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INDONESIA
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 26139456     EISSN : 25992570     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture publishes original articles, review articles, case studies and short communications on the fundamentals, applications and management of Sustainable Agriculture areas in collaboration with Indonesian Agrotechnology / Agroecotechnology Association (PAGI), Asia Pacific Network for Sustainable Agriculture, Food and Energy (SAFE-Network), and Indonesian Agricultural Higher Education Communication Forum (FKPTPI). This journal has two issues in a year and it will be published in April and October.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 122 Documents
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Analysis of the Emerging Market for Poultry By-Products in Ghana Etriakor Kofi Gbordzoe; Edward Ebo Onumah; Akwasi Mensah-Bonsu
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 39, No 1 (2024): April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v39i1.82925

Abstract

The paper examined the emerging poultry by-products market, delving into the nature, revenue generation, influencing factors, and constraints of the market, using data from poultry farmers, aggregators, and cattle farmers. The paper described the nature of the market using descriptive statistics and a flow chart, estimated its contribution to poultry revenue, and examined the factors influencing the proportion of revenue contributed using a Tobit model. Kendall’s coefficient of concordance was used to measure the level of agreement among the poultry farmers in ranking identified constraints. The poultry by-product market is currently characterized by only poultry droppings trading, with Côte d’Ivoire as the largest user (76% of the consumption) in cross-border informal trade and an average selling price of 8.39 USD per metric ton. The emerging market for the by-products can be described as seasonal. Annual revenue per poultry farmer for poultry droppings is 1,072.26 USD. Management type, production scale, and membership of poultry farmers’ association influenced the proportion of revenue contributed from poultry droppings. The emerging poultry droppings market provided an opportunity for small-scale farms to earn additional income and organic manure to support sustainable farming. The key constraints among the poultry farmers participating in the by-products market were low prices and a lack of processing and storage facilities. The study recommended that agriculture sector development agencies should support the development of value chains for poultry droppings and other poultry by-products to help expand the market for sustainable agriculture production under the circular economy framework.
Noxious Weed Species Monochoria vaginalis Resistant to Synthetic Auxin and Acetolactate Synthase Inhibitor Herbicides Ryan Widianto; Denny Kurniadie
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 39, No 2 (2024): October
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v39i2.86507

Abstract

Monochoria vaginalis (Burm. f.) C. Presl is a dominant weed in paddy rice cultivation, significantly threatening productivity and farming sustainability. In Subang, Indonesia, synthetic auxin and acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors are commonly used to control M. vaginalis. However, farmers have currently reported declining efficacy of these herbicides. Therefore, this study aimed to confirm the resistance of M. vaginalis to the early post-emergence application of synthetic auxin and ALS inhibitors. Plant bioassays were conducted using the pot test method to determine resistance level. Herbicides were applied 2 weeks after planting M. vaginalis at 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 times the recommended dose, and untreated plants as control. Herbicides tested were 2,4-D, bensulfuron-methyl, bispyribac sodium, penoxulam, and sulfentrazone. The results obtained based on resistance index values (RI) showed that M. vaginalis populations from Kediri and Gandasari, Subang, had moderately to high resistance to 2,4-D (RI: 8.15 and 13.0) and bensulfuron-methyl (RI: 205.61 and 21.80). Weed was moderately resistant to bispyribac sodium (RI of Kediri biotype: 8.79) and had low to moderate resistance to penoxulam herbicides (RI: 8.94 and 3.56). In contrast, M. vaginalis-resistant biotypes remained susceptible to sulfentrazone (protoporphyrinogen oxidase/PPO inhibitors) herbicide. A significant increase in GR50 was observed between 28 and 56 days after herbicide application, signifying enhanced regrowth. The resistance of M. vaginalis to synthetic auxin and ALS inhibitors presents the need for farmers to consider alternative herbicides, such as PPO inhibitors, to prevent the development of resistant weeds.
Effect of Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) on the Leaf Growth of Vanda limbata Blume Orchid In Vivo Sischa Aulia Putri Az Zahra; Nintya Setiari; Yulita Nurchayati
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 39, No 1 (2024): April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v39i1.77888

Abstract

Vanda limbata is a natural orchid with slow growth and is often taken directly from the forest in large quantities, threatening its sustainability. Ex-situ preservation efforts are needed for this orchid, one of which is through cultivation with the addition of Benzyl Amino Purin (BAP), known to increase shoot growth. This research aims to analyze the effect of BAP and determine its optimal concentration on the growth of V. limbata orchids. This research used a single-factor completely randomized design in BAP concentrations of 0, 25 and 50 mg l-1 with 5 replications. The method used was spraying BAP solution once a week on all parts of adult V. limbata orchids aged ±2 years. The research was conducted for 3 months in the experimental garden with parameters observed in the form of the number of new leaves, elongation of old leaves, the length of new leaves, increase in the width of old leaves, the width of new leaves, stomatal density and the number of roots. The results showed that the most effective BAP concentration was 50 mg l-1 for the number of new leaves which increased by 200%, the length of old leaves which increased by 168.66% and the length of new leaves which increased by 800%, but resulted in less stomatal density than the control. BAP can increase the growth of V. limbata orchid leaves. This research can be a recommendation for ex-situ conservation efforts that have the potential to be developed as a means of orchid cultivation.
Comparative Analysis of Profitability Drivers of Pig Production Systems in Northern Uganda Caleb Ibukunoluwa Adewale; Elias Munezero; Elly Kurobuza Ndyomugyenyi; Basil Mugonola
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 39, No 2 (2024): October
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v39i2.79786

Abstract

Pork consumption has risen significantly in many emerging nations, with producers using various systems to meet demand. However, the profitability of these systems remains largely unexplored. Therefore, the drivers of profitability of pig production systems in Northern Uganda were examined. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire through a cross-sectional survey of 240 randomly selected pig farmers. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, gross margin analysis, and ordinary least squares model. Results revealed that the cost of initial stock (p < 0.1), cost of feed (p < 0.05), cost of vaccines (p < 0.01), output (p < 0.05), and quantity of feed (p < 0.05) were drivers of profitability in the farrow-to-finish pig production system. Further, profitability in the farrow-to-weaner pig production system was influenced by access to credit (p < 0.1), household size (p < 0.1), access to extension service (p < 0.01), and cost of initial stock (p < 0.05). In the weaner-to-slaughter pig production system, drivers of profitability included access to extension service (p < 0.1), cost of feed (p < 0.1), cost of vaccines (p < 0.05), and cost of initial stock (p < 0.05). Researchers recommend that the government arrange sufficient capacity-building initiatives and training, particularly on the farrow-to-weaner pig production system to increase the output and profitability of this production system. Further, the government and non-governmental organizations should make inputs such as vaccines, drugs, and breeding stock available to pig farmers at competitive market prices to enable farmers to make price-responsive decisions.
Role of Ocimum basilicum var. thyrsiflora (Thai Basil) Aqueous Extract Treated with Yeast Suspension in Enhancing Tomato Plant Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum Wurood Hantoosh Neamah; Shatha Fadel Abdel sayed; Fatimah Ali Hasan
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 39, No 1 (2024): April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v39i1.78387

Abstract

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is the most popular vegetable crop in the world. It is grown almost all over the world. The biggest challenge in producing this crop is diseases caused by Fusarium oxysporum. In developing eco-friendly antifungal selective substances for controlling Fusarium diseases, the role of Ocimum basilicum var. thyrsiflora (Thai basil) aqueous extract against stimulated F. oxysporum was studied in vivo. The presoaked tomato seeds with yeast-treated and untreated O. basilicum var. thyrsiflora extracts were cultivated in F. oxysporum-infused soil. This part investigated the recovery role of these botanical extracts against the Fusarium infection on tomato plants, especially on its growth and biochemical traits. The research showed that the vegetative and floral growth parameters of plant decreased significantly due to F. oxysporum infection. The pigment contents, including carotenoids, β-carotene and lycopene in tomato fruits, were also passively affected by fungus infection at variance to phenolic and flavonoid content. Moreover, the O. basilicum var. thyrsiflora extract presoaked seeds remarkably enhanced the growth parameters of plant and the fruit pigment content. There was no significant difference in fungus infection recovery between infected plants that got yeast-treated extract and infected plants that got yeast-untreated extract. However, the pathogen inhibition percentage with extract from yeast-treated Thai basil plants in vitro increased. This research showed that utilizing O. basilicum var. thyrsiflora extract to control F. oxysporum infection of tomato plants was possible and available.
Hormesis in Pathogenic and Biocontrol Fungi: From Inhibition to Stimulation Krisnanda Surya Dharma; Suryanti Suryanti; Ani Widiastuti
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 39, No 2 (2024): October
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v39i2.83012

Abstract

Hormesis, a biphasic response where low doses of stressors stimulate growth and high doses inhibit it, has significant implications for agricultural chemical use. This review explores the impact of low-dose fungicides or pesticides on pathogenic and biocontrol fungi. This study highlights how sublethal dose exposure can enhance growth and virulence of fungal pathogens, while also potentially increasing their stress tolerance at higher doses. This phenomenon complicates fungicide resistance management strategies. The review focuses on specific fungicides such as dimethachlone, prochloraz, carbendazim, and others, and their hormetic effects on fungal pathogens. Furthermore, the effects of low-dose pesticides and fungicides on beneficial fungi like entomopathogenic and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are discussed. Here, low-dose exposure can stimulate the germination of entomopathogenic fungal conidia and enhance AMF root colonization and phosphorus uptake. However, hormesis can have trade-offs, potentially leading to unforeseen consequences for the organism. A thorough understanding of hormesis and dose-dependent fungicide effects is crucial for optimizing disease management and agricultural practices. This knowledge can inform strategies to minimize pathogen resistance and promote sustainable approaches. Implementing integrated disease management that combines fungicides with different modes of action alongside other control methods can be effective. Careful consideration of fungicide doses and potential hormesis effects is paramount for ensuring sustainable plant disease control and food security.
Development of Sustainable Bioplastic Composite Films from Cocoa Pod Husk Waste Cellulose and Kappa-Carrageenan Esa Ghanim Fadhallah; Ahmad Sapta Zuidar; Sri Hidayati; Haidawati Haidawati; Amarilia Harsanti Dameswary; Aisyah Tri Ramadhani
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 40, No 1 (2025): January
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v40i1.92035

Abstract

Cocoa pod husk (CPH), typically considered agricultural waste, contains cellulose suitable for bioplastic production, offering a sustainable alternative to synthetic plastics. Its reinforcement with kappa-carrageenan is designed to improve the properties of cellulose-based bioplastics while reducing agricultural waste. This study evaluates the effects of cellulose from CPH waste and kappa-carrageenan formulations on bioplastic properties. The cellulose was isolated through a delignification and bleaching process, while the bioplastics were prepared by varying the ratios of cellulose and kappa-carrageenan in six different formulations. The resulting films were evaluated for their physical, mechanical, and barrier properties, as well as their stability and biodegradability. The ratio of cellulose to kappa-carrageenan significantly impacts the films’ properties. Significant improvements in tensile strength were observed in P5 (2 g cellulose, 8 g kappa-carrageenan) and P6 (10 g kappa-carrageenan), increasing by 79% and 240%, respectively, as the cellulose concentration decreased and kappa-carrageenan increased. However, the significant drawback in barrier properties was found in water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), with the higher kappa-carrageenan and lower cellulose concentrations films resulting in increased WVTR values by 13% (P5) and 17% (P6). The bioplastic with P1 (8 g cellulose, 2 g carrageenan), P2 (6 g cellulose, 4 g carrageenan), P3 (5 g cellulose, 5 g carrageenan), and P4 (4 g cellulose, 6 g carrageenan) formulations completely degraded in 3 weeks, while those with higher kappa-carrageenan content degraded faster, with P5 completely degrading in 2 weeks and P6 in 1 week. This study implies a potential reduction in environmental impact by replacing conventional plastics with the development of biodegradable materials derived from agricultural waste and promoting sustainable agricultural practices by utilizing CPH.
Identification and Reduction of Bitter Taste Determinant Compounds in Chocolate Spread Formulated with Candlenut Zenita Mulya Astuti; Dwi Larasatie Nur Fibri; Siham Ayouaz; Dimas Rahadian Aji Muhammad
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 39, No 1 (2024): April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v39i1.80167

Abstract

Candlenuts can be used as a substitute in producing chocolate spread due to their high-fat content. However, the limitation of using candlenut in the spread formulation is the existence of a bitter taste. This study aimed to investigate the effect of sodium bisulfite and sodium bicarbonate soaking treatment (100, 300, and 500 ppm) on reducing the bitter taste of candlenut seed. In order to reach the goal, bitter compounds of candlenut and chocolate spread were identified using Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The sensory characteristics of chocolate spread were profiled using the Rate All That Apply (RATA) descriptive method. It was shown that the panelists identified 14 sensory attributes in the samples, one of which was bitter taste. Treatment with sodium bisulfite, as well as sodium bicarbonate at the level of 300 ppm, reduced the intensity of the bitter taste. The treatment reduced flavonoid and tannin levels by 85.21% and 82.08% in candlenut seeds. It also reduced flavonoid and tannin levels by 88.47% and 72.71% in chocolate spread, respectively. LC-MS identified 13 compounds that cause the bitter taste, namely quercetin, oleuropein, kaemferol, resveratrol dimer, luteolin, epicatechin, theobromine, caffeine, iso-humolones, colaflavone, chlorogenic acid, feruloyl-caffeoylquinic acid, and coumaroylquinic acid. This study creates a new technique for producing chocolate spread formulated with candlenuts with lower bitterness levels.
Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in East Nusa Tenggara Province of Indonesia: Genetic Characterization and Strain Detection Yustina Maria Silvia Wonga Puu; Itji Diana Daud; Andi Nasruddin; Melina Melina
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 39, No 2 (2024): October
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v39i2.91748

Abstract

Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an invasive pest of corn plants spreading throughout the world, including East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), Indonesia. Despite the wide distribution, there is a lack of information on the strain or genetic diversity of the pest in NTT. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the strain of S. frugiperda from several areas in NTT with a molecular method using cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) and triose phosphate isomerase (Tpi) gene markers. The samples were collected from 3 islands: Timor, Flores, and Sumba. Amplification of the marker genes was carried out using 3 specific primers to identify the strain obtained from samples. Subsequently, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products were sequenced and the DNA sequences were analyzed using the BioEdit and BLAST programs. Phylogeny analyses were carried out using the MEGA 11 program to verify the strain group of samples with reference isolates from other countries found in GenBank. The PCR results showed product amplicon size 811 bp for the CO1A marker. Based on phylogeny tree analysis using COI marker, S. frugiperda from NTT showed 2 clades, namely corn and rice strains. The characterization results showed that S. frugiperda in NTT comprised 63.6% corn and 36.4% rice strains. COIB classified S. frugiperda from NTT into the h4 haplotype subgroup, while Tpi gene marker was in the corn strain. This study provided valuable information regarding the strain of S. frugiperda in Indonesia to determine the appropriate control strategy.
Effect of Different Types of Biochar Applications and Phosphate Fertilizer on the Quality and Yield of Edamame Soybeans on Andisols Ramdhana Karimah; Benito Heru Purwanto; Eko Hanudin; Sri Nuryani Hidayah Utami; Margi Asih Maimunah
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 39, No 1 (2024): April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v39i1.80217

Abstract

Edamame soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivation in phosphorus-limited Andisols presents a formidable challenge due to restricted phosphorus availability despite high phosphorus retention. Unlocking the full potential of this crop demands innovative solutions. This study delves into the transformative effects of biochar and phosphorus fertilizer, individually and synergistically, on edamame soybean growth in Andisols. Employing a randomized complete block design, researchers investigate three types of biochar (B0: control, B1: biochar pellets, B2: biochar powder) and four phosphorus fertilizer rates (P0: control, P1: 27 kg ha-1 P2O5, P2: 54 kg ha-1 P2O5, P3: 81 kg ha-1 P2O5). The bamboo-derived biochar was produced using the Kon-tiki method at ±500 °C. The study reveals no significant interaction between biochar and phosphorus fertilizer. Individually, treatments with B1, B2, and phosphorus fertilizers significantly enhance ammonium, nitrate, and phosphorus availability compared to B0 and P0. Biochar-induced modifications improve phosphorus and nitrogen absorption by roots, resulting in increased shoot dry weight and the root/shoot ratio. However, the number of leaves is solely influenced by phosphorus fertilizer treatment. Additionally, both biochar and phosphorus fertilizers contribute to nitrate reductase activity, root volume, an increased number of pods per plant and higher protein content in edamame soybeans. B2 outperforms B1 and high P3 intensifies this effect, improving nutrient uptake and yield. In summary, biochar and phosphorus fertilizers demonstrate significant potential to revolutionize edamame soybean cultivation in phosphorus-limited Andisols, optimizing pod number per plant and enhancing quality with elevated protein content.

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