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Kota mataram,
Nusa tenggara barat
INDONESIA
Jurnal Biologi Tropis
Published by Universitas Mataram
ISSN : 14119587     EISSN : 25497863     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology
Jurnal Biologi Tropis (ISSN Cetak 1411-9587 dan ISSN Online 2549-7863) diterbitkan mulai tahun 2000 dengan frekuensi 2 kali setahun oleh Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi PMIPA FKIP Universitas Mataram, berisi hasil penelitian dan ulasan Ilmiah dalam bidang Biologi Sains.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 2,949 Documents
 289   290   291   292   293 
Erosion of Ethnobotanical Knowledge in the Younger Generation: Level of Student Knowledge of the Use of Medicinal Plants in Culture in North Sumatra Dini Hardiani Has; Ratna Sari; Sahat Raja Marogo Girsang; Dela Arianda; Firman Syah; Eva Oktaviani; Sutan Sahala Muda Marpaung
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 3 (2026): Juli - September
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i3.12826

Abstract

Traditional knowledge preservation is a fundamental component of sustainable development, contributing to biodiversity conservation, community health resilience, and the safeguarding of cultural heritage. North Sumatra Province, Indonesia, with its rich ethnic and cultural diversity, represents an important setting for ethnobotanical research. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge among the younger generation regarding the use of medicinal plants in traditional medicine, cultural practices, and traditional ceremonies. A quantitative descriptive survey was conducted involving 61 respondents, predominantly university students. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed descriptively through frequency and percentage distributions. Most respondents were female (68.85%), aged 17–20 years (63.93%), and belonged to the Toba Batak ethnic group (45.90%). The findings revealed that 41% of respondents had a moderate level of ethnobotanical knowledge, indicating that while most participants possessed basic knowledge of medicinal plants, only 10% were familiar with more than 15 medicinal plant species. Overall, the younger generation demonstrated a moderate level of knowledge; however, the limited recognition of medicinal plant diversity and the low understanding of their cultural and symbolic functions suggest a gradual erosion of traditional ethnobotanical knowledge. These findings provide baseline information for developing educational and cultural preservation programs aimed at strengthening ethnobotanical knowledge among younger generations and supporting the conservation of Indonesia's traditional biocultural heritage.
The Effect of Acetobacter xylinum Starter Concentration and Fermentation Time on the Quality of Nata de Pina Mila Aulina Agustin; Lalu Zulkifli; Prapti Sedijani; AA Sukarso
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 3 (2026): Juli - September
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i3.12829

Abstract

The utilization of pineapple peel waste as a fermentation substrate has the potential to increase product value while reducing environmental pollution. One product that can be developed from this waste is nata de pina. This study aimed to analyze the effects of Acetobacter xylinum starter concentration and fermentation time on the quality of nata de pina. The research employed a quantitative experimental method using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. The treatments consisted of starter concentrations of 10%, 15%, and 20%, and fermentation periods of 8, 10, and 12 days. The observed parameters included nata thickness, yield, color, and texture. Data were analyzed using Two-Way ANOVA, and Tukey's post hoc test at a 5% significance level. The results showed that starter concentration and fermentation time significantly affect the thickness and yield of nata de pina with the results showing a significant effect (p < 0.05). The highest thickness (0.78 mm) and yield (48%) were obtained at a 20% starter concentration with 12 days of fermentation. The best color and texture were produced by nata de pina fermented with a 20% starter concentration for 10 days. Furthermore, The results showed no significant interaction between starter concentration and fermentation time on nata thickness (p > 0.05), whereas a significant interaction was observed for nata yield (p < 0.05). In conclusion, increasing the concentration of A. xylinum starter and extending fermentation time improved the physical quality of nata de pina, while the combination of a 20% starter concentration and 10 days of fermentation produced the best characteristics. These findings demonstrate the potential of pineapple peel waste as a sustainable raw material for producing value-added functional food.
Design and Optimization of a CD4 Primer for Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) Puji Oktavia; Andani Eka Putra; Gestina Aliska; Zelly Dia Rofinda; Dwitya Elvira; Dessy Arisanty
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 3 (2026): Juli - September
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i3.12832

Abstract

Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is being explored as an affordable alternative to flow cytometry for monitoring CD4+ T lymphocytes in HIV-infected patients, but detailed design and validation of CD4-specific primers are rarely reported. To design a CD4-specific primer-probe set for qRT-PCR, assess its in silico specificity, and determine the optimal annealing temperature. A forward primer, reverse primer, and hydrolysis probe targeting CD4 transcript were designed from published CD4 gene sequences. Specificity was evaluated using NCBI Primer-BLAST against the Human mRNA RefSeq database. Optimal annealing temperature was determined using an 8-point thermal gradient (54.0-66.0°C) on a Bio-Rad CFX96 system with SensiFAST™ Probe No-ROX chemistry, comparing Cq values across the gradient. Results: Primer-BLAST confirmed specificity of the forward (20nt, Tm 57.42°C, GC 50.00%) and reverse (24nt, Tm 57.69°C, GC 41.67%) primers, with low self-complementarity (3.00 and 2.00) and no 3' self-complementarity. Cq values were tightly clustered (23.25-23.76) across the gradient; with the lowest Cq (23.25) at 54.8°C. The CD4-specific primer-probe set showed confirmed specificity and robust tolerance across a wide annealing temperature range, with an optimum of 54.8°C, supporting its use as a foundational tool for CD4+ T lymphocyte monitoring where flow cytometry is inaccessible.
Phytochemical Analysis of Forest Betel Leaves (Piper aduncum L.) Using GC-MS and Antibacterial Activity Against Staphylococcus aureus Yoseph Putra Albertino Mawo; Muntasir Muntasir; Cahyani Purnasari; Muhajirin Dean
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 3 (2026): Juli - September
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i3.12834

Abstract

Skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus continue to be a major health issue, particularly with the increase in antibiotic resistance. Traditionally, forest betel leaves (Piper aduncum L.) have been utilized for treating wounds and skin ailments. The goal of this research is to explore the chemical components of a 95% ethanol extract of Piper aduncum L. leaves through GC-MS and to evaluate its effectiveness against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. This research was carried out experimentally using a design featuring a control group. The extract was prepared via maceration with 95% ethanol. Chemical analysis was conducted using GC-MS, while the antibacterial properties were examined through the disk diffusion technique at concentrations of 0.5% w/v, 1% w/v, 2% w/v, 5% w/v, and 10% w/v. Data analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA along with Tukey’s post hoc test. The yield from the extract was 6.42%. The GC-MS analysis identified compounds including hexadecanoic acid, phytol, and piperlonguminine. The extract demonstrated inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus growth at all concentrations tested, with inhibition zones measuring from 6.65 to 12.72 mm. The statistical analysis indicated significant differences between the treatment groups (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the 95% ethanol extract of wild betel leaf (Piper aduncum L.) contains bioactive compounds and shows antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus.
Antibacterial Activity Test of 70% Ethanol Extract of Kersen Leaves (Muntingia calabura L.) against Cutibacterium acnes Willybrordus Dewanto Un Lala; Tadeus A. L. Regaletha; Cahyani Purnasari; Insani Fitrahulil Jannah
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 3 (2026): Juli - September
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i3.12838

Abstract

Acne ranks among the most prevalent skin issues and is linked to infection by Cutibacterium acnes. The rising rates of antibiotic resistance seen in Cutibacterium acnes necessitate the exploration of alternative plant-based treatments with antibacterial properties. One such plant that has demonstrated these antibacterial effects is the kersen leaf (Muntingia calabura L.). This research aimed to evaluate the antibacterial effects of a 70% ethanol extract of kersen leaves (Muntingia calabura L.) on the proliferation of Cutibacterium acnes. The research employed a true experimental design featuring a posttest only control group. The treatment categories included a positive control using Clindamycin, a negative control with sterile aquadest, and varying concentrations of kersen leaf extract at 1%, 2%, 4%, 8%, and 12%, with each group replicated four times. Data were assessed using the One-Way ANOVA method. The findings of the antibacterial test indicated that the 70% ethanol extract of kersen leaves effectively inhibited the growth of Cutibacterium acnes. The One-Way ANOVA analysis produced a p-value of less than 0.0001, which is lower than α = 0.05, signifying a notable discrepancy in the average inhibition zone diameters across the treatment groups. Ethanol extract from kersen leaves (Muntingia calabura L.) exhibits antibacterial properties against Cutibacterium acnes growth.
Formulation and Evaluation of a Facial Mask Prepared from Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) Waste and Honey as a Cosmetic for Acne-Prone Skin Marsha Dwicahya Utami; Neneng Siti Silfi Ambarwati; Lilis Jubaedah
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 3 (2026): Juli - September
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i3.12841

Abstract

Acne is a skin condition influenced by excessive sebum production, clogged pores, and the growth of Cutibacterium acnes bacteria. Green tea dregs retain catechins, flavonoids, and tannins compounds with potential antioxidant and antibacterial properties while honey possesses humectant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial qualities, making both suitable candidates for development as natural cosmetic active ingredients. This study aimed to formulate a paste-type face mask using green tea dregs and honey, evaluate the product's physical characteristics, identify the optimal formula, and assess the selected formula's antibacterial activity against Cutibacterium acnes. An experimental laboratory method was employed using four formulas containing varying concentrations of green tea dregs: F0 (0%), F1 (5%), F2 (10%), and F3 (15%). Evaluations included organoleptic properties, pH, viscosity, homogeneity, spreadability, drying time, stability, irritation potential, and antibacterial activity via the disc diffusion method. The results demonstrated that all formulas met the physical quality standards for face masks, exhibiting a pH of 5.4–6.4, viscosity of 12,422–42,582 mPa.s, spreadability of 5.1–5.9 cm, and drying times ranging from 15 minutes 38 seconds to 23 minutes 21 seconds; they were stable during storage, homogeneous, and non-irritating. Based on the physical evaluations, Formula F3 was determined to be the best formulation. Antibacterial testing revealed that Formula F3 produced an inhibition zone diameter of 15.15 mm against Cutibacterium acnes, falling into the "strong" activity category. Thus, the green tea dreg and honey face mask shows potential for development as a safe, stable, natural cosmetic product with antibacterial activity suitable for acne-prone skin care.
Community Structure of Phytoplankton as Bioindicators of Water Quality in Kuwang Wae Coastal Waters, East Lombok, Indonesia Baiq Maria Ulfa; Karnan Karnan; Lalu Japa
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 3 (2026): Juli - September
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i3.12848

Abstract

Phytoplankton play a crucial role as a primary producer in aquatic ecosystems and can be used as a bioindicator to assess water quality. Aquaculture activities in coastal areas have the potential to alter the phytoplankton community structure through changes in the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the aquatic environment. This study aimed to analyze the composition, abundance, community structure, and role of phytoplankton as a bioindicator of water quality in Kuwang Wae Coastal Waters, East Lombok Regency. A descriptive-exploratory method with purposive sampling was employed at three observation stations, namely the pond outlet, transition zone, and reference area. The observed parameters included species composition, abundance, diversity index, evenness index, dominance index, importance value, and water quality parameters. The reserch identified 72 species of phytoplankton belonging to five divisions: Chrysophyta, Dinophyta, Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, and Euglenophyta. The species with the highest importance values were Gonyaulax spinifera, Bacteriastrum biconicum, Melosira sp., Chaetoceros brevis, and Bacteriastrum elongatum.  The average phytoplankton abundance was 1,614 ind/L, with variations among observation stations. The species diversity index ranged from 2.318 to 2.813, the species evenness index from 0.686 to 0.709, and the species dominance index from 0.130 to 0.174. Water quality of  Kuwang Wae Beach is still in relatively good, stable condition, and has not experienced significant ecological pressures. The results of this study are expected to provide baseline information for sustainable management, conservation, and monitoring of coastal water quality.
Development of Dust Flea Leaf Sucking Pests (Bemisia Tabaci) and The Incidence of Viral Diseases in Sweet Potato Plants in Two Agroecosystems Firda Widya Sari; M. Sarjan; Aluh Nikmatullah
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 3 (2026): Juli - September
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i3.12851

Abstract

Whitefly pests (Bemisia tabaci) are leaf-sucking pests that act as vectors for the spread of viral diseases in sweet potato plants. Differences in agroecosystem conditions are suspected to affect pest populations and the development of viral diseases. This study aims to (1) identify and compare whitefly pest populations on sweet potato plants in two agroecosystems, (2) identify and compare viral disease incidence in two agroecosystems, and (3) analyze the relationship between temperature and humidity on whitefly populations and viral disease incidence. The research was carried out in drylands and technical irrigated lands by observing whitefly populations, viral disease symptoms, percentage of disease incidence, and environmental factors such as temperature and humidity. The data were analyzed using a t-test at a real level of 5% and simple linear regression. The results showed that whitefly populations and the percentage of viral disease incidence differed significantly between the two agroecosystems, with higher values on drylands than on technical irrigated land. In dry land, diseases caused by Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV) and Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV) were found, while in technical irrigation land diseases were found caused by Sweet potato virus disease (SPVD). Regression analysis showed that temperature was positively correlated, while humidity was negatively correlated with whitefly populations and viral disease incidence, with a stronger relationship in dry land than in technical irrigated land. The results of the study show that differences in agroecosystem characteristics affect the dynamics of whitefly populations and the development of viral diseases in sweet potato plants.
Formulation and Evaluation of a Traditional Scrub Cream Based on Cocoa Powder (Theobroma cacao L.) and Klanceng Honey Marsya Batrisyia Bazla; Nurul Hidayah; Neneng Siti Silfi Ambarwati
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 3 (2026): Juli - September
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i3.12858

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to create and assess the physical quality of a body scrub cream made with stingless bee honey (kelulut honey) and cocoa powder (Theobroma cacao L.) as a natural skincare product. Using a descriptive quantitative approach, this study created four formulations based on varying amounts of stingless bee honey (2.5% and 5%) and cocoa powder (5% and 10%). Organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, adhesiveness, viscosity, hedonic, irritation, and stability tests were conducted using the freeze-thaw method for three cycles at 4°C and 40°C. The findings demonstrated that every formulation had pH values within the proper range for skin and satisfied the physical quality standards for body scrub cream preparations. The preliminary irritation test on 10 panelists showed no signs of erythema, itching, burning sensation, or edema during the observation period, while the hedonic test demonstrated good panelist acceptance. Formula F4 exhibited the best characteristics based on the evaluated physical quality parameters and obtained the highest panelist acceptance score.
Formulation and Physical Evaluation of Peel Off Gel Mask Containing Nutmeg Seed (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) Extract with Different Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Concentrations Adelia Marsaoly; Neneng Siti Silfi Ambarwati; Dwi Atmanto
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 3 (2026): Juli - September
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i3.12861

Abstract

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) serves as a film-forming substance that significantly influences the physical properties of peel-off gel masks. Changes in the concentration of PVA can impact the formulation's quality, affecting factors like viscosity, ease of spreading, stickiness, and drying duration. The ethanolic extract of nutmeg seeds (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) is rich in flavonoids that possess antioxidant properties, making it an advantageous active component for the formulations of peel-off gel masks. This study aimed to formulate a peel-off gel mask containing nutmeg seed extract with different PVA concentrations (10%, 12%, and 14%) and to evaluate its physical characteristics. The extract was acquired through maceration with 96% ethanol, and its antioxidant ability was assessed by the DPPH method. The physical assessment involved examining organoleptic features, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, spreadability, adhesiveness, and drying duration. The results were evaluated using One-Way ANOVA or Welch ANOVA, along with Tukey's HSD or Games-Howell post hoc tests based on the data characteristics. The findings indicated that the nutmeg seed extract displayed exceptionally strong antioxidant abilities, with an IC₅₀ value of 9.648 ppm. An increase in PVA concentration led to higher viscosity, adhesiveness, and drying duration, while it decreased spreadability. All formulations fulfilled the standards for organoleptic features, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, adhesiveness, and drying time. Nonetheless, the formulation with 14% PVA had a viscosity slightly over the suggested standard range. From the overall initial physical assessment, the formulation with 12% PVA was regarded as the most well-balanced formulation. Nevertheless, this formulation exhibited a more turbid appearance than the formulation containing 10% PVA. Further studies, including physical stability and safety evaluations, are required to confirm its suitability as the optimal formulation.

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