information about nutrition, therefore it is expected that it can improve insight and knowledge in nutrition to all communities and academics. Gizi Indonesia (Journal of The Indonesian Nutrition Association) offers a specific forum for advancing scientific and professional knowledge of the nutrition field among practitioners as well as academics in public health and researchers
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 538 Documents
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Front matter sudikno, sudikno
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 39, No 1 (2016): Maret 2016
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

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Abstract

RISIKO KURANG ENERGI KRONIS (KEK) PADA IBU HAMIL DI INDONESIA ., Sandjaja
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 32, No 2 (2009): September 2009
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Abstract

CHRONIC ENERGY DEFICIENCY AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN INDONESIAMaternal mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) is a potential indicator of maternal nutritional status.It can serve as a predictor of low birth weight and other health related indicators. It is used inIndonesia to select woman of reproductive age and pregnant woman for nutrition intervention.However, there are few studies in Indonesia to examine risk factors associated with low MUAC. Theobjective of the study is to determine characteristics of areas, family, pregnant woman, and morbidityassociated with low MUAC (< 23.5 Cm), as a predictor of chronic energy deficiency. Data used for theanalysis is Riskesdas (Baseline Health Research) 2007. A total of 8187 pregnant women were used forthe analysis. The result showed that the prevalence of low MUAC in Indonesia was 21.6%, varied from11.8% in Riau to 32.4% in East Nusa Tenggara. The prevalence is higher in rural than that in urbanareas. The result also showed that high prevalence of low MUAC is associated with familycharacteristics (pregnant woman as dependent in the family, smaller and bigger household members,and poor quintiles of expenditure per capita). There was a negative association between theprevalence of low MUAC with age, education attainment, and height of mother. High prevalence oflow MUAC was found for single mother, jobless, farmer, unskilled labor. There was no cleardifference between low MUAC and morbidity or out-patient attendance in different type of healthfacilities. Keywords: pregnant woman, upper-arm circumference
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEGEMUKAN PADA ANAK BALITA 24-59 BULAN DI INDONESIA TAHUN 2010 (Analisis lanjut Riskesdas 2010) Kusumaningrum, Farida; Sudikno, Sudikno
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 35, No 1 (2012): Maret 2012
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

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Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kegemukan pada anak usia 24–59 bulan di Indonesia tahun 2010. Variabel penelitian meliputi: karakteristik anak, asupan energi dan zat gizi, karakteristik ibu, dan karakteristik keluarga. Disain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross-sectional dengan menggunakan data sekunder Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2010. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh anggota rumah tangga yang berumur 24-59 bulan di 33 provinsi di Indonesia, sedangkan sampel adalah anggota rumah tangga yang berumur 24–59 bulan terpilih yang berjumlah 9.576 anak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi kegemukan pada anak usia 24–59 bulan sebesar 12,9 persen. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara asupan protein, tingkat pendidikan ibu, status pekerjaan ibu, jumlah anggota keluarga, dan wilayah tempat tinggal dengan kegemukan pada anak usia 24–59 bulan (p<0,05). Namun, tidak mendapatkan hubungan yang bermakna antara umur, jenis kelamin, berat lahir, asupan energi, asupan lemak, asupan karbohidrat, asupan serat, status gizi ibu, dan jumlah balita dengan kegemukan pada anak usia 24–59 bulan.ABSTRACTFACTORS ASSOCIATED TO OBESITY AMONG UNDERFIVE CHILDREN AGED 24-59 MONTHSIN INDONESIAN, 2010(Advance Analysis of 2010 Riskesdas Data) The objective of the study is to determine factors associated to obesity in children aged 24-59 months in Indonesia in 2010. The variables of study include: child characteristics, energy and nutrient intakes, characteristics of mother, and family characteristics. This is a cross-sectional study using secondary data of Riskesdas 2010. The study population was all household members aged 24-59 months in 33 provinces, while the sample was selected members of the household aged 24-59 months. The total samples were 9,576 children. The results showed that the prevalence of obesity among children was 12.9 percent. Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant association between protein intake, mother’s education level, mother’s employment status, number of family members, and residences of the children with obesity. However, there was no significant relationship between age, sex, birth weight, energy, fat, carbohydrate and fiber intakes, nutritional status of mothers, and number of children with obesity. Keywords: risk factors, obesity, children aged 24-59 months
PENGEMBANGAN ALAT SKRINING UNTUK HIPERTENSI Harahap, Heryudarini; Widodo, Yekti; Muljati, Sri; Triwinarto, Agus; Effendi, Imam
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 33, No 2 (2010): September 2010
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

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Abstract

THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCREENING TOOL FOR HYPERTENSIONThe increasing prevalence of hypertension is an important public health problem contributing to significant excess disease and mortality. The risk factors of high blood pressure were smoking, sex, age, consumption, activity, obesity, and heredity. Studies showed that subjects didn’t aware about their blood pressure as well as subjects’ knowledge about risk and symptom of hypertension was not good. Hypertension prevention can be done by giving screening tools to detect the blood pressure as well asgiving information about risk and symptom of hypertension. The objective of the study was to develop screening tool to detect hypertension. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Bogor, North Jakarta and Tangerang district. Blood pressure was collected using spyhgmanometer. The JNC 7 was used to classify of hypertension. Screening tool and leaflet was developed based on the result of Basic Health Research data set as well as literature study. The study had three activities that were focus group discussion, validity and reliability, as well as screening tool trial. Results: Validity test showed that over 17 questions only 6 questions were valid (p<0,05, r = 0,176). After re-construction of screening tool questions then validity test was done again. Over 15 questions, 12 was valid (p<0,05, r = 0,07).Eventhough 3 questions were not valid that questions were still included in that screening tools. Reliabilty of screening tool was realiable (α Cronbach’s = 0.586). The sensitivity (Se) and Specificity (Sp) of subjects that had been have 7 scores or higher was had Se 61.6 and 64.1 Sp respectively. Conclusion: This study implies that hypertension screening tool can be used as screening tool to detect hypertension.Keywords: hypertension, obesity, sensitivity, screening tool, specificity
PERBEDAAN POLA PERTUMBUHAN TINGGI BADAN, TINGGI DUDUK, INDEKS SKELIK ANTARA ANAK-ANAK DAERAH RURAL DAN URBAN USIA 7-15 TAHUN DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA Wijanarko, Bayu; Rahmawati, Neni Trilusiana; Sudargo, Toto
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 34, No 1 (2011): Maret 2011
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

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Abstract

Status  gizi  merupakan  salah  satu tolok  ukur  yang  sering  digunakan  untuk  menilai  perkembangan  dan pertumbuhan individu. Salah satu indikator penilaian status gizi adalah pertumbuhan tinggi badan pada anak-anak.  Tinggi  badan  sering  digunakan  sebagai  indikator  karena  mudah  diukur  dan  diamati.  Tinggi badan  merupakan  hasil  penambahan  tinggi  duduk  dan  panjang  tungkai.  Pertumbuhan  indikator  ini dipengaruhi  oleh  beberapa  faktor  diantaranya  lingkungan  tempat  tinggal  dan  status  ekonomi.  Daerah rural,  umumnya  memiliki  tingkat  aktivitas  yang  tinggi  dan  mempunyai  penghasilan  rata-rata  yang  lebih rendah  dibandingkan  daerah  urban.  Penelitian  bertujuan  mengkaji  perbedaan  pola  pertumbuhan  tinggi badan, tinggi duduk, dan indeks skelik pada anak-anak rural dan urban di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan rancangan  crosssectional. Rata-rata tinggi badan, tinggi duduk, dan indeks  skelik pada anak rural dibandingkan dengan anak  urban  untuk  mengetahui  signifikansi  perbedaannya.  Analisis  data  yang  digunakan  adalah  ANOVA satu arah dengan menggunakan program olah data SPSS. Sebelum dilakukan tes ANOVA, terlebih dahulu dilakukan uji normalitasan distribusi data sampel penelitian. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa pada anak urban memiliki rata-rata tinggi badan dan tinggi duduk yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan anak rural (p<0,05). Rata-rata  indeks  skelik  pada  anak  urban  lebih  besar dibandingkan  anak  rural.  Lonjakan  pertumbuhan terjadi  paling  cepat  pada  saat  pubertas,  dan  anak  urban  memiliki  onset  terjadinya  pubertas  yang  lebih cepat  dibandingkan  rural.  Kesimpulan:  Pada  studi  ini  adalah  anak  urban  memiliki  onset  pubertas  yang lebih cepat dibandingkan anak rural. Hal ini disebabkan karena beberapa faktor, diantaranya adalah status ekonomi, ketersedian pelayanan kesehatan yang memadai, kecepatan maturitas, dan nutrisi yang cukup untuk mendukung pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak-anak.Kata kunci: tinggi badan, tinggi duduk, indeks skelik
MASALAH ANAK PENDEK DI INDONESIA DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP KEMAJUAN NEGARA ., Atmarita
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 35, No 2 (2012): September 2012
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

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Abstract

Masalah gizi khronis di Indonesia terlihat jelas ditandai dengan prevalensi anak pendek usia 0-59 bulan  yang  mendekati  40  persen.  Kajian  ini  bertujuan  untuk  memberikan  rekomendasi  konkrit berdasarkan faktor penyebab terjadinya masalah gizi khronis. Analisis deskriptif dilakukan dari hasil pengumpulan data Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2010. Kajian menunjukkan dengan jelas bahwa anak Indonesia masih jauh tertinggal ditandai dengan pencapaian rata-rata tinggi badan ketika mereka berusia 19 tahun. Pada anak laki-laki adalah 162,9 cm, lebih pendek 13,6 cm dibanding rujukan,  dan  pada  anak  perempuan  adalah  152,8  cm  atau  10,4  cm  lebih  pendek  dibanding rujukan.  Terhambatnya  pertumbuhan  pada  anak  mengindikasikan  pembangunan  yang  kurang efisien dalam upaya perbaikan sumber daya manusia. Perlu dilakukan upaya komprehensif dan terintegrasi mulai dari  mengatasi akar permasalahan terkait kemiskinan melalui berbagai bentuk upaya  pemberdayaan  masyarakat,  termasuk  perubahan  perilakunya  yang  dapat  mempercepat perbaikan permasalahan yang saat ini terjadi. Kata kunci: masalah, anak pendek, kemajuan negara
UJI VALIDITAS SKRINING STATUS GIZI NRS 2002 DENGAN ASESMEN BIOKIMIA UNTUK MENDETEKSI RISIKO MALNUTRITION DI RSUP Dr. SARDJITO YOGYAKARTA Ansari, M Ridwan; Susetyowati, nFN; Pramantara, IDP
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 37, No 1 (2014): Maret 2014
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Abstract

Saat ini alat skrining gizi yang dapat digunakan di rumah sakit jumlahnya cukup banyak, namun belum banyak penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui validasi alat-alat tersebut ketika digunakan pada masing-masing institusi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan rancangan cross-sectional. Pengambilan sampel dengan metode purposive sampling yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi minimal sebanyak 101 orang. Skrining gizi dilakukan dengan cara observasi dan wawancara langsung dengan pasien, sedangkan asesmen gizi dilakukan dengan melihat data albumin dan TLC pada buku rekam medik pasien. Untuk melihat hubungan antar variabel dianalisis dengan uji chi square dan regresi logistik sedangkan untuk melihat nilai validitas NRS digunakan uji kontingensi tabel 2x2 dan uji korelasi melalui uji Spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pasien yang berisiko malnutrition berdasarkan NRS 2002 sebanyak 33,7 persen (34 orang) dan yang mengalami malnutrition berdasarkan albumin adalah 71,3 persen (72 orang) dan TLC 47,5 persen (48 orang). Nilai sensitivitas dan spesivisitas NRS 2002 berdasarkan albumin berturut-turut adalah 82,4 persen dan 65,7 persen, sedangkan nilai sensitivitas dan spesifisitas NRS 2002 berdasarkan TLC berturut-turut adalah 55,9 persen dan 50,7 persen. Terdapat korelasi yang signifikan antara skor NRS 2002 dengan kadar albumin (r: -0.238) namun tidak dengan TLC. Tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara skrining gizi NRS 2002 dengan TLC dan albumin (p value > 0,05 untuk kedua analisis). Namun didapatkan kecenderungan pada pasien dengan skor NRS > 3 (OR: 3.078, 95%CI: 0.9-9.76), dan yang berada di bangsal penyakit dalam (OR: 5.330, 95%CI: 1.48-19.09), serta pasien yang tergolong lansia (OR:4.057, 95%CI: 1.08-15.14) mengalami kurang gizi berdasarkan albumin. Metode skrining status gizi NRS 2002 valid untuk mendeteksi risiko malnutrition di rumah sakit setelah dibandingkan dengan kadar albumin sebagai referensi.ABSTRACT VALIDITY TEST OF NRS 2002 NUTRITIONAL SCREENING USING BIOCHEMICAL ASSESSMENT TO DETECT THE RISK OF MALNUTRITION IN RSUP Dr. SARDJITO YOGYAKARTA Currently various nutritional screening tools have been used in hospitals, but only a few researches have been directed to determine the validation of the tools. This research was carried out using cross sectional observational study design. Purposive sampling method used to withdraw 101 subjects which met the minimum criteria for inclusion and exclusion. Nutritional screening was performed through observation and direct interview, whereas nutritional assessment carried out by evaluating albumin data and TLC from medical record. Chi square and logistic regression tests were applied to determine the relationship between variables. The validity of the NRS was analyzed using 2x2 contingency tables and Spearman correlation coefficient. This study found out that subjects who were at risk of malnutrition according to NRS 2002  were 33.7 per cent (34 subjects) and the malnourished based on albumin level was 71.3 per cent (72 subjects) and  based on TLC 47.5 per cent (48 subjects). Sensitivity and specificity values of NRS based on albumin level were 82.4 per cent and 65.7 per cent, while their values based on TLC were 55.9 per cent and 50.7 per cent, respectively. There was a significant correlation between NRS 2002 and albumin (r=-0.238; p <0.05) but not with TLC. There was no relationship between nutritional screening NRS 2002 with TLC and albumin (p >0.05). However, there was a trend obtained from patients with a NRS score > 3 (OR: 3.078, 95%CI:0.9-9.76), from the internal medicine patients (OR: 5.330, 95%CI: 1.48-19.09), and from elderly patients (OR:4.057, 95%CI: 1.08-15.14) that  they became malnutrition based on albumin level. NRS 2002 screening tool was valid method to detect risk of malnutrion in hospital after compared to albumin as a reference. Keywords: malnutrition, NRS 2002, albumin, TLC, nutritional status
PREVALENSI GIZI LEBIH DAN OBESITAS PENDUDUK DEWASA DI INDONESIA ., Sandjaja; ., Sudikno
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 28, No 2 (2005): September 2005
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Abstract

There is a trend that the prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing in Indonesia in the last decade. Overweight and obesity has been shown to increase risk of several degenerative diseases. Using data from household health survey (SKRT), data analysis of 20.137 adults was done, comprised of 9.390 men and 10.747 women from urban and rural areas. Overweight and obesity was defined for body mass index (BMI) > 25.0 – 27.0, while obesity was defined for BMI > 27.0. The study found that the prevalence of overweight was 7.2% among men and 10.4% among women. The prevalence of overweight was higher in urban areas (10.8%) than in rural areas (7.5%). The prevalence of obesity among women was more than twice (13.3%) than among men (5.3%), higher in urban areas (12.8%) than rural areas (7.1%). The peak of overweight and obesity was found at the age range of 45 – 49 years old. In conclusion, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was higher in both aspects, among women than men and in urban areas than in rural areas. The higher prevalence was found at the age of 45-49 years old.Keywords: overweight, obesity, body mass index
KEPADATAN TULANG, AKTIVITAS FISIK DAN KONSUMSI MAKANAN BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA ANAK USIA 6 – 12 TAHUN Harahap, Heryudarini; Sandjaja, nFN; Soekatri, Moesijanti
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 38, No 1 (2015): Maret 2015
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Abstract

Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara kepadatan tulang, aktivitas fisik, dan konsumsi makanan dengan kejadian stunting. Analisis menggunakan data anak usia 6.0 – 12.9 tahun (n=192) dari South East Asian Nutrition Survey (SEANUTS) tahun 2011.Kepadatan tulang diukur dengan metoda dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), yang dikategorikan menjadi rendah (≤ -2 SD) dan normal (> 2 SD). Aktivitas fisik dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan pedometer. Aktivitas fisik yang dikategorikan menjadi rendah (< 11,636 untuk laki-laki dan < 10,311 langkah untuk perempuan), sedang (11,636 – 15,891 langkah untuk laki-laki dan 10,311 – 14,070 langkah untuk perempuan) dan tinggi ( > 15,891 langkah untuk laki-laki dan > 14,070 langkah untuk perempuan). Konsumsi makanan dikumpulkan dengan cara 24 hours dietary recall. Konsumsi protein dikategorikan menjadi rendah (< 80% RDA) dan normal (≥ 80% RDA).  Logistic regression analysis digunakan untuk melihat hubungan antara variabel dependen dan independen. Hasil studi menunjukkan anak dengan kepadatan tulang rendah berisiko untuk menjadi stunting 5,3 kali (OR = 5,325 ; CI= 1,075 – 26,387) dibandingkan dengan anak kepadatan tulang normal.  Aktivitas fisik anak sedang (OR = 0,139 ; CI = 0,037 – 0,521) merupakan faktor protektif untuk kejadian stunting dibandingkan dengan aktivitas tinggi. Anak dengan konsumsi protein <80% dari angka kecukupan gizi (AKG) yang dianjurkan berisiko untuk menjadi stunting 6,4 kali (OR = 6,448 ; CI = 1,756 – 23,672) dibandingkan anak dengan konsumsi protein ≥80%. Selain akibat kekurangan konsumsi protein, perhatian juga perlu diberikan kepada aktivitas fisik dan kepadatan tulang anak untuk mencegah stunting dan akibat jangka panjangnya.ABSTRACT BONE MINERAL DENSITY, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, AND DIETARY INTAKES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH STUNTING IN 6-12 YEARS OLD CHILDREN This study assessed the association of stunting in schoolage children (6-12 year old) with bone mineral density (BMD), physical activity (PA), and dietary intakes. Data on 6-12 year old children (n=192) from the South East Asian Nutrition Survey (SEANUTS) 2011. BMD was measured using DXA, which was categorized into low (≤-2 SD) and normal ( > -2 SD). Physical activity (PA) was measured using pedometers. PA was categorized into low (< 11,636 steps for boys and < 10,311 steps for girls), moderate (11,636 – 15,891 steps for boys and 10,311 – 14,070 steps for girls) and high ( > 15,891 steps for boys and 14,070 steps for girls). Dietary data was collected by 24 hours dietary recall. Protein consumption is categorized into low (< 80% RDA) and normal (≥ 80% RDA). Logistic regression analysis was used to test the association. The results showed that children with low bone density(≤ -2 SD) had a 5.3 times higher risk to be stunted (OR =5.325; 95% CI=1.075 to 26.387) than children with normal bone density. Moderate physicial activity was a protective factor for stunting (OR =0.139; 95% CI=0.037 to 0.521) than children with high physical activity. Children who consumed <80% of RDA of protein had a higher risk of being stunted (OR =6.448; 95% CI=1.756 to 23.672) than children with protein intake ≥80%.Therefore, next to improving protein intake, attention also is given to physical activity and bone mineral density to prevent stunting and its long-term impact.Keywords: stunting, bone mineral density, physical activity
UPAYA PENINGKATAN ASUPAN MAKAN PADA PASIEN KANKER Hartati, S A Budi
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 30, No 1 (2007): Maret 2007
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Abstract

The adverse nutritional effects of cancer can be severe. Patient often fall in a condition of proteinenergy malnutrition which is called cachexia. Cachexia is symptom marked with anorexia,reducing of body weight, losing of muscle, organ dysfunction, hypo albuminemia, increasing ofbasal need, nutrition metabolism disorder and sigh of mal absorption. Cytokines that is producedafter cancer cell come into the body, is supposed cause anorexia. Researcher in the hospitalshow that significant weight loss and poor nutritional status were documented in more than 50percent of patients at the time of diagnosis. Surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, immuno nutrition,and transplantation are all types’ medical therapy that has been implemented to cure cancer.Medical therapy can generate side effect especially gastrointestinal disorder, which causereducing food intake. The objective of the diet management in patient with cancer is to fill needs ofnutrition through well-balanced diet. Nutrient requirement should contain energy 28-42 kcal/kgbody weight/day, protein 1.0-2.0 g/kg body weight/day, fat should be 20-30 percent from totalenergy need. Requirement of vitamin mount up to 10 times of requirement, whereas mineral suchas iron, cobalt, manganese, zinc chromium can mount 2-8 times of requirement. In conclusion dietmanagement is taking an important role to maintain the well-nutritional status.Keywords: cachexia. immuno nutrition

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