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Chimica et Natura Acta
Published by Universitas Padjadjaran
ISSN : 23550864     EISSN : 25412574     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Chimica et Natura Acta diterbitkan oleh Departemen Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Padjadjaran tiga kali setiap tahun pada bulan April, Agustus dan Desember. Artikel yang dimuat mencakup Kimia Analisis dan Pemisahan, Kimia Material, Kimia Energi dan Lingkungan, Kimia Organik Bahan Alam dan Sintesis, Biomolekular Pangan dan Kesehatan serta topik-topik lain yang berhubungan dengan ilmu Kimia.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 372 Documents
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Bioactive Compounds of Insulin Leaves (Smallanthus sonchifolius) as DPP4 Enzyme Inhibitors in Insulin Signaling Mechanism for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: In Silico Study Wardani, Intan Kusuma; Aulia, Winni Nur; Saputro, Anjar Hermadi; Ainiya, Aliva; Mariska, Soraya; Kamilaini, Diva Arisanti; Vega, Amelia; Maharani, Ayu Puspita; Fransisca, Ni Putu Vina
Chimica et Natura Acta Vol 13, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Departemen Kimia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/cna.v13.n1.55137

Abstract

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is characterized by a relative insulin deficiency caused by pancreatic cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. Herbal-based traditional medicine can be an alternative, one of which is insulin leaf (Smallanthus sonchifolius), which has antidiabetic effects and can lower blood sugar levels by inhibiting glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. DPP4 inhibitors are a class of antidiabetic drugs used in the treatment of type 2 DM. This study aims to analyze and predict the binding patterns of flavonoid derivatives from insulin leaf (Smallanthus sonchifolius) compounds to the DPP4 enzyme inhibitor, to determine the binding affinity of these compounds to the target protein as an antidiabetic agent. The study was conducted using an in silico method, utilizing the Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics (RCSB), Avogadro Software, AutoDockTools (version 1.5.6), and Biovia Discovery Studio 2021 for molecular docking and prediction of binding patterns and affinity for the DPP4 N7F protein. The results of this study showed that the binding energy value obtained from the natural ligand N7F was -11.0 kcal/mol. The binding energy value for 1,19-dihydroxy-2,6,10,14-phytateraen-18-oic-acid with the N7F protein was -9.8 kcal/mol. Therefore, 1,19-dihydroxy-2,6,10,14-phytateraen-18-oic-acid has a more stable binding with the DPP4 enzyme N7F target protein. Based on the results obtained from molecular docking of the flavonoid derivative compounds from insulin leaf (S. sonchifolius), the compound 1,19-dihydroxy-2,6,10,14-phytateraen-18-oic-acid  showed the most potential as a DPP4 enzyme inhibitor among the other compounds.
Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite-Zirconia Composite and Activity Test as Dental Implant Material Noviyanti, Atiek Rostika; Yashfi, Difa Muhammad; Deawati, Yusi; Maryani, Eneng; Hemzah, Sabila Aulia; Ma’amor, Azman
Chimica et Natura Acta Vol 13, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Departemen Kimia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/cna.v13.n1.60026

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is one of the bioceramics that is widely used in various fields, one of which is the health sector as a dental implant material. One of the reasons is that hydroxyapatite has good biocompatibility. In this study, natural calcium sources such as eggshell waste were utilized for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite. However, its mechanical properties do not yet meet the requirements as a dental implant material, its modification is usually done by adding other compounds, such as zirconium oxide. Zirconium oxide can be used as a support material because it has good strength, toughness, and durability as a dental implant. Therefore, in this study, a hydroxyapatite-zirconium oxide (HAp-ZrO2) composite was synthesized for dental implant material. This study aims to determine the effect of adding ZrO2 on increasing the mechanical and corrosion resistance of HAp. The research methods include isolation of CaO from chicken eggshells, synthesis of hydroxyapatite, synthesis of HAp-ZrO2 composite, hardness test, and corrosion resistance test. Based on SEM images, the addition of ZrO2 can reduce the level of HAp agglomeration. The addition of ZrO2 to HAp did not significantly affect the increase in HAp hardness since the zirconia phase formed is possibly dominated by the cubic phase. The optimum HAp-ZrO2 composite was obtained with a variation of HAp-90%-ZrO2-10% which showed the highest crystallinity of 75.37% with a crystal size at 10.15 nm with corrosion resistance comparable to pure HAp.
Antibacterial Effect of Ethanol Extracts of Murraya paniculata Leaves, Smallanthus sonchifolius Leaves, Apis trigona Honey, and their Combination Against Staphylococcus epidermidis Kusuma, Sri Agung Fitri; Herawati, Irma Erika; Nugrahaningtiyas, Felika
Chimica et Natura Acta Vol 13, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Departemen Kimia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/cna.v13.n2.55483

Abstract

Several studies have reported that combining plant extracts may enhance their efficacy against specific bacterial infections. This study aimed to analyze the antibacterial interaction of ethanol extracts of Murraya paniculata leaves, Smallanthus sonchifolius leaves, Apis trigona honey, and their combinations against Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, as each component has shown individual antibacterial activity against this bacterium. The antibacterial interactions of the test materials, both individually and in combination, were evaluated using the agar diffusion method with clindamycin phosphate as the standard antibiotic. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the most potent extract was determined through the microdilution method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines, while the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was assessed via subculture on solid media. Among all tested substances, the S. sonchifolius leaf extract exhibited the highest antibacterial activity, with similar MIC and MBC values ranging from 15.625 to 31.25 mg/mL. Interaction tests revealed a significant difference, showing that the combination of all three agents had an antagonistic effect, whereas the combination of both leaf extracts produced a synergistic antibacterial effect. However, the inhibitory effect of the combination was not greater than that of the yacon extract alone. In conclusion, S. sonchifolius leaf extract demonstrates strong potential as a single antibacterial agent against S. epidermidis.
Synthesis of 1,2-Di(phenyl)ethan-1,2-dione through Oxidation of 2-Hydroxy-1,2-Dipheniletanone by using Copper(II) Citrate Seviani, Winda; Fadlan, Arif; Wirastuti, Vania
Chimica et Natura Acta Vol 13, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Departemen Kimia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/cna.v13.n2.50263

Abstract

1,2-Di(phenyl)-1,2-dione widely used in chemical and pharmaceutical industries and found as a framework in secondary metabolites can be obtained through oxidation of 2-hydroxy-1,2-diphenylethanone using strong acids, homogeneous, heterogeneous, and metal catalysts. However, these oxidation methods exhibit various drawbacks. This study reported the oxidation of 2-hydroxy-1,2-diphenylethanone by using copper(II) citrate to produce 1,2-di(phenyl)-1,2-dione. The oxidation performed with copper(II) citrate and ammonium nitrate in glacial acetic acid as solvent yielded 1,2-di(phenyl)-1,2-dione in 88% yield higher than the nitric acid method (79% yield). The FTIR, NMR spectriscopies, and mass analysis confirmed the structure of 1,2-di(phenyl)ethane-1,2-dione. The oxidation of 2-hydroxy-1,2-diphenylethanone using copper(II) citrate is proposed by the formation of Cu⁺ ions and a resonance-stabilized 2-hydroxy-1,2-diphenylethanone radical resulting in 1,2-di(phenyl)ethane-1,2-dione.
Effect of Fermentation on the Phsyco and Functional Properties of Red Sorghum Flour (Sorghum bicolor L.) Lembong, Elazmanawati; Wulandari, Endah; Harlina, Putri Widyanti; Tsalitsu, Syifa
Chimica et Natura Acta Vol 13, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Departemen Kimia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/cna.v13.n2.57757

Abstract

Modification of red sorghum flour by fermentation method can improve the physical, chemical, and functional properties of the resulting sorghum flour. The purpose of this study was to determine the fermentation time that can affect the physical and functional characteristics of red sorghum flour fermented spontaneous (TSS) and non-spontaneous (TTS). Results indicated that the best treatment was red sorghum flour fermented at 24 hours both spontaneous and non-spontaneous. TSS at 24 hours had a water absorption capacity of 1.04%, oil binding capacity of 1.04%, swelling volume of 7.47%, solubility of 7.57%, initial gelatinization temperature of 76.56oC, peak viscosity of 2855 cP, hot paste viscosity of 2214 cP, breakdown viscosity of 641 cP, cold paste viscosity of 3425 cP, and setback viscosity of 1211 cP. TTS at 24 hours had a water absorption capacity of 1.21%, oil binding capacity of 1.18%, swelling volume of 7.49%, solubility of 8.23%, initial gelatinization temperature of 75.81oC, peak viscosity of 3172 cP, hot paste viscosity of 2600 cP, breakdown viscosity of 572 cP, cold paste viscosity of 5107 cP, and setback viscosity of 2507 cP.
In-silico of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) Inhibitors of Seven Bioactive Compounds from Sonneratia alba Latief, Madyawati; Melani, Fitria; Yusnaidar, Yusnaidar; Tarigan, Indra Lasmana
Chimica et Natura Acta Vol 13, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Departemen Kimia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/cna.v13.n2.59525

Abstract

Cancer is a disorder resulting from genetic changes, abnormal growth, and spread to other parts of the body. Cancer treatment is commonly administered through chemotherapy, which often results in adverse side effects. Therefore, research is essential to identify safer alternative cancer therapies. This study aims to identify potential bioactive compound ligand receptor targets from Sonneratia alba as anticancer candidates in silico by identifying VEGFR target proteins based on their pharmacophores and studying their interactions through the reverse docking method. Docking simulations between the native ligand (Tivozanib) and the receptor yielded promising results, with a free energy value of -12.76 kcal/mol and an inhibition constant of 440.70 μM. Among the seven bioactive compounds, Meperidine (C15H21NO2) exhibited favorable outcomes, showing a free energy value of -7.39 kcal/mol and an inhibition constant of 3.83 μM. Additionally, the meperidine and gibberellin A7 compounds formed three and four hydrogen bonds, respectively, including one with Ala866, and interacted with 15 and 18 amino acid residues, such as Glu917, Cys919, Glu885, and Asp1046. The presence of active sites on the ligand or test compounds that bind to the target receptor indicates a potential for comparable affinity in inhibiting VEGFR-2 receptor activity.
The Effect of Different Synthesis Solvents and Dialysis Processes on the Optical Properties of Carbon Dots from Spent Coffee Grounds using the Solvotermal Method Putri, Wahyuni Eka; Sjahriza, Ahmad; Sugiarti, Sri
Chimica et Natura Acta Vol 13, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Departemen Kimia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/cna.v13.n2.52599

Abstract

The distinctive optical properties of carbon dot (CD) make CD is one of the most widely developed carbon nanomaterials today. CD can be synthesized from materials that high in carbon content, such as spent coffee grounds. The optical properties of synthesized CD are influenced by several factors, including the solvent used to synthesize it and the purification method. The purification process that can be done is dialysis. However, this technique is not always used in several researches to purify CD. This study aims to synthesize CD from spent coffee grounds through solvothermal methods with three different solvents, which are water, 50% ethanol (v/v), and absolute ethanol that purified by dialysis and without dialysis and to characterize the differences in its optical properties. The results showed that CD was successfully synthesized with these three solvents, but the optical properties were different. All three solvents produce CD that emits blue light, but differ in intensity. The addition of ethanol can double the luminescence intensity of CD and CD synthesized with 50% ethanol produce the highest luminescence intensity. In addition, CD purified without dialysis produce twice as high luminescence intensity as CD purified by dialysis.
Maggot as a Bioconversion Agent of Cow Blood Waste and Date Pulp into Feed Raw Materials: A Chemical Profile Study Helmi, Imra Atun; Nufus, Hidayati; Ahdavia, Ikrima; Farid, Muhamad; Sjahriza, Ahmad
Chimica et Natura Acta Vol 13, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Departemen Kimia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/cna.v13.n2.55522

Abstract

Cow blood waste and date residue become environmental problems if not appropriately managed. So far, there has yet to be any special management to handle the waste. On the other hand, cow blood waste and date pulp can be efficiently decomposed by maggots. This research was carried out to utilize organic waste as maggot cultivation by producing animal feed materials high in protein and fat, and to determine the best composition in the feed medium. Maggot feed treatment consisted of household organic waste as P0, mixed feed as P1, the ratio of cow blood waste to date pulp P2 (1:1), P3 (1:2), and P4 (2:1). The maggot flour obtained was analyzed for its proximate, amino acid, and fatty acid content. The results showed the lowest moisture at P3 (2.26%), the highest ash content and fat content at P0 (8.27 and 36.62%), respectively, and the highest protein content at P3 (51.66%). Chemical profile analysis showed the highest amino acids, namely glutamic acid (6.05%) and lauric acid C13:0 as the highest fatty acid. The maggot content, which is rich in protein, can be used as a raw material for livestock feed.
Effectiveness of Magnetic Nanocomposites Modified with Reduced Graphene Oxide Derived from Spent Coffee Grounds for Pharmaceutical Waste Remediation Khairani, Raisya Fakhira; Nurqisthi, Faisha; Nuari, Sindhi Ika; Herwinta, Syifa Rahmalia; Rahma, Aqilla Irfa Muthia; Eddy, Diana Rakhmawaty
Chimica et Natura Acta Vol 13, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Departemen Kimia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/cna.v13.n2.57812

Abstract

The Covid-19 pandemic significantly inflluenced the growth of the pharmaceutical industry in Indonesia, leading to environmental challenges, particularly with the discharge of pharmaceutical wastewater. Traditional treatment methods, such as flocculation and coagulation, hav limitations as they produce large volumes of activated sludge. An alternative approach for remediating this wastewater is the use of magnetite nanocomposites modified with reduced graphene oxide. This material leverages the unique properties of reduced graphene oxide, enhancing the separation and transfer of electron-hole pairs generated in the photogeneration process and significantly reducing charge carrier recombination in the photocatalytic system. This study aims to determine the degradation precentage of pharmaceutical wastewater using magnetic nanocomposite materials synthesized via in-situ chemical co-precipitation. The degradation percentage achieved through photocatalytic testing was 38.34% in basic conditions, with a band gap value of 2.03 Ev, operating under visible light. The characterization techniques used in this research include XRD, TM-EDS, FTIR, and UV-vis-DRS.
Identification of Secondary Metabolites in Ethyl Acetate Extract of Ki Encok Plant Roots (Plumbago zeylanica Linn) and In Silico Cytotoxicity Activity Purwoko, Mitayani; Mundijo, Trisnawati; Astri, Yesi; Rohani, Siti
Chimica et Natura Acta Vol 13, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Departemen Kimia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/cna.v13.n2.50815

Abstract

The Ki Encok plant (Plumbago zeylanica Linn) has been extensively studied and is known to have cytotoxic activity. However, no research has yet investigated the compound content of the ethyl acetate extract from that plant. This study aims to identify the secondary metabolite content in the ethyl acetate extract of Plumbago zeylanica L. roots and to determine the potential of these secondary metabolites to bind with the Caspase-3 protein in silico. The ethyl acetate extract of Plumbago zeylanica roots was tested for its phytochemical properties and examined using GC-MS. The compounds found were then searched for their structures in Pubchem, tested in silico using the CB-Dock2 software, and evaluated for drug-likeness with SwissADME. Qualitative phytochemical tests indicate the presence of alkaloid and tannin compounds. The GC-MS test showed the presence of Plumbagin, Gamma sitosterol, and 4-ethoxybenzaldehyde. In the in silico test, docking between Gamma sitosterol, Plumbagin, and 4-ethoxybenzaldehyde with the target protein Caspase-3 has free binding energies of -8.5, -7.0, and -6.1. The Gamma sitosterol-Caspase-3 complex shows the best free-binding energy among the three ligands. Further in vitro or in vivo studies are needed to assess whether the interaction between Gamma sitosterol and Caspase-3 is inhibition or activation.

Page 36 of 38 | Total Record : 372

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