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Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 26139456     EISSN : 25992570     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture publishes original articles, review articles, case studies and short communications on the fundamentals, applications and management of Sustainable Agriculture areas in collaboration with Indonesian Agrotechnology / Agroecotechnology Association (PAGI), Asia Pacific Network for Sustainable Agriculture, Food and Energy (SAFE-Network), and Indonesian Agricultural Higher Education Communication Forum (FKPTPI). This journal has two issues in a year and it will be published in April and October.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 100 Documents
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Identifying Institutions and Strategic Programs to Increase Sugarcane Production in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia Sulaiman, Andi Amran; Arsyad, Muhammad; Rahmatullah, Rio Akbar; Ridwan, Muhammad
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 38, No 1 (2023): April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v38i1.69869

Abstract

The decline in the productivity of the national sugarcane commodity has become an issue in the last ten years. When domestic demand for sugar is increasing, the decline in productivity indicates a crisis in sugarcane production. At the same time, the involved institutions and strategic programs to encourage sugarcane production have not been well identified. The research aims to determine the institutions that are expected to play a role and the strategic programs that are prioritized in increasing sugarcane production in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. This study uses Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM) to formulate complexity, hierarchy (levels) and classification among elements. The results showed that of the 14 sub-elements of the acting institutions studied, five institutions were key actors for increasing production, namely banking institutions; universities; agricultural, plantation and fisheries offices; industry, trade, cooperatives, & Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs') offices; and private companies. Then, from the 13 sub-elements of the strategic programs, there are five strategic programs that also serve as the key programs, namely extension/assisting farmers; addition of plantation labor; providing access to capital; variations of profit-sharing and buying systems of sugarcane; and accuracy of time and adequacy of the supply of raw materials to the mills. This means that these institutions must play an important role, as well as strategic programs that must be carried out effectively to address the issue of sugarcane production in the country. Thus, researchers recommend involving all stakeholders in conducting strategic programs with the key actors as the leading driving institutions.
Analysis of the Effects of Climate Change on Cotton Production in Maharashtra State of India Using Statistical Model and GIS Mapping Sengupta, Anirup; Thangavel, Mohanasundari
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 38, No 1 (2023): April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v38i1.64377

Abstract

Cotton is a prominent cash crop cultivated for fiber, edible oil and oil cake. A global environmental issue, like climate change, alters weather parameters necessary for the healthy growth and development of cotton plants, affecting fiber quality and economic yield. The study aims to illustrate the evidence of climate change in Maharashtra and assess its impact on the production of cotton in this region. The study was conducted in the state of Maharashtra, India. Geographic information system (GIS)-based models were created based on the vector data (geopolitical boundaries of the state of Maharashtra and its districts) and the corresponding raster attributes (meteorological data) to examine the changes in the patterns of distribution of temperature, rainfall and severity of drought (Standardized Precipitation Index-SPI) over the study period (1990 to 2015). Further, a statistical multiple linear regression model was developed using district-wise data on yield and climatic parameters obtained from International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) to estimate the relationship between the dependent variable (yield of cotton) and the independent variables (annual rainfall and annual mean temperature). GIS modeling and mapping provide evidence of changes in the spatial distribution of rainfall and temperature. Although the regression analysis seems weak, it is acceptable for natural systems because natural systems are complex and often highly variable, making it difficult to create a perfect model. The multiple linear regression model shows that such changes in climatic parameters have a significant negative impact on the economic yield of cotton.
Comparison of Different Techno-Functional Properties of Raw Lemon Pomace and Lemon Pomace Powder, and Development of Nutritional Biscuits by Incorporation of Lemon Pomace Powder Hussain, Ashiq; Kauser, Tusneem; Aslam, Jawed; Quddoos, Muhammad Yousaf; Ali, Atif; Kauser, Samina; Kabir, Khurram; Rafique, Ayesha; Noreen, Saima; Iftikhar, Khansa; Siddique, Tahira; Gorsi, Faiza Iftikhar
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 38, No 1 (2023): April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v38i1.67769

Abstract

Lemon is one among the fruits of a highly respectable class known as citrus, well known for its nutritious juice and beverage products, rich with a range of micro and macro elements, and functional bioactives. After extraction of juice, the pomace left has great potential as a sustainable agricultural processing by-product, due to its vast application in the food, feed and pharma industries. Lemon pomace powder was prepared from the by-product obtained after the extraction of juice from the lemon. Dried lemon pomace powder contained fiber (60.12 g 100 g-1), moisture (10.67 g 100 g-1), protein (4.89 g 100 g-1), fat (2.17 g 100 g-1), sugar (4.81 g 100 g-1) and ash (3.21 g 100 g-1), indicating higher amounts of ash, fat and fiber contents than wheat flour. The water-holding and oil-holding capacities of lemon pomace powder were noticed 5.9 and 3.2 g, respectively. Lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) of powder were decreased while redness (a*) was increased in powder as compared to raw pomace. Water activity was decreased, while dry matter and pH of pomace powder were significantly increased as compared to raw pomace. Microbiological analyses revealed lower mold, yeast and total viable counts in lemon pomace powder as compared to raw lemon pomace. Dried lemon pomace powder was replaced with wheat flour at concentrations of 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% in biscuits. The biscuits were evaluated for chemical and sensory properties. Data revealed that the incorporation of lemon pomace powder improved the chemical and sensory properties of biscuits significantly. Highly acceptable biscuits with good sensory properties were obtained by incorporating 10% lemon pomace powder, with the potential use of promoting health.
Measuring Consumer Involvement and Product Attributes on Beef Consumer Segmentation Muzayyanah, Mujtahidah Anggriani Ummul; Triatmojo, Agung; Qui, Nguyen Hoang
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 38, No 1 (2023): April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v38i1.67843

Abstract

Involvement is crucial in explaining emerging consumer behavior, such as purchasing and consumption decisions. Consumer involvement and purchase decisions are influenced by product attributes, resulting in differences in segmentation. Therefore, this study aims to examine consumer involvement in various beef segmentation categories and their product attributes. This would enable the profiling of consumer segmentation based on their level and type of involvement. The data were collected through an unrestricted self-selected survey run among 303 consumer and 4 consumer segments were identified. Furthermore, the One-way ANOVA F-tests with post-hoc Tukey multiple comparison test of mean scores and Pearson's chi-squared were used to achieve the second objective. The results showed concerned-consumer and cautious-consumer segment place emphasis on the economic value of the product when making purchasing decisions. In contrast, there was no distinction between functional and symbolic values of involvement in each consumer segment. This indicates that concerned-consumer, cautious-consumer, indifferent-consumer and straightforward-consumer segment perceive the advantages of purchasing beef. Furthermore, the concerned-consumer segment scored high on all product attributes. This study found that consumer with high involvement may consider a variety of factors before purchasing a product. Nevertheless, a low level of consumer involvement has less information to be apprehensive about, and improved consumer service can assist the cautious-consumer and concerned-consumer segment by simplifying the various information considered. Also, the identification of consumer segment based on balancing their attitudes towards meat consumption is of fundamental importance for the development of strategies in the red meat sector. The formulation of the market orientation has implications for product differentiation and marketing communication strategies.
Utilization of Cassava-Jicama Composite Flour in Making Gluten-Free Biscuits with Different Types of Fats Richirose, Richirose; Soedirga, Lucia Crysanthy
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 38, No 2 (2023): October
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v38i2.71993

Abstract

Biscuits are a commonly consumed bakery product typically using wheat flour as a primary ingredient, rendering them unsuitable for gluten-intolerant consumers. Using cassava as a gluten-free alternative for composite flour in bakery products has been proven effective. Furthermore, jicama, which has high total dietary fiber contents, including inulin, can enhance total dietary fiber content. However, high-fiber ingredients can often produce a tough texture. To address this, fats such as butter and margarine are typically used to enhance the texture of baked products, although the use of shortening still needs to be explored. Both margarine and shortening are vegetable-based, making them more widely consumable. The production of jicama flour and gluten-free biscuits was the focus of this study. This study uses a completely randomized design with two factors: the ratio of composite flour (100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40) and the type of fat (margarine and shortening). Analyses were performed on the gluten-free biscuits to determine the total dietary fiber, inulin, fat, moisture, spread ratio, color and hardness. Results indicated that biscuits made with shortening with a flour ratio of 90:10 of cassava to jicama flour are the best formulation, yielding 2.54±0.00% inulin, 6.50±0.10% total dietary fiber, 19.88±0.17% fat, 2.20±0.10% moisture content, 10.03±0.20 spread ratio, lightness (L*) value of 52.53±0.37, °Hue value of 66.78±0.51, and 869.88±16.07 g hardness. This study shows that jicama flour can be an alternative to producing composite flour for gluten-free products. Shortening, which is not commonly used in biscuit making, may be considered an alternative fat source.
Utilization of Partially Purified Papain Enzyme in Mallika Black Soybean Tempeh Hydrolysate as Umami Seasoning Wihan, Leonardo Aditya; Anugrahati, Nuri Arum
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 38, No 2 (2023): October
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v38i2.71093

Abstract

Tempeh made from Mallika black soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr. var. Mallika) can be fermented for up to 4 days and can be further optimized by adding partially purified papain enzyme obtained from California variety papaya leaves (Carica papaya (L.) var. California). Enzyme can be added to the hydrolysates to degrade protein into short-chain peptides and free amino acids, contributing to umami taste sensory attributes. The study aimed to determine the best ammonium sulfate fractionation of crude papain enzyme and the best physicochemical characteristics of black soybean tempeh protein hydrolysate. The addition of ammonium sulfate fractionation used was 0% to 80%; fermentation time was 2 to 4 days; and the concentration of enzyme added was 0%(w/v) to 1.5%(w/v). The results showed that the 40% fractioned papain enzyme gave the highest protease activity value (0.98±0.04 U ml-1) and most of the papain enzyme was precipitated in this fraction leaving impurities. The black soybean tempeh hydrolysates with 4 × 1% showed the best physicochemical characteristic because it produced the highest umami substance. The best characteristics were moisture content (17.97±0.46%), glutamic acid content (171.58±5.72 mg g-1) that was caused by a transamination reaction, dissolved protein content (470.66±19.50 mg g-1), degree of hydrolysis (43.64±1.99%) and lightness (46.02±0.97). The umami substance’s amino acids are high in content, such as glutamic and aspartic acids (59.89±0.31 mg g-1 and 26.47±0.09 mg g-1). Sensory evaluation showed that treatment 4 × 1% demonstrated no significant difference in umami intensity with MSG (monosodium glutamate).
Arthropod Community Structure Indicating Soil Quality Recovery in the Organic Agroecosystem of Mount Ciremai National Park’s Buffer Zone Kurniawan, Isma Dwi; Kinasih, Ida; Akbar, Rahmat Taufiq Mustahiq; Chaidir, Liberty; Iqbal, Sawaludin; Pamungkas, Bayu; Imanudin, Zikri
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 38, No 2 (2023): October
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v38i2.69384

Abstract

The Mount Ciremai National Park (TNGC) buffer zone is designed to support conservation efforts. However, agriculture in this area is dominated by conventional farming that excessively uses synthetic fertilizers, which threatens soil quality. Introducing an organic fertilizer and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is expected to enhance soil quality recovery in this area. This study aimed to analyze the differences in soil arthropod communities between organic and conventional agriculture and a forest in the TNGC buffer zone to assess soil quality improvement generated by the application of the organic fertilizer and PGPR. Soil arthropods were collected with Berlese-Tullgren funnels and pitfall traps. Several associated environmental parameters, including soil pH, C-organic, temperature, and moisture, were also measured. Data were analyzed using ecological indices (i.e., richness, diversity, evenness, dominance, similarity) and soil biological quality (QBS-ar). Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) was performed to examine the relation of arthropods with environmental parameters. In total, 957 individuals of soil arthropods belonging to four classes and 15 orders were recorded. Berlese-Tullgren and pitfall traps resulted in a similar tendency in most variables, with higher richness, diversity, and evenness values in the forest, followed by organic and conventional habitats. In addition, similarity and QBS-ar indicated that forest and organic communities were more similar than conventional community. C-organic, soil moisture and pH were considered the most deciding environmental parameters for arthropod assemblages. All measured variables in this study illustrated better soil quality in organic than in conventional agriculture. This study implicates the benefit of utilizing organic fertilizers and PGPR for soil quality restoration in agroecosystems.
Fiscal Decentralization and Farmer Empowerment in Indonesia-Timor Leste Border: A Case Study of Village Fund Sipayung, Boanerges Putra; Joka, Umbu; Maulana, Achmad Subchiandi; Onuigbo, Dennis Mark
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 38, No 2 (2023): October
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v38i2.67578

Abstract

Farmers in the border areas often face challenges due to a lack of facilities and sufficient infrastructure. As a nation that shares borders with several countries, the Indonesian government aims to facilitate economic growth in these areas. One viable approach to achieve this objective is through the effective allocation of village funds. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the factors influencing the empowerment of farmers in the Indonesia-Timor Leste border using village funds. Data were collected using a survey method from 325 household heads, who served as respondents. The collected data were analyzed using the Structure Equation Model-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). The results showed that human, social and physical capital owned by farmers on the Indonesia-Timor Leste border had an indirect effect on the strength of empowerment programs funded through village funds. This indicated that apart from implementing policies, the community must also be involved in the planning and implementation of various programs. Furthermore, the central or regional government must play an active role during the designing stages as well as involve farmers and experts in the empowerment process in the Indonesia-Timor Leste border areas.
Macronutrient Contents and Yield of Cocoa Resulting from Two Different Rejuvenation Techniques Meilani, Radhika Pingky; Putra, Eka Tarwaca Susila; Indradewa, Didik
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 38, No 2 (2023): October
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v38i2.57674

Abstract

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is one of Indonesia’s leading and important export commodities. The cocoa plant rejuvenation techniques aim to increase cocoa production and quality. Ring budding and side grafting can rejuvenate old and unproductive cocoa plants. Therefore, this research was conducted with objectives: 1) to record macronutrient contents, yield components and yields of three cocoa clones, KKM 22, RCC 70 and RCC 71, rejuvenated with ring budding and side grafting, 2) to determine the best techniques in rejuvenation program for old cocoa stand based on nutrient contents, yield components, and yields indicators of three cocoa clones. This research was carried out from November 2020 to January 2021 at Cocoa Plantation, North Segayung Production Unit, Pagilaran Company. The results showed that ring-budded plants had the highest N nutrients content in leaves, stem organic-C production capacity, pods number per stand per year, dry weight bean per stand per year and dry weight bean per hectare per year, which was significantly better than side grafted plants. The macronutrient of total parts (leaves, stem, and root) trend was leaves > stem > root. The trend of macronutrients in cocoa were organic-C > N > Ca > K > Mg > P. Based on the macronutrient content of cocoa tissue, KKM 22 have a higher content of organic-C, N, P, K, Ca, and Mg compared to RCC 71 and RCC 70. The budding ring technique was the best in the rejuvenation program for old cocoa stands based on nutrient contents, yield components, and yield indicators of three cocoa clones.
Assessing N2O Emissions from Tropical Crop Cultivation in Mineral and Peatland Soils: A Review Suwardi, Suwardi; Darmawan, Darmawan; Djajakirana, Gunawan; Sumawinata, Basuki; Al Viandari, Nourma
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 38, No 2 (2023): October
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v38i2.75235

Abstract

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from agricultural activities contribute significantly to global warming. Understanding the factors influencing N2O emissions is crucial for developing effective mitigation strategies. This review assesses N2O emissions from various crops cultivated in tropical mineral and peatland soils, providing insights into the impact of land use, fertilization practices and rainfall on N2O fluxes. Field measurements of N2O fluxes were conducted in agricultural fields growing corn, peanuts, and cassava in Bogor Regency, West Java Province, as well as in peatland areas with Acacia plantations and natural primary forests in Bengkalis Regency, Riau Province. The study assesses the total N2O fluxes for each crop and land type, revealing significant variations in N2O emissions among different crops and land uses. Peatland areas exhibit higher emissions compared to mineral soils, emphasizing the need for targeted mitigation measures in these ecosystems. The findings highlight the importance of considering the type and age of land use when evaluating N2O emissions. Land management practices, such as fertilizer use and soil disturbance, emerge as critical factors affecting N2O emissions. Improper fertilizer application and excessive soil disturbance can lead to increased N2O emissions, underscoring the necessity for careful N fertilizer management and conservation tillage techniques.

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