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INDONESIA
Ajudikasi : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum
Published by Universitas Serang Raya
ISSN : 26139995     EISSN : 26140179     DOI : -
Core Subject : Social,
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
Adjudication: Journal of Law for contains a research results and studies in various fields of legal science. Journal adjudication is published 2 (two) times a year in June and December. Journal adjudication has been registered at the Scientific Documentation and Information Center (Pusat Dokumentasi dan Informasi Ilmiah - PDII) of the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia - LIPI) with ISSN Number 2613-9995 (print) and 2614-0179 (online). The manuscript published in the journal of adjudication will be published by Faculty of Law of Universitas Serang Raya, both printed and online through the Open Journal System (OJS) at http://e-jurnal.lppmunsera.org
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 138 Documents
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ANALISIS PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP DEBITUR DENGAN ITIKAD BAIK DALAM PENARIKAN PAKSA OLEH (PIHAK KE III) DALAM PERIKATAN FIDUSIA (STUDI PUTUSAN NOMOR 63.Pdt.G.S/2025/PN Serang) Suhartoyo; Iron Fajrul Aslami; Safiulloh
Ajudikasi: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): Ajudikasi : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum
Publisher : Universitas Serang Raya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30656/ajudikasi.v10i1.12305

Abstract

This research is motivated by the widespread practice of third parties (debt collectors) forcibly withdrawing fiduciary collateral objects without complying with legal procedures, thereby potentially harming debtors with good intentions and creating legal uncertainty. This study aims to analyze the validity of the execution of fiduciary collateral without a summons or court order, as well as the form of legal protection for debtors under Decision Number 63/Pdt.G.S/2025/PN Serang. The research uses a normative legal method with a statutory, conceptual, and case approach. Primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials are analyzed qualitatively using a descriptive-analytical method. The results of the study indicate that the execution of fiduciary collateral without a summons, without a default agreement, without voluntary surrender of collateral objects by the debtor, and without a court mechanism is contrary to Law Number 42 of 1999 concerning Fiduciary Guarantees and Constitutional Court Decision Number 18/PUU-XVII/2019 in conjunction with Constitutional Court Decision Number 2/PUU-XIX/2021. Forced withdrawal by a third party under these circumstances constitutes an unlawful act because it violates the debtor's rights and the principle of due process of law. Legal protection is provided through preventive mechanisms, including the regulation of legitimate execution procedures, and through repressive measures, including lawsuits to obtain rights restoration and compensation. Therefore, the enforcement of fiduciary guarantees must be carried out in accordance with the law to ensure legal certainty, justice, and protection for debtors acting in good faith
Corporate Accountability for Contractor Deviations in Construction Payment Claims: Legal, Ethical, and Governance Perspectives Arief Koeswanto; Prastiwo Anggoro; Sarwono Hardjomuljadi; Ediyanto Arief; Sami’an; Achmad Soeharto
Ajudikasi: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): Ajudikasi : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum
Publisher : Universitas Serang Raya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30656/ajudikasi.v10i1.11874

Abstract

The Indonesian construction industry is central to national infrastructure and economic development, yet construction projects remain vulnerable to contractual, ethical, and governance risks. This article examines corporate accountability for contractor payment-claim deviations in an Indonesian construction project, focusing on the interaction between contract law, professional ethics, Good Corporate Governance, and ISO 9001:2015-based quality management. The study adopts a normative juridical approach combined with a qualitative single-case analysis of a chemical plant construction project in East Java that used a modified FIDIC contract. Primary materials comprise contract clauses, invoice and Interim Payment Certificate records, supporting claim documents, project correspondence, and professional observations, while secondary materials include Indonesian construction-law regulations, FIDIC-related literature, and scholarship on fraud prevention and construction claims. The case indicates that payment-claim deviations were associated with premature or inadequately supported claims, inconsistencies between claimed and verified work progress, and weaknesses in documentation and verification controls. The analysis shows that payment claims operate as legal-contractual events and governance-control events, requiring clear entitlement, reliable evidence, engineer verification, and an auditable approval trail. Fraud-risk concepts are used to interpret how opportunity, rationalization, capability, and organizational ethical orientation may normalize irregular claims. The study argues that accountability should be strengthened through clearer claim documentation, risk-based internal controls, ethical leadership, DAAB institutionalization, simplified EoT/VO procedures, and safeguards against contractual power asymmetry.
KONSEP WAIVER PENANGANAN TINDAK PIDANA ANAK DALAM PERSPEKTIF KEADILAN SUBSTANTIF Fikrinur Setyansyah
Ajudikasi: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): Ajudikasi : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum
Publisher : Universitas Serang Raya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30656/ajudikasi.v10i1.12347

Abstract

Sistem peradilan pidana anak di Indonesia menghadapi dilema mendasar ketika berhadapan dengan tindak pidana serius yang dilakukan oleh anak. Di satu sisi, Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak menekankan perlindungan anak melalui pendekatan restorative justice dan mekanisme diversi. Namun di sisi lain, kasus-kasus seperti pembunuhan sadis Eno Farihah dan pembantaian satu keluarga di Penajam menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan yang terlalu kaku dapat mencederai rasa keadilan korban dan masyarakat. Artikel ini mengkaji konsep waiver atau pemindahan yurisdiksi sebagai solusi untuk menyeimbangkan kepentingan perlindungan anak dengan tuntutan keadilan substantif. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dan pendekatan konseptual, penelitian ini merumuskan model waiver bersyarat yang dapat diterapkan secara selektif pada kasus kejahatan serius dengan kriteria ketat berdasarkan tingkat kematangan psikologis anak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa waiver bersyarat dapat menjadi instrumen hukum yang proporsional untuk mewujudkan keadilan yang tidak hanya prosedural namun juga substantif, dengan tetap menghormati hak-hak anak dan prinsip kepentingan terbaik bagi anak.
KEKUATAN PEMBUKTIAN TES DNA DALAM PENETAPAN ANAK KANDUNG MENURUT HUKUM ACARA PERDATA Muhamad Rizki Firdaus; Nuryati Solapari; Efriyanto
Ajudikasi: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): Ajudikasi : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum
Publisher : Universitas Serang Raya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30656/ajudikasi.v10i1.12372

Abstract

Status hukum anak merupakan aspek penting dalam hukum perdata karena menentukan identitas hukum, hubungan keperdataan, serta hak-hak yang melekat pada anak. Perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan menghadirkan pemeriksaan Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) sebagai metode ilmiah dengan tingkat akurasi tinggi untuk membuktikan hubungan biologis antara anak dan orang tua. Namun, hukum acara perdata Indonesia belum mengatur secara eksplisit kedudukan hasil pemeriksaan DNA sebagai alat bukti yang berdiri sendiri sehingga menimbulkan ketidakpastian mengenai kedudukan hukum, kekuatan pembuktian, dan penilaiannya oleh hakim dalam perkara permohonan penetapan anak kandung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kedudukan yuridis dan kekuatan pembuktian hasil pemeriksaan Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) dalam sistem hukum acara perdata di Indonesia, serta menganalisis pertimbangan hakim dalam Penetapan Pengadilan Negeri Tangerang Nomor 423/Pdt.P/2025/PN Tng. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan kasus. Bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder dianalisis menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil pemeriksaan DNA merupakan keterangan ahli yang dituangkan dalam bentuk surat berdasarkan Pasal 154 Herziene Indonesisch Reglement (HIR), sehingga bukan merupakan alat bukti yang berdiri sendiri. Kekuatan pembuktiannya bergantung pada saat hakim menilai  keseluruhan alat bukti yang diajukan di persidangan. karena itu, diperlukannya pengaturan yang lebih jelas mengenai kedudukan, penggunaan, dan kekuatan pembuktian hasil pemeriksaan DNA guna mewujudkan kepastian hukum, konsistensi putusan, dan perlindungan hak-hak keperdataan anak.
Disparities in Funding for Public Services between Rural and Urban Villages Muawanah; Ali Maskur
Ajudikasi: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): Ajudikasi : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum
Publisher : Universitas Serang Raya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30656/ajudikasi.v10i1.12374

Abstract

Funding gaps between Indonesia's desa and kelurahan have become a systemic barrier to the delivery of optimal public services. Villages are guaranteed Village Funds from the central state budget, while sub-districts rely entirely on constrained local budgets. This study analyzes the impact of this imbalance on public services in sub-districts and evaluates the legal effectiveness and fairness of Article 41 of Kendal Regent Regulation Number 60 of 2023 concerning Sub-district Community Institutions. Using a qualitative approach, this normative-empirical legal study gathered data through literature reviews and field observations in several sub-districts across Kendal Regency. The results show that the funding gap between villages and sub-districts is significant: villages receive billions of rupiah per year, whereas sub-district community institutions receive minimal or no allocations. This directly contributes to the stagnation of community institutions' activities, such as Posyandu, PKK, Karang Taruna, and Satlinmas, and to the deterioration of public facilities. Article 41 of the Kendal Regent Regulation is considered ineffective and does not meet the principles of justice because it is facultative (“can be sourced”) and contains the phrase “not binding,” thus failing to guarantee adequate and fair funding for sub-districts. This study recommends revising the regulation to include a mandatory, binding clause and a more equitable funding formula between villages and sub-districts.
Presidential Prerogative Powers in the Judicial Sphere: A Review of Legal Politics in Applying the Separation of Powers Fuqoha Fuqoha; Hasuri Hasuri; Rivani Arif Rezeki; Silfi Barten
Ajudikasi: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): Ajudikasi : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum
Publisher : Universitas Serang Raya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30656/ajudikasi.v10i1.12398

Abstract

The President’s authority in the judicial sphere serves as a constitutional link between the executive and judicial branches in Indonesia. Article 14 of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia grants the President the powers to grant pardons, rehabilitation, amnesty, and to abolish sentences. This arrangement demonstrates that Indonesia’s separation of powers is defined by division and delegation, rather than by absolute separation. This study examines the legal policy regulating the President’s prerogative powers in the judicial sphere and investigates the implementation of the trias politica in relation to the rule of law, judicial independence, and constraints on authority. The research utilizes a qualitative, normative legal methodology, including literature review and legislative analysis. The findings show that, while the Constitution distributes power among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, the President retains constitutionally mandated authority within the judicial domain. Judicial independence is preserved, ensuring autonomy in judicial functions. The President must exercise prerogative powers in the judicial sphere in accordance with constitutional principles and with consideration of input from the legislative and judicial branches. Legal policy may influence judicial power if the boundaries of authority within the separation of powers are not clearly defined.
Consumer Protection and Digital Consent in Electronic Contracts: Legal Challenges for Indonesian E-Commerce Junaidi Junaidi
Ajudikasi: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): Ajudikasi : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum
Publisher : Universitas Serang Raya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30656/ajudikasi.v10i1.11876

Abstract

The advancement of information technology has significantly transformed business and consumer transactions, particularly through the proliferation of electronic contracts. This transformation has introduced legal challenges, including questions regarding the validity of clauses that limit business liability and the enforceability of digital agreements such as clickwrap agreements. This research evaluates the extent of legal protection afforded to consumers in relation to exoneration clauses within electronic contracts and analyses the application of valid contract principles in digital agreements under Indonesian law. Employing a normative-analytical approach, the study examines current legal literature and prevailing e-commerce practices. The objective is to offer new perspectives on balancing rights and obligations in digital contracts and to promote legal certainty in digital consent. The findings are intended to inform the drafting of regulations that enhance consumer protection in online transactions. These insights are essential for academics, policymakers, and businesses to ensure the validity and fairness of electronically executed contracts.
REFORMULASI MODEL PENGIKATAN JUAL BELI TANAH BERBASIS PRINSIP DUE DILIGENCE UNTUK MENCEGAH SENGKETA DAN MENJAMIN KEPASTIAN HUKUM Yuli; Abdul Rokhim; Mutiara Balqis Nabielah Rahmi
Ajudikasi: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): Ajudikasi : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum
Publisher : Universitas Serang Raya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30656/ajudikasi.v10i1.12393

Abstract

Praktik Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli (PPJB) tanah telah berkembang sebagai instrumen hukum yang digunakan secara luas dalam transaksi pertanahan di Indonesia. Meskipun demikian, tingginya jumlah sengketa yang muncul setelah pembuatan PPJB menunjukkan bahwa mekanisme pengikatan jual beli tanah yang berlaku saat ini belum sepenuhnya mampu menjamin kepastian hukum dan perlindungan hukum bagi para pihak. Berbagai sengketa umumnya bersumber dari ketidakjelasan status hukum tanah, cacat kewenangan para pihak, ketidaksesuaian data fisik dan yuridis, serta lemahnya proses verifikasi sebelum transaksi dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaturan dan praktik pengikatan jual beli tanah dalam hukum positif Indonesia, mengkaji relevansi prinsip due diligence sebagai instrumen pencegahan sengketa dan perlindungan hukum, serta merumuskan model pengikatan jual beli tanah berbasis due diligence yang mampu mewujudkan kepastian hukum. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual, dan pendekatan kasus. Bahan hukum primer berupa peraturan perundang-undangan dan putusan pengadilan dianalisis bersama bahan hukum sekunder yang berasal dari buku, jurnal ilmiah, dan doktrin hukum yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PPJB dalam praktik masih berorientasi pada aspek formal kontraktual dan belum didukung oleh mekanisme pemeriksaan hukum yang komprehensif. Prinsip due diligence memiliki relevansi yang kuat sebagai instrumen perlindungan hukum preventif melalui pemeriksaan aspek legal, administratif, fisik, dan sosial sebelum transaksi dilaksanakan. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, penelitian ini merumuskan Land Transaction Due Diligence Model (LTDDM) yang merupakan kebaruan penelitian yang menempatkan due diligence sebagai bagian integral dari tahap pra-kontraktual guna mewujudkan kepastian hukum substantif dan mengurangi risiko sengketa pertanahan.

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