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INDONESIA
Squalen Bulletin of Marine and Fisheries Postharvest and Biotechnology
Published by Pusat Litbang Daya Saing Produk dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan
ISSN : 20895690     EISSN : 24069272     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology
Squalen publishes original and innovative research to provide readers with the latest research, knowledge, emerging technologies, postharvest, processing and preservation, food safety and environment, biotechnology and bio-discovery of marine and fisheries. The key focus of the research should be on marine and fishery and the manuscript should include a fundamental discussion of the research findings and their significance. Manuscripts that simply report data without providing a detailed interpretation of the results are unlikely to be accepted for publication in the journal.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 8 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 20, No 2 (2025): August 2025" : 8 Documents clear
Antioxidant Bioactive Peptides from By-Product Canned Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus sp.) through an Enzymatic Membrane Reactor (EMR) Hardoko, Hardoko; Priantono, Azahraa K.; Reda, Flavia D.; Haji, Tunggul S.; Sitanggang, Azis B.; Puspitasari, Yunita E.
Squalen, Buletin Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 20, No 2 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : :Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resources, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/squalen.980

Abstract

As a by-product of the pre-cooking phase, canned yellow fin tuna (Thunnus sp.) is processed into body juice. A bioactive peptide derived from an organism#39;s body juice was developed to create a functional food. Hence, the purpose of the research was to evaluate the biological activity of antioxidant bioactive peptides prepared from body juice. Three stages were conducted to determine the substrate-to-enzyme and enzyme-to-substrate ratios for the production of antioxidative bioactive peptides in a batch reactor. These stages include the production of antioxidative bioactive peptides in an automated EMR with a constant flux and residence time, as well as the production of bioactive peptides using ultrafiltration with membranes of 10, 5, 4, and 2 kDa. The process was conducted at a temperature of 50°C, pH level of 7, constant flux of 8.08 L/m 2 /h, enzyme concentration of 15%, and substrate concentration of 2%. Furthermore, the optimal treatment implemented an automated EMR and filtered through a membrane of size 4 kDa, generating an IC 50 value of 0.604 mg/mL for antioxidant activity. The LC–MS analysis results indicated that the bioactive peptide, which passed through a 4 kDa membrane, contained the amino acid phenylalanine. Therefore, it can be inferred that an automated EMR could potentially be applied to create bioactive peptides from the body juice of by-products of canned yellow fin tuna (Thunnus sp.) that exhibit antioxidant activity.
Antioxidant Activity and Lipid Content of Aurantiochytrium sp. from Raja Ampat and Kepulauan Seribu Witasari, Hardi Astuti; Kintoko, Kintoko; Mahfudh, Nurkhasanah; Suhendra, Suhendra; Rangkuti, Ahmad Faizal; Ilmia, Nisrien; Santoso, Blegoh Iwan; Hutari, Andri
Squalen, Buletin Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 20, No 2 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : :Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resources, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/squalen.1015

Abstract

Raja Ampat (Southwest Papua Province) and Kepulauan Seribu (Jakarta Raya Province) are part of Indonesia#39;s territory, which includes the mangrove forest area. This habitat supports a diverse array of animals, plants, and microalgae, including Aurantiochytrium sp. It has antioxidant activity related to lipid content. This study aims to identify the lipid content and the antioxidant effects of the microalgae Aurantiochytrium sp.’s extract isolated from the mangrove forest areas of Raja Ampat and Kepulauan Seribu. The extraction process was conducted using the Folch method, which involves a 2:1 (v/v) chloroform-methanol solvent ratio. The microalgae Aurantiochytrium sp. extract of Raja Ampat (MAERA) and microalgae Aurantiochytrium sp. extract of Kepulauan Seribu (MAEKS) were analyzed using GC-MS, antioxidant potential tested in silico by target proteins (5ZLG, 2A1X, 3VLN, and 1EEM) using Autodock Tools, and in vitro by DPPH and ABTS radicals and the carotenoid bleaching method. The results showed that total squalene and fatty acids in MAERA and MAEKS were at different levels. Squalene as a ligand had the lowest binding energy (-9.4, -6.6, -7.7, and -6.5) compared to the native ligand (-5.6, -4.4, -5.2, and -5.2) and ascorbic acid (-5.6, -4.8, -5.3, and -4.9) by in silico antioxidant activity. The in vitro antioxidant activities by DPPH, ABTS, and ß-caroteen bleaching were 103.00 ± 3.75, 216.39 ± 367, 214.62 ± 7,07 (MAERA); and 131.85 ± 23.48, 225.50 ± 3.36, 251.69 ± 5.39 (MAEKS) were not significantly different (pgt;0.05) by all methods. These findings showed that the Aurantiochytrium sp. strains Raja Ampat and Kepulauan Seribu contained diverse levels of fatty acids and squalene. In the in silico study, squalene was evaluated and in vitro, the MAERA and MAEKS extracts showed moderate antioxidant activity.
Extraction of Eutectogel-Carrageenan from Kappaphycus alvarezii using Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent (NADES) Assisted by Ultrasonication Enda, Dion Kurnia Alfarobi; Santoso, Joko; Uju, Uju; Ramadhan, Wahyu
Squalen, Buletin Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 20, No 2 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : :Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resources, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/squalen.1023

Abstract

The extraction process of carrageenan from red seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) still predominantly employs conventional solvents, which leave residues that pose potential risks to human health and the environment. Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES) are green solvents that are biodegradable, biocompatible, and sustainable, offer a promising alternative. The process of extracting carrageenan polysaccharides using NADES enables simultaneous synthesis-extraction (SSE). This process operates through supramolecular interactions and facilitates in situ gel formation, resulting in a Marine Eutectogel based on carrageenan, referred to as Eutectogel-Carrageenan. This study aims to determine the optimal extraction conditions, in terms of temperature and time, for the characteristics of the Eutectogel-Carrageenan-NADES (ECN) produced, and to compare them with those of the Eutectogel-Carrageenan-Commercial (ECC). The research process includes sample preparation, NADES preparation, Eutectogel- Carrageenan extraction using NADES assisted by ultrasonication, and characterization. The optimal condition was established at 80°C for 60 minutes, yielding ECN with a moisture content of 18.93%, yield of 28.81% (db), and viscosity of 5.82 cP. Comparative analyses showed that ECN had a slightly lower sulfate content (3.96% db) and nearly identical functional group spectra compared to ECC, along with rheological properties of lower rigidity and a lower melting point. These findings confirm that ECN produced under optimal NADES-assisted ultrasonication exhibits comparable quality to ECC. This study demonstrates, for the first time, feasibility ofsimultaneous synthesis–extraction of carrageenan eutectogels using NADES, offering a sustainable approach with concrete prospects for food, pharmaceutical, and biomedical applications.
Viability of Encapsulated Bacteria using Gel Particle and Foam-Mat Drying with k-carrageenan/Chitosan and i-carrageenan/Chitosan Setijawati, Dwi; Jaziri, Abdul Aziz; Awang, Mohd Azrie Bin; Firdaus, Muhamad; Budiutami, Aryanti Diah Ayu; Alifiani, Alifiani; Mahara, Fenny Amilia; Islamy, R Adharyan
Squalen, Buletin Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 20, No 2 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : :Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resources, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/squalen.860

Abstract

The study aimed to determine the effect of using a mixture of kappa-carrageenan/Chitosan and Iota carrageenan/Chitosan as encapsulating materials for Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum on viability, encapsulation yield, moisture content and aw of microcapsules. The research method is an experimental laboratory design, ANOVA, LSD using the Excel program. The results showed that using chitosan with a DD of 83.5% in the i-carrageenan/Chitosan mixture gave the highest viability of Bifidobacterium bifidum. The combination of i-carrageenan/chitosan coating ingredients with a concentration ratio of 0.5%:1.5% produced probiotic viability (L aci + B bifi) of 6.56 log CFU/g, while probiotic viability (B bifi) was the highest with a viability 6.70 log CFU/g. The highest probiotic encapsulation yield (L aci+B bifi) was 72.85%. The water content of the microcapsules (L aci+B bifi) was 8.96%, and the aw value was 0.63. It is recommended to carry out further testing using a processing factor for its viability.  
Effects of Transglutaminase on the Gel Properties of Indonesian Catfish Surimi Using Response Surface Methodology Royanti, Ida; Nandyawati, Dewi; Putri, Renny Primasari Gustia; Kusumasmarawati, Ambar Dwi; Abidin, Kharis Yohan; Pradiva, Molina Indah; Dewi, Rizky Aulia Prasasti; Gebrina, Amanda Dwi; Purwoto, Heri; Widyasti, Erma
Squalen, Buletin Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 20, No 2 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : :Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resources, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/squalen.1027

Abstract

Surimi is a myofibrillar fish protein, extracted mainly from marine fish, which is commonly used to produce fish balls, crab imitation products, and various other seafood substitutes. However, finding an alternative fish from freshwater, such as freshwater catfish, is important, although its drawbacks include low gel strength and water-holding capacity. To address this problem, transglutaminase addition can maintain the surimi quality. This study aimed to improve catfish surimi characteristics by optimizing surimi production with various transglutaminase concentrations and incubation times. It used Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Central Composite Design (CCD) to evaluate the effect of Enzyme Concentration and Incubation Time. The result showed that the catfish surimi gel strength, chewiness, whiteness, and water-holding capacity were respectively 927.513 g.cm, 3,747.18 g, 79.95 %, and 91.37 %. It was obtained by the optimum condition of surimi production with the addition of 0.85 % w/w transglutaminase and an incubation time of 36 minutes. The overall study provides insight for surimi producers to maintain surimi characteristics from freshwater fish, such as catfish.
Formulation of Carrageenan and Sodium Chloride in Edible Coatings for Enhanced Tilapia Fillet Preservation Pamungkas, Amin; Hakim, Arif R; Fauzi, Ahmat; Sedayu, Bakti B; Wullandari, Putri; Siregar, Zaenal Arifin
Squalen, Buletin Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 20, No 2 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : :Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resources, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/squalen.938

Abstract

While carrageenan coatings offer promising preservation for fish, limitations like water absorption and insufficient antimicrobial strength necessitate more investigation on combining them with natural substances. This study aimed to extend the shelf life of tilapia fillets using an edible coating made from carrageenan and sodium chloride (NaCl). Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the coating formulation, considering film properties such as thickness, swelling index, opacity, and water vapor transfer rate. A Central Composite Design (CCD) identified the optimal composition as 1.4 grams of carrageenan and 0.6 grams of NaCl, minimizing undesirable characteristics. The optimized coating was applied to fresh tilapia fillets and compared to uncoated controls during five days of refrigerated storage (4.5 oC). Quality parameters, including bacterial count, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), pH, weight loss, and color, were monitored. The carrageenan-NaCl coating significantly reduced bacterial growth, with values increasing from log 6.31 CFU/ml on day 0 to log 6.34 CFU/ml on day 5, compared to uncoated fillets exhibiting TNTC (too numerous to count) bacteria by the end of storage. Additionally, the coated fillets displayed a lower increase in TVB-N (22.50%) compared to uncoated samples (31.38%), maintaining a stable pH and experiencing less weight loss (27.54%) compared to uncoated controls (32.96%). The coating also effectively preserved color, indicating its potential to maintain sensory attributes. These findings suggest that the optimized carrageenan-NaCl edible coating offers a promising strategy for extending the shelf life and maintaining the quality of fresh tilapia fillets, potentially reducing losses within the seafood supply chain.
Formulation of nutritious biscuits fortified with minced catfish and Ulva sp for malnourished children Setiawati, Natalia Prodiana; Fateha, Fateha; Supriyanto, Agus; Mardiyana, Indri; Nurhayati, Nurhayati; Sihono, Sihono; Suryaningrum, Th. Dwi
Squalen, Buletin Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 20, No 2 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : :Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resources, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/squalen.1039

Abstract

Stunting is a critical problem that deserves attention and has become a global problem. The approach to reducing stunting is to provide nutritious supplementary food in the form of biscuits for children, especially those who are malnourished. The purpose of this study is to formulate nutritious biscuits enriched with minced catfish as a source of amino acids and Ulva sp as a source of dietary fiber. Design expert software (DX13) ® was used to analyze sensory data gathered from a hedonic scale assessment with 25 trained panelists to determine the best formulation for the fortified biscuit product. Taste and texture were among the sensory qualities that were assessed. In addition, physical aspects such as hardness and color (L, a, and b) are analyzed to determine the quality of the biscuit formula. The best formulas based on sensory evaluation and physical analysis undergo further analysis of their nutritional composition, including proximate analysis and amino acid profile.The best quality products found are biscuits fortified with a formula consisting of 33% wheat flour, 14% chopped catfish, and 1% Ulva flour.The state of the art of this research is the development of functional biscuits fortified with a combination of animal protein (catfish) and dietary fiber as well as antioxidants form Ulva sp., using an RSM-based formulation optimization approach to produce a highly nutritious product that isacceptable to children.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CHINESE HERRING (Hilsentoli sp.) LEATHER TANNED WITH CHROME AND RETAINED WITH SYNTHETIC AGENT Suryaningrum, Th. Dwi; Nuridha, Ahmad; Sinurat, Ellya; Basmal, Jamal; Ariyani, Farida; Utomo, Bagus Sediadi Bandol; Kusumawati, Rinta; Prodiana, Natalia; Supriyanto, Agus; Mardiyana, Indri; Ikasari, Diah
Squalen, Buletin Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 20, No 2 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : :Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resources, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/squalen.950

Abstract

When the scales of Chinese herring (Hilsentoli sp.), like those of snakes or monitorlizards, are tanned, they exhibit a unique scaly texture with an attractive natural pattern. This study aimed to evaluate the physical properties of Chinese herring skin tanned with chrome and retained with a synthetic agent. The treatments consisted of a combination of chrome and tanning agents at various concentrations, ie. Chrome (C) 6% and tanning agent (S) 0% (C6S0), Chrome 8% and tanning agent 0% (C8S0), Chrome 10% and tanning agent 0% (C10S0), Chrome 6% and tanning agent 4% (C6S4), Chrome 8% and tanning agent 4% (C8S4), Chrome 10% and tanning agent 4% (C10S4), Chrome 6% and S 6% (C6S6), Chrome 8% and S 6% (C8S6), and Chrome 10% and tanning agent 6% (C10S6). Observations were conducted based on descriptive sensory, physical, and chemical tests, identification of functional groups of the leather, and morphology analysis of the skin leather. The results showed that a combination of chrome and synthetic tanning produced leather with a denser and fuller texture than leather tanned with the chrome tanning agent. C10S6 treatment produced the best physical properties of tanned skin of Chinese herring in terms of its high tensile strength, tear strength, stitch strength, and shrinkage temperature, along with the lowest elongation. The values are well within the Indonesian standard of SNI 0253:2009 for leather with fancy motifs on finished leather goods. The analysis of the cross-section of skin at various treatments using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis indicates that retanning with synthetic tanning agents strengthened the collagen matrix, producing denser, more compact structures. This density is caused by the presence of collagen compound bonds and synthetic tanning materials, such as phenol and formaldehyde, which were detected as 2,4-dimethyl phenol in the Raman spectra shift at 208, 35 – 2445.87 cm -1 .

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