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Animal Production : Indonesian Journal of Animal Production
Published by Universitas Jenderal Soedirman
ISSN : 14112027     EISSN : 25415875     DOI : https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jap.2021.23.2.10
Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Environmental Science Veterinary
Animal Production is a peer-reviewed journal published by the Faculty of Animal Science, Jenderal Soedirman University in association with the Animal Scientist Society of Indonesia. The journal was established in 1999 and available online since May 4, 2011. Animal Production was initially published twice a year, then three times a year starting in 2005. The journal coverage focused on small scale livestock farming and technologies which includes the recent science development in animal production, including all aspects of nutrition, breeding, reproduction, post-harvest processing and socio-economics. All articles are available online. Full text available in pdf format and can be downloaded for free. Starting Vol 22 No 1 the papers have been and will be published in our new website (http://animalproduction.id), as the continuation of our previous but still active website (http://animalproduction.net).
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Hewan dan Zoologi
Articles 606 Documents
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Free Fatty Acid Concentration and Carboxy methyl cellulase Activity of Some Formulas of Protected Fat-proteins Tested In Vitro Hartati, Lilis; Agus, Ali; Yusiati, Lies Mira; Widyobroto, Budi Prasetyo
ANIMAL PRODUCTION Vol 17, No 2 (2015): May
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Faculty of Animal Science, Purwokerto-Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (550.311 KB) | DOI: 10.20884/1.anprod.2015.17.2.513

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the levels of free fatty acids and carboxymethylcellulase activity (cmc-ase) activity of some protected fat-proteins base on in vitro Tilley and Terry method. Two sources of fat, i.e. crude palm oil and fish oil and three sources of protein i.e. skim milk, soybean flour and soybean meal were used in the formulation of protected fat-protein, and thus there were six treatment combinations. The filtrate from the in vitro test was analyzed for the levels of free fatty acids and  cmcase activity. The result of this research indicates that different combinations of feed materials and fat give different content of free fatty acid in first stage and second stage in vitro, with the best results in the combination treatment of skim milk and palm oil that give the lowest result of  free fatty acid concentration in fisrt stage in vitro (0.168%) and the highest result free fatty acid concentration in second stage in vitro ( 4.312%) . The activity of CMC-ase was not influenced by different  sources of fat and protein. It can be concluded was that the protection of the combination between skim milk and CPO gives the highest protection results.
Characteristics of Body Dimension and Male Reproduction on Groups of Sheep Population at Pandeglang and Garut Regencies Nataatmaja, DM; Arifin, J
ANIMAL PRODUCTION Vol 10, No 3 (2008): September
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Faculty of Animal Science, Purwokerto-Indonesia

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Abstract

The objective of the research was to characterise body and testes dimension of sheep, the optimal age of scrotal development for selection, and the correlation between body and scrotal measurements as a base for selection. The sheep surveyed were those owned by farmers at Pandeglang and Garut regencies that have been received grants from various government projects (Banpres, Bansos, Bangub, APBD, APBN). Pandeglang area was predominated by local sheep and crosbred between local and Garut sheep. Garut area was predominated by Garut sheep and fighter sheep. Variables observed consisted of body weight, height at withers, scrotal circumference and scrotal length. Data were analysed using one-way analysis of variance continued with Duncan’s multiple range test by mean of SAS software release 6.04. Results showed that fighter sheep have higher body and scrotal dimensions than other breeds. Optimum level of development of scrotal for selection was achieved when the sheep aged one year. Only scrotal circumference and length could be used for assessing sheep fertility, whereas body measurement and scrotal dimensions has low correlation. (Animal Production 10(3): 140-146 (2008) Key Words: Scrotal circumference, scrotal length, sheep, fighter, selection
Isolation and Effect of Al-Tolerant Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganism for Production and Phosphate Absorption of Grasses and Phosphour Dissolution Mechanism Karti, PDMH; Yahya, S; Sopandie, D; Hardjosuwignyo, S; Yadi, S
ANIMAL PRODUCTION Vol 14, No 1 (2012): January
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Faculty of Animal Science, Purwokerto-Indonesia

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Abstract

Abstract. The objective of this research was to study the isolation and effect of Al-tolerant phosphate solubilizing microorganisms to growth, production of grasses and phosphate dissolution mechanism. The planting materials used were S. splendida and C. gayana pols. The treatment consisted of four selected isolates, namely Po = without phosphate solubilizing bacteria(PSB), P1 = RJM.30.2, P2 = FT.3.2, P3 = FT.3.4, P4 = B8016495, P5 = B8016498, P6 = the mixture from four isolates P2-P5. Observed variables were pH, shoot and root dry weight, and P absorption.  The best phosphate solubilizing microorganism on acid soil were FP.3.2, FP.3.3, B8016495 and B8016498. Phosphate solubilizing microorganism could not yet increase shoot and root dry weight production on grasses S. splendida and C. gayana, but had shown increasing P shoot and root content and  P uptake. On grass S. splendida the best isolate to increase P shoot and root of shoot and root, organic acid. The best phosphate solubilizing microorganism on acid soil content and P uptake was FT.3.3.  On grass C gayana the best isolate to increase P shoot and root content and P uptake were RJM.30.2. and FT.3.3.  Organic acid exudated by FT.3.3. were oxalic  and acetic acid as phosphate dissolution mechanism. Keywords: phosphate solubilizing microorganism, acid soil, forage grasses, Setaria splendida, Chloris gayanaAnimal Production 14(1):13-22, January 2012
Behavioural Study of Timor Deer (Cervus timorensis) in PT Kuala Tembaga, Aertembaga Village, Bitung-North Sulawesi Wirdateti, Wirdateti; Mansur, M; Kundarmasno, A
ANIMAL PRODUCTION Vol 7, No 2 (2005): May
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Faculty of Animal Science, Purwokerto-Indonesia

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Abstract

The objective of this study was to observe the daily behavior of Timor deer (Cervus timorensis). The study was conducted in Aertembaga village, Bitung-North Sulawesi for 30 days. Deer were kept out in the conventional coconut plantations under extensive care system.  Seven Timor deers were used in this study. The daily behavior were observed for their activities; as grazing, ruminating, lying, urinating, defecating, vocalizing, working and other activities. A time sampling method was used to record the behavior activities and observations were repeated in five time.  The respective percentage of daily activities of Timor deer for grazing, ruminating, lying, working, standing,   defecating,  urinating,  approaching  and other activities were 31.17; 14.63; 13.54; 6.23; 7.55; 8.51; 3.96; 7.915 and 6.48%. (Animal Production 7(2): 121-126 (2005) Key Words: Care, Behavior, Timor deer, Extensive
Raw Semen Characteristics of Three Different Indonesian Local Roosters Hambu, Emilia Kamung; Arifiantini, Raden Iis; Purwantara, Bambang; Darwati, Sri
ANIMAL PRODUCTION Vol 18, No 3 (2016): September 2016
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Faculty of Animal Science, Purwokerto-Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (653.555 KB) | DOI: 10.20884/1.anprod.2016.18.3.555

Abstract

Indonesia has agreat variety of roosters, either indigenous type as well as exotic and cross breed. The purpose of this experiment was to study the characteristics of semen from three types of Indonesian local roosters such as Merawang, Kampung and crosses Sentul Kampung with Kedu (SK Kedu). A total of 15 roosters consist of  Merawang roosters,  Kampung, and SK Kedu roosters were 5 each. The semen was collected 3 times a week by dorso-abdominal and cloaca massage method. The parameters evaluation was macroscopic characteristics consist of volume, color, consistency, and pH. Microscopic evaluation of semen such as a mass movement, sperm motility, live sperm, sperm abnormality and sperm concentration. Results of this experiment showed that semen volume of  Merawang  (0.40±0.26 mL) was higher (p<0.05) compare to Kampung (0.24±0.12 mL) or  SK Kedu (0.16±0.10 mL) but no difference on semen color, consistency and semen pH. There were no difference in the mass movement, sperm motility and live sperm as well as on sperm abnormality among three types of roosters.  Sperm  concentration of Merawang (4490 million mL-1) was significantly higher than Kampung (3245 million mL-1) and the SK Kedu roosters (3751 million mL-1). Its was conclude that Merawang roosters had good semen quality better than Kampung and SK Kedu roosters
The Effects of Tropical Climate Stressor on Gamma Immunoglobulin Concentration of Serum and Colostrums of Dairy Cows of First and Second Parity Westra, IGKP; Wahyudi, I
ANIMAL PRODUCTION Vol 11, No 3 (2009): September
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Faculty of Animal Science, Purwokerto-Indonesia

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Abstract

The new born dairy calves serum containing extremely low antibodies (Ig) or nothing at all.  This means that their livability or mortality greatly depend on the antibody especially IgG of cow’s colostrums to sustain their passive immunity. An observation and analytical study was conducted to evaluate the effects of tropical climate stressor (TCS) on immunoglobulin gamma (IgG) concentration in three different climate locations in term of temperature (oC) and humidity (%). Those dairy farming locations were: (1) the cold or temperate climate in sub-district  Tutur, (2) the moderate climate in sub-district  Purwodadi and (3) the hot climate in sub-district Grati. Those three sub-districts are belong to District Pasuruan–East Java Province, Indonesia. For these purposes sample of 93 cows were determined using purposive sampling method and 29-33 blood samples (1.0 ml) of late pregnant cows (2–3 weeks pre partum) and colostrums samples (1,0 ml) from respective location were collected. Blood samples were measured for cortisol concentration (nmol/L) using radioimmunoassay (RIA) procedure and IgG serum and IgG kolostrum concentration (mg/ml)were measured using direct ELISA. The study was then set up to ensure factorial experimental design and conducted over summer season. SPSS for Window statistic program was applied to necessary statistical analysis. Results indicated: (1) Evidence of TCS significantly effected (P<0.05) the blood cortisol levels of the cows which was the lowest in the cold (22.28 mg/ml) and the highest in the moderate location (54.07 mg/ml),  (2) TCS was also affected IgG serum concentration (P<0.05) the lowest in moderate climate (4.76 mg/ml)  while between cold and hot climate was not different significantly, and (3) TCS did not  decline concentration of  IgG colostrums (P>0.05) but a tendency that IgG colostrums concentration in hot climate was the lowest. The results suggest that low level of IgG in hot and moderate climates as being critical and efforts must find out to elevate IgG colostrums concentration to provide adequate passive immunity and at the same time preventing calves mortalities. (Animal Production 11(3): 143-148 (2009) Key Words: tropical climate stressor, cortisol, serum, colostrum, gamma immunoglobulin
Determination of Metabolizable Energy of Grape Pomace and Raisin Vitis Leaves Using in Vitro Gas Production Technique Moghaddam, M; Taghizadeh, A; Nobakht, A; Ahmadi, A
ANIMAL PRODUCTION Vol 15, No 1 (2013): January
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Faculty of Animal Science, Purwokerto-Indonesia

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Abstract

Abstract. This present study was carried out to determine the fermentation characteristics, metabolizable energy (ME), organic matter digestibility (OMD), short chain fatty acids (SCFA), net energy for lactation (NEl) and volatile fatty acids (VFA) of grape pomace (GP) and raisin vitis leaves (RVL) using gas production technique. Two fistulated whether with average BW 45±2 kg were used. The data was analyzed using completely randomized design. The incubation times were 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h. The gas production of soluble and insoluble fractions (a+b) were 289.49 and 249.93 mLg-1DM and the rate of gas production prices (c) were 0.015 and 0.024 (%/h) for RVL and GP, respectively. The ME, OMD, NEl and VFA for RVL were obtained 15.74 mjkg-1DM, 96.97%, 0.0505 Mcal/lb and 2.787 mmol, and for GP were achieved 13.63 mjkg-1DM, 87.04%, 0.496 Mcal/lb and 2.484 mmol, respectively, that showed significant differences (P<0.05). The amount of gas production in RVL (126.87 mLg-1DM) that was more than GP (112.10 mLg-1 DM) resulted low ME in GP compared to RVL. It was concluded, that the GP and RVL can be used in ruminants diets formulation.Keywords: metabolizable energy, gas production, grape pomace, vitis leaves Abstrak. Studi ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui karakteristik fermentasi , energi metabolis ( ME ) , kecernaan bahan organik ( OMD ) , asam lemak rantai pendek ( SCFA ) , energi bersih untuk laktasi ( nel ) dan asam lemak volatil ( VFA ) anggur pomace ( GP ) dan daun kismis Vitis ( RVL ) menggunakan teknik produksi gas . Dua berfistula apakah dengan rata-rata 45 ± 2 BW kg digunakan . Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap . Waktu inkubasi adalah 2 , 4 , 6 , 8 , 12 , 16 , 24 , 36 , 48 dan 72 jam . Produksi gas dari fraksi larut dan tidak larut (a + b ) adalah 289,49 dan 249,93 MLG - 1DM dan tingkat harga produksi gas ( c ) adalah 0,015 dan 0,024 ( % / jam ) untuk RVL dan GP , masing-masing. The ME , OMD , NEL dan VFA untuk RVL diperoleh 15,74 mjkg - 1DM , 96,97 % , 0,0505 Mcal / lb dan 2,787 mmol , dan untuk GP dicapai 13,63 mjkg - 1DM , 87.04 % , 0,496 Mcal / lb dan 2,484 mmol , masing-masing , yang menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan (P < 0,05). Jumlah produksi gas di RVL ( 126,87 MLG - 1DM ) yang lebih dari GP ( 112,10 MLG - 1 DM ) menghasilkan ME rendah di GP dibandingkan dengan RVL . Disimpulkan bahwa, GP dan RVL dapat digunakan dalam formulasi diet ruminansia. Kata kunci : inkubasi , produksi gas , anggur pomace , energi metabolis , daun vitis. M Moghaddam et al./Animal Production 15(1):40-46, January 2013
The Development of National Beef-Cattle Population in Relation to Beef-Cattle Population at the Centre and Non Centre Area, and the Policy of National Development Program Sodiq, A; Nurwakhidati, yusuf
ANIMAL PRODUCTION Vol 8, No 3 (2006): September
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Faculty of Animal Science, Purwokerto-Indonesia

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Abstract

The objectives of this research were (1) to find out the development of beef-cattle population at national level, at the Centre Area of Population (CAP) and Non Centre Area of Population (NCAP), (2) to assess the relation between population of national beef-cattle and beef-cattle population at CAP and NCAP, (3) to study the policy of beef-cattle development program in Indonesia. The target of this study addressed to the Directorate General of Livestock Services, Republic of Indonesia. A literature review and communication methods were applied in this study. Descriptive and regression analysis were used for data analysis.  The study revealed that: (1) During 1995-2005, beef-cattle population at national level, CAP and NCAP were unstable.  Due to financial crises (1997), the population at national and CAP tended to decrease, but the population at NCAP was relatively constant.  During 2003-2005, national population tended to increase (0.83% per year), and that figure was less than national target (1.05%),  (2) Population of national beef-cattle (Y) was highly related (r2: 0,95; MSE: 108508) to the population of beef-cattle at NCAP (X);  Y = 4764492 + 0.896 X;  (3) An increase in beef-cattle population during 2000-2005 was due to an increase in calving and cattle importation. Slaughtering of cows should be controlled to increase calving. The evaluation results of beef self-sufficiency program revealed that there were failures in achieving main goals of the program. It is recommended that to improve the contribution of CAP to national needs, the development of cattle population should be focused in those areas.  The evaluation results of beef self-sufficiency program could be considered in the future policy in term of the development cattle population. Some causes of the policy failures: (1) the formulated policy was not equipped with detailed operation plans. The program formulation was limited to title and goal without elaborating the way to achieve the goal; (2) the programs prepared by the government were on national level with top down approaches but only at small scale considering the goal that were going to be achieved; (3) With only one common implementation strategy without considering the regional potential but based on prime commodity instead. Therefore, the program were scattered in very small sizes; and (4) The programs implementation were not carried out with methods that can be evaluated whether they were achieved or not and the program can not be adjusted to suit the local conditions. (Animal Production 8(3): 182-189 (2006) Key Words: Indonesia, beef-cattle population, beef-cattle development program
Technical Efficiency and Return to Scale of Dairy Farm in Sleman, Yogyakarta Mariyono, J
ANIMAL PRODUCTION Vol 8, No 1 (2006): January
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Faculty of Animal Science, Purwokerto-Indonesia

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Abstract

Usahatani sapi perah di Indonesia secara ekonomi mempunyai prospek yang bagus, karena produksinya belum mencukupi permintaan susu dalam negeri. Hal ini disebabkan usahatani tersebut masih berskala kecil dengan menggunakan teknologi yang masih tradisional, akibatnya tingkat produktivitasnya masih rendah. Kajian ini mengestimasi efisiensi teknis dan skala pengembalian, guna menemukan cara untuk meningkatkan produksi susu segar.  Kajian ini mengambil tempat di Sleman, Jogjakarta tempat usahatani sapi perah yang potensial berada. Efisiensi teknis diestimasi menggunakan produksi frontir stokastik, dan skala pengembalian diestimasi menggunakan teknologi produksi Cobb-Douglas. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa produktivitas usahatani sapi perah secara signifikan dipengaruhi oleh variasi efisiensi teknis, dengan rata-rata 0,69. Oleh karena itu, masih ada kemungkinan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas usahatani sapi perah melalui peningkatan efisiensi teknis. Hal ini dapat dilakukan dengan meningkatkan jumlah sapi perah, atau skala usahatani. Pilihan ini sejalan dengan kondisi produksi susu segar yang menunjukkan skala pengembalian yang konstan. Jadi, meningkatkan skala usahatani adalah pilihan yang bijaksana karena pilihan tersebut tidak hanya meningkatkan tingkat produksi susu segar, tetapi juga meningkatkan produktivitas usahatani sapi perah. (Animal Production 8(1): 64-71 (2006) Kata Kunci : Usahatani sapi perah, efisiensi teknis, skala usahatani.
Milk Tofu Onde Quality Ningsih, Dwi
ANIMAL PRODUCTION Vol 4, No 1 (2002): January
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Faculty of Animal Science, Purwokerto-Indonesia

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Abstract

The study on “The Quality of Milk Tofu Onde” observed from its crispiness,colour,taste and texture was conducted to socialise the product of milk. Onde is a kind of snack which is popular in Indonesia and it easy to produce with simple eguipment. As much as 562.5 gs fresh milk tofu, 562.5 gs wither milk tofu and 1500 gs of wheat flour for the purpose of study. Data on crispiness, colour, taste and texture of milk tofu ande expressed in score, were obtained through 20 panelists and was analized with Randomized Group Design followed by an orthogonal polynomial teast. The first factors were sort of tofu (T) e.i fresh milk tofu and wither milk tofu. The second factors were level of tofu (S) e.i 50 percent, 75 percent and 100 percent of wheat flour or their proportion (g) were (125:125); (187.5:62.5); (100:0). The study showed that milk tofu onde from wither milk more crispy significantly (P>0.01) than those from fresh milk.  The level of tofu gave a significant effect (P>0.01) on crispiness. This was shown by  a quadrater  regression of : Y1 = c9.0712  + 0.5093X c  0.0030X2 and Y2 = c3.3865 + 0.4949X c 0.0033X2 for fresh milk tofu and wither milk tofu respectively. Milk tofu onde from wither milk more brownnes significantly (P>0.01) than those fron fresh milk. The level of  tofu gave a significant effect (P>0.01) on colour. This was shown by a linier regression of Y1 = 8.4244 + 4.4625x and Y2 = 8.7734  + 10.0745X for fresh milk tofu and wither milk  tofu respectively. Milk tofu onde from wither milk more delicious significantly (P>0.01) than those from fresh milk. The level of tofu gave a significant effect (P>0.01) on taste. This was shown by a linier regressions of Y1 = 8.3383 + 0.0422 X and by a quadrater regression of Y2 = 3.5200 + 0.5156 X – 0.0033 X2 for fresh milk tofu and wither milk tofu respectively. Texture of milk tofu onde from fresh milk more dense significantly (P>0.01) than tose from wither milk. The level of tofu gave a significant effect (P>0.01) on texture. This was shown by a linier regressions of Y1= 5.4150 + 11.9630 X and Y2= 10.7880 + 1.5633 X for fresh milk tofu and wither milk tofu respectively. The study indicated that milk tofu onde from wither milk being more crispy, brownness, delicious and denseless texture than those from fresh milk. The best level of milk tofu was 75% on daugh. (Animal Production 4(1): 11-20 (2002)Key words : “Milk tofu onde”, crispiness

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