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INDONESIA
Squalen Bulletin of Marine and Fisheries Postharvest and Biotechnology
Published by Pusat Litbang Daya Saing Produk dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan
ISSN : 20895690     EISSN : 24069272     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology
Squalen publishes original and innovative research to provide readers with the latest research, knowledge, emerging technologies, postharvest, processing and preservation, food safety and environment, biotechnology and bio-discovery of marine and fisheries. The key focus of the research should be on marine and fishery and the manuscript should include a fundamental discussion of the research findings and their significance. Manuscripts that simply report data without providing a detailed interpretation of the results are unlikely to be accepted for publication in the journal.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 363 Documents
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Effects of Transglutaminase on the Gel Properties of Indonesian Catfish Surimi Using Response Surface Methodology Royanti, Ida; Nandyawati, Dewi; Putri, Renny Primasari Gustia; Kusumasmarawati, Ambar Dwi; Abidin, Kharis Yohan; Pradiva, Molina Indah; Dewi, Rizky Aulia Prasasti; Gebrina, Amanda Dwi; Purwoto, Heri; Widyasti, Erma
Squalen, Buletin Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 20, No 2 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : :Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resources, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/squalen.1027

Abstract

Surimi is a myofibrillar fish protein, extracted mainly from marine fish, which is commonly used to produce fish balls, crab imitation products, and various other seafood substitutes. However, finding an alternative fish from freshwater, such as freshwater catfish, is important, although its drawbacks include low gel strength and water-holding capacity. To address this problem, transglutaminase addition can maintain the surimi quality. This study aimed to improve catfish surimi characteristics by optimizing surimi production with various transglutaminase concentrations and incubation times. It used Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Central Composite Design (CCD) to evaluate the effect of Enzyme Concentration and Incubation Time. The result showed that the catfish surimi gel strength, chewiness, whiteness, and water-holding capacity were respectively 927.513 g.cm, 3,747.18 g, 79.95 %, and 91.37 %. It was obtained by the optimum condition of surimi production with the addition of 0.85 % w/w transglutaminase and an incubation time of 36 minutes. The overall study provides insight for surimi producers to maintain surimi characteristics from freshwater fish, such as catfish.
Formulation of Carrageenan and Sodium Chloride in Edible Coatings for Enhanced Tilapia Fillet Preservation Pamungkas, Amin; Hakim, Arif R; Fauzi, Ahmat; Sedayu, Bakti B; Wullandari, Putri; Siregar, Zaenal Arifin
Squalen, Buletin Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 20, No 2 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : :Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resources, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/squalen.938

Abstract

While carrageenan coatings offer promising preservation for fish, limitations like water absorption and insufficient antimicrobial strength necessitate more investigation on combining them with natural substances. This study aimed to extend the shelf life of tilapia fillets using an edible coating made from carrageenan and sodium chloride (NaCl). Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the coating formulation, considering film properties such as thickness, swelling index, opacity, and water vapor transfer rate. A Central Composite Design (CCD) identified the optimal composition as 1.4 grams of carrageenan and 0.6 grams of NaCl, minimizing undesirable characteristics. The optimized coating was applied to fresh tilapia fillets and compared to uncoated controls during five days of refrigerated storage (4.5 oC). Quality parameters, including bacterial count, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), pH, weight loss, and color, were monitored. The carrageenan-NaCl coating significantly reduced bacterial growth, with values increasing from log 6.31 CFU/ml on day 0 to log 6.34 CFU/ml on day 5, compared to uncoated fillets exhibiting TNTC (too numerous to count) bacteria by the end of storage. Additionally, the coated fillets displayed a lower increase in TVB-N (22.50%) compared to uncoated samples (31.38%), maintaining a stable pH and experiencing less weight loss (27.54%) compared to uncoated controls (32.96%). The coating also effectively preserved color, indicating its potential to maintain sensory attributes. These findings suggest that the optimized carrageenan-NaCl edible coating offers a promising strategy for extending the shelf life and maintaining the quality of fresh tilapia fillets, potentially reducing losses within the seafood supply chain.
Formulation of nutritious biscuits fortified with minced catfish and Ulva sp for malnourished children Setiawati, Natalia Prodiana; Fateha, Fateha; Supriyanto, Agus; Mardiyana, Indri; Nurhayati, Nurhayati; Sihono, Sihono; Suryaningrum, Th. Dwi
Squalen, Buletin Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 20, No 2 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : :Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resources, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/squalen.1039

Abstract

Stunting is a critical problem that deserves attention and has become a global problem. The approach to reducing stunting is to provide nutritious supplementary food in the form of biscuits for children, especially those who are malnourished. The purpose of this study is to formulate nutritious biscuits enriched with minced catfish as a source of amino acids and Ulva sp as a source of dietary fiber. Design expert software (DX13) ® was used to analyze sensory data gathered from a hedonic scale assessment with 25 trained panelists to determine the best formulation for the fortified biscuit product. Taste and texture were among the sensory qualities that were assessed. In addition, physical aspects such as hardness and color (L, a, and b) are analyzed to determine the quality of the biscuit formula. The best formulas based on sensory evaluation and physical analysis undergo further analysis of their nutritional composition, including proximate analysis and amino acid profile.The best quality products found are biscuits fortified with a formula consisting of 33% wheat flour, 14% chopped catfish, and 1% Ulva flour.The state of the art of this research is the development of functional biscuits fortified with a combination of animal protein (catfish) and dietary fiber as well as antioxidants form Ulva sp., using an RSM-based formulation optimization approach to produce a highly nutritious product that isacceptable to children.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CHINESE HERRING (Hilsentoli sp.) LEATHER TANNED WITH CHROME AND RETAINED WITH SYNTHETIC AGENT Suryaningrum, Th. Dwi; Nuridha, Ahmad; Sinurat, Ellya; Basmal, Jamal; Ariyani, Farida; Utomo, Bagus Sediadi Bandol; Kusumawati, Rinta; Prodiana, Natalia; Supriyanto, Agus; Mardiyana, Indri; Ikasari, Diah
Squalen, Buletin Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 20, No 2 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : :Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resources, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/squalen.950

Abstract

When the scales of Chinese herring (Hilsentoli sp.), like those of snakes or monitorlizards, are tanned, they exhibit a unique scaly texture with an attractive natural pattern. This study aimed to evaluate the physical properties of Chinese herring skin tanned with chrome and retained with a synthetic agent. The treatments consisted of a combination of chrome and tanning agents at various concentrations, ie. Chrome (C) 6% and tanning agent (S) 0% (C6S0), Chrome 8% and tanning agent 0% (C8S0), Chrome 10% and tanning agent 0% (C10S0), Chrome 6% and tanning agent 4% (C6S4), Chrome 8% and tanning agent 4% (C8S4), Chrome 10% and tanning agent 4% (C10S4), Chrome 6% and S 6% (C6S6), Chrome 8% and S 6% (C8S6), and Chrome 10% and tanning agent 6% (C10S6). Observations were conducted based on descriptive sensory, physical, and chemical tests, identification of functional groups of the leather, and morphology analysis of the skin leather. The results showed that a combination of chrome and synthetic tanning produced leather with a denser and fuller texture than leather tanned with the chrome tanning agent. C10S6 treatment produced the best physical properties of tanned skin of Chinese herring in terms of its high tensile strength, tear strength, stitch strength, and shrinkage temperature, along with the lowest elongation. The values are well within the Indonesian standard of SNI 0253:2009 for leather with fancy motifs on finished leather goods. The analysis of the cross-section of skin at various treatments using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis indicates that retanning with synthetic tanning agents strengthened the collagen matrix, producing denser, more compact structures. This density is caused by the presence of collagen compound bonds and synthetic tanning materials, such as phenol and formaldehyde, which were detected as 2,4-dimethyl phenol in the Raman spectra shift at 208, 35 – 2445.87 cm -1 .
Microplastic Occurrence in Different Fish Organs from Two Coastal Waters in Java Sea, Indonesia Dwiyitno, Dwiyitno; Barokah, Giri Rohmad; Hidayah, Izhamil; Januar, Hedi Indra; Wibowo, Singgih
Squalen, Buletin Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 19, No 2 (2024): August 2024
Publisher : :Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resources, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/squalen.941

Abstract

Plastic debris and microplastic (MP) have been associated with marinepollution. The present study aimed to assess the MP accumulation in differentorgans (gut and gill) of 6 economically important fish species from twoessential coastal areas, Jakarta Bay and Cirebon Bay. MP was isolated withNaCl, followed by the identification of MP profiles with digital microscope andFourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), respectively. The resultshowed that MP was found in all samples. Generally, MP concentration in fishfrom Cirebon Bay was slightly higher than that from Jakarta Bay, with benthicspecies more concentrated than pelagic fish in both sites. Microplastic wasmore concentrated on the gill of fish from Jakarta Bay, in contrast withCirebon Bay. The predominantly MP in Jakarta Bay fish was fiber, while in CirebonBay was fragmented with minor granule and film in both locations. Polyethylene(PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polypropylene (PP) were the most dominantMP in the fish samples from both study areas. Microplastic size showed thatthe majority (65%) was the small size (1 mm), compared to the biggerone (1-5 mm), while blue, black, and red are the predominantly MP colors.This research supports the need to minimize plastic pollution in aquaticecosystems to tackle the detrimental impact of MP accumulation to fish andhuman health. It is suggested to compare MP profiles on fish samples and inwater or sediment compartments and identify the chemical constituents ofMP.
Spatio-Seasonal Habitat Suitability Model of Anisakis spp. in Chub Mackerel (Scomber Japonicus) as a Scientific-Based Approach to Provide Safety Assessment Policy of Fisheries Product in Indonesia Hidayah, Izhamil; Sutomo, Sutomo; Pujiono, Eko; Saputra, Muhammad Hadi; Humaida, Nida; Januar, Hedi Indra; Anggraeni, Yusnita Mirna; Puspasari, Herti Windya; Triwibowo, Radestya; Rachmawati, Novalia; Iswani, Sri; Yennie, Yusma; Santoso, Agung
Squalen, Buletin Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 18, No 3 (2023): December 2023
Publisher : :Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resources, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/squalen.804

Abstract

The infestation of Anisakis spp. in Chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) may have significant health and socioeconomic implications. Understanding the spatio-seasonal occurrence of Anisakis spp. in its host, S. japonicus, is crucial ecologically and for effective management. This research aimed to develop a predictive map (spatial-seasonal patterns) for Anisakis’s infestation in S. japonicus using the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) algorithm. Anisakis spp. and S. japonicus occurrences were obtained through a comprehensive Bibliographic analysis of the Scopus database (2017-2022) and the Ocean Biodiversity Information System (OBIS) database to collect the necessary data. Environmental predictors were sourced from the Global Marine Environment Data. The resulting model demonstrated a reliable performance, as indicated by an Area Under Curve (AUC) value on the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) chart exceeding 0.8. The findings of this study revealed that the infestation of Anisakis spp. in S. japonicus is projected to be more prevalent during the fourth quarter of each year. Furthermore, the environmental factors influencing the infestation were identified as diffuse attenuation, water depth, and distance from the coast. These research outcomes can be a foundational reference for developing an effective control system for inspecting fresh or frozen fish within the quarantine department. By utilizing the spatial-seasonal patterns and environmental predictors identified in this study, authorities can implement targeted measures to prevent and mitigate the infestation of Anisakis spp. in S. japonicus, safeguarding public health and maintaining the quality of fish products.
Optimization of Catfish (Pangasius sp) Bone Bio-calcium Production with Different Concentrations of Citric Acid and Stirring Time Using the Response Surface Method (RSM) Approach Wijayanti, Ph.D, Ima; Agustini, Tri Winarni; Swastawati, Fronthea; Anggo, Apri Dwi; Afifah, Diana Nur
Squalen, Buletin Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 19, No 2 (2024): August 2024
Publisher : :Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resources, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/squalen.867

Abstract

Calcium is an important macro-mineral that is really needed by the body.Calcium from fish bones can be an alternative source of calcium for thosewho are allergic to milk lactose which is usually used as calcium source. Theweakness of fish bone calcium is that it still has a fishy odor, which reducesthe hedonic value of products fortified with fish bone calcium. This researchaims to determine the optimization of concentration and stirring time in citricacid to produce bio-calcium from catfish (Pangasius sp) bones with the bestcalcium content and hedonic characteristics using Response SurfaceMethodology (RSM). The citric acid concentration tested was a minimum of0.25% and a maximum of 1% with stirring times of 30, 60 and 90 min. Dataprocessing was carried out with the help of Design Expert 11 software. Therecommended model is the quadratic model. The recommended optimizationresults for the bio-calcium production solution are a citric acid concentrationof 0.25% and a soaking time of 30 min. Verification was carried out accordingto the optimization solution and gave yield results of 88.9%, particle size of51.07 µm, calcium content 24.05; with a color hedonic value of 4.115, aroma4.059 and overall 4.090 out of a maximum value of 5. XRD pattern showed nodifference between fishbone powder and bio-calcium with degree crystallinity57 and 56.2%, respectively. FTIR spectra showed that both fishbone powder andbio-calcium powder contained hydroxyapatite, however citric acid slightly removedprotein due to absence of amide 1 peaks in bio-calcium powder. Citric acid at0.25% for 30 min helped to increase the yield and reduced some organiccompound to obtain bio-calcium powder. The proper concentration of citric acidand stirring time yielded catfish bone bio-calcium with higher calcium contentand hedonic value.  
The demineralization of Sardinella gibbosa scales using hydrochloric acid and high-pressure carbon dioxide Saleah, Faisa; Netramai, Siriyupa; Kijchavengkul, Thitisilp; Wipatanawin, Angkana; Rosales, Czarina Kristine
Squalen, Buletin Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 19, No 2 (2024): August 2024
Publisher : :Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resources, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/squalen.896

Abstract

This research aimed to investigate and compare the demineralization ofgoldstripe sardinella (GS; Sardinella gibbosa) scales, a major by-product inthe canned fish industry prevalent in East Africa and Southeast Asia, particularlyThailand. The study focused on conventional and alternative demineralizationmethods, assessing the yield and quality of the demineralized scales. Afterremoving minerals, fish scales have potential value as an alternative sourceof collagen and gelatin. For the strong acid treatment using hydrochloricacid (HCl), the effects of HCl concentrations (0.2-1.5 M) and treatmenttimes (30-120 min) on demineralization efficiency were assessed. The resultsfrom RSM indicated that HCl concentration was the only treatment factorthat significantly affected demineralization yield, HCl concentrations at orabove 0.82 M gave a demineralization efficiency of e” 99%, independent oftreatment time (P 0.0001). A preliminary investigation into high-pressurecarbon dioxide (HPCD) treatment of GS scales (at 10 bar for 1 to 4 h)showed comparatively lower demineralization efficiency. Within the studiedparameters, the highest demineralization efficiencies for both methods were99.89±0.06 and 16.13±1.92%, respectively. SEM images and EDX analysisconfirmed the complete removal of minerals (primarily Ca and P) after HCltreatment using HCl 0.85 M for 30 min. Conversely, HPCD-treated scalesexhibited altered structure and physical damage.
Influence of Salinity on The Growth and Fatty Acids Production of Euglena sp. Local Strain from Dieng Plateau, Indonesia Amelia, Ria; Budiman, Arief; Nugroho, Andhika Puspito; Suyono, Dr. Eko Agus
Squalen, Buletin Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 18, No 3 (2023): December 2023
Publisher : :Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resources, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/squalen.812

Abstract

High salinity is a challenging environmental stressor for organisms to adapt to. In this work, the effects of added NaCl and KCl at various concentrations (0, 100 mM, and 200 mM) for 13 days in the growth medium were investigated in relation to the physiological, morphological, and proximate content of Euglena sp. Utilizing gas chromatography (GC), the amount of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) was determined. Euglena sp. exhibited an obvious decline in growth rate and photosynthetic pigment with increasing salinity. Biomass, protein, carbohydrates had the highest quantities in KCl 100 mM medium, measuring 0.586 ± 0.096 mg/mL, 0.050 ± 0.00017 mg/mL, and 968.091 ± 81.197 mg/mL, respectively. The treatment with 200 mM NaCl had the highest lipid content, with a lipid concentration of 0.42 ± 0.060 mg/mL. After being cultivated in NaCl and KCl at a 200 mM concentration, respectively, the amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) declined and the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) increased in Euglena sp. The percentage of PUFAs, such as methyl linoleate and methyl linolenate, did not surpass the European B100 biodiesel standard limit of 12% (weight), despite the wide variety of PUFAs. It showed that the use of NaCl and KCl during salt stress significantly increases Euglena sp. biofuel production. For this reason, cultivating Euglena sp. at high salinity is suitable for producing biofuels.
Characterization and Potential Utilizations of A Marine Euglenophyte from Okinawa, Japan Prabowo, Danang Ambar; Suda, Shoichiro
Squalen, Buletin Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 19, No 2 (2024): August 2024
Publisher : :Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resources, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/squalen.895

Abstract

mong many microalgae species, certain euglenophytes stand out asexcellent sources of valuable natural components with diversebiotechnological applications. This study focused on investigating the identityand potential utilizations of a green marine euglenophyte, namely EKoku01,isolated from the brackish Kokuba River in Naha City, Okinawa, Japan.Morphologically, cells of EKoku01 were 12-30m long and 8-10 m wide,displaying dynamic changes during euglenoid motility with a distinctivelystriated pellicular body. Notable features included two uneven flagella, aneyespot, and multiple green discoid chloroplasts. The 18S rDNA molecularphylogeny positioned Ekoku01 within Clade 1 of Eutreptiella, comprisingstrain CCMP389, CCMP-1594, and LIS 2000, which was distantly related toother known marine euglenophytes (i.e., the genus Eutreptia and Clade 2 ofEutreptiella). Based on the morphology and molecular phylogeny, EKoku01was identified as Eutreptiella sp., representing the first recorded species ofthis genus in Okinawa, Japan. EKoku01 showed an optimum growthperformance at 20 oC (max. =0.17 ± 0.037 day-1) and exhibited an unusuallystrong positive phototaxis response towards a light source. Its fatty acid (FAs)profile comprised predominantly saturated FAs (69.8%), polyunsaturated FAs(15.1%, with two omega-3 FAs), monounsaturated FAs (3.6%), and branchedFAs (4.4%), while ~7.1% remaining unidentified. Based on its growthperformance, FAs composition, and light sensitivity, we proposed severalpotential utilizations of this strain (e.g., as a source for nutraceutical,pharmaceutical, food, and aquaculture applications), including the use ofEKoku01 as a model organism for developing an innovative light-driven cellconcentration system based on phototaxis.

Page 35 of 37 | Total Record : 363

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