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ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : 08537291     EISSN : 24067598     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences (IJMS) is dedicated to published highest quality of research papers and review on all aspects of marine biology, marine conservation, marine culture, marine geology and oceanography.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 743 Documents
Diversity and Abundance of Mangrove Gastropods in Setiu Wetlands and Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia Baharuddin, Nursalwa; Satyanarayana, Behara
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 29, No 4 (2024): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.29.4.425-432

Abstract

Mangrove gastropods, a highly diverse group of mollusks, play a critical yet often overlooked role in mangrove ecosystems. This study investigates the distribution and abundance of mangrove gastropods in two study sites with distinct management regimes: Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve (MMFR) and Setiu Wetlands (SW) in Peninsular Malaysia. Gastropod sampling was conducted over two days in April 2023, with one-hour visual encounter surveys performed at each study site per day. A total of 3,717 individuals, representing 26 species, were collected across both study sites. The family Ellobiidae was predominant in MMFR, while the family Littorinidae dominated in SW. Despite the higher biodiversity of both mud-dwelling and tree-dwelling species observed in MMFR, the overall low abundance of gastropods indicates negative impacts from greenwood exploitation and the widespread monoculture of Rhizophora spp. In contrast, the reduced diversity of mud-dwelling species in SW may be attributed to suboptimal sediment conditions caused by a shifted Setiu River mouth, low freshwater discharge, and increased sedimentation. This study provides precise assessments of species distribution across various microhabitats, offering essential baseline data for future ecological monitoring. Improved management practices, including habitat restoration, protection of biodiversity hotspots, and community engagement, are critical for sustaining gastropod populations and ensuring the long-term health and resilience of these vital coastal ecosystems. The findings highlight the sensitivity of gastropods to environmental changes and emphasize the need for adaptive conservation strategies to mitigate human impacts on mangrove ecosystems. This study serves as a foundation for developing effective conservation strategies to protect mangrove ecosystems, crucial for maintaining gastropod populations and the overall health of coastal ecosystems.
Exploring Growth of Gracilaria sp. using the Raft Culture Method Ilac, Adora Giron; Foronda, Joanna Mae Saoadan; Ayop, Antonio Narollo; Europa-Morales, Anna Liza Villanueva; Ruadap, May Evellia Valencia
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 29, No 4 (2024): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.29.4.557-566

Abstract

The seaweed Kawkawayan (Gracilaria sp.), marketed as a food product in the Ilocos Region, has the potential for high profitability due to its growing demand across various industries. The research, conducted in Sinait, Ilocos Sur, used the raft culture method to assess growth by measuring average weight every 15 days and analyzing its relationship with seawater parameters (dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, salinity, water current, conductivity, water temperature, and total dissolved solids).  The data were analyzed using a descriptive correlation design, employing the Mean and Pearson Product Moment of Correlation. A 3.5 X 5 m raft with six monolines containing 23 seedlings was installed in the culture site. The results indicated that pH, conductivity, TDS, and turbidity were within the normal range, whereas temperature, salinity, DO, and water current were above the average. Gracilaria's weight increased consistently every 15 days, reaching a peak of 22.99 g on the 105th day. However, there was no significant correlation between the weight gain and the measured seawater parameters. The fluctuations in Gracilaria’s weight were linked to thallus breakdown caused by vigorous water movements. The study’s findings should be made available to fisherfolks in the coastal community who cultivate Gracilaria; optimal cultivation of this seaweed can be obtained when disturbances are minimal particularly from February to May thus boosting aquaculture productivity. Alternative cultivation methods like tubular nets and cage systems, along with valuable seaweed species, are recommended. Fisherfolks’ participation is crucial for their success and the future of seaweed farming and marine resource conservation.
A Robust Algorithm for Estimating Total Suspended Solids (TSS) Using Sentinel-2: Case Study in Coastal Waters of Teluk Awur, Jepara, Indonesia Sabila, Anis Yasmin; Maslukah, Lilik; Wirasatriya, Anindya; Indrayanti, Elis; Prasetyawan, Indra Budi; Widada, Sugeng
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 29, No 4 (2024): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.29.4.495-502

Abstract

Total suspended solids (TSS) is an important parameter of water quality, so regular monitoring is necessary to prevent further marine pollution due to TSS. Remote sensing is one of the most effective and efficient methods to monitor TSS with cost-effective operations. The Sentinel-2 satellite is freely available to users with high spectral and spatial resolution (10m, 20m, 60m). Dynamic changes in coastal waters and their characteristics cause TSS retrieval algorithms built from available imagery having less optimal results in other water regions. This research aims to develop an empirical TSS algorithm model that specifically applies to the coastal waters of Teluk Awur, Jepara. The algorithm was developed using an empirical method through correlation between spectral values of Sentinel-2 imagery and in situ TSS values. Water sampling was conducted at 110 stations with a depth of 0.5 m on 22 July 2023 simultaneously collocated with Sentinel-2 image recording. Half of the data was used for algorithm tuning and the other half used for validation. The best regression analysis is found in the red band (B4) and the model is linear. The relatively good performance is shown by the coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.45, RMSE (3.40 mg.L-1), and MAPE (10.76%). The resulting algorithmic model was TSS (mg.L-1) =817.213*(B4)-0.959. This study shows that Sentinel-2 MSI images for TSS retrieval in the coastal waters of Teluk Awur could be applicable and the red band (B4) can be used for mapping TSS concentrations in the surrounding study area.
Utilization of Locally Available Feeds to Develop Sustainable Blue Swimming Crab (Portunus pelagicus) Farming in Central Java Ariyati, Restiana Wisnu; Trienes, Yoni; Rejeki, Sri; Hutabarat, Johannes; Haeruddin, Haeruddin; Sarjito, Sarjito; Saputra, Suradi Wijaya; Widowati, Lestari Lakhsmi; Schrama, Johan; Bosma, Roel H.
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 29, No 4 (2024): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.29.4.433-444

Abstract

The popularity of the blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) has led to significant overfishing. Aquaculture offers a potential solution to reduce fishing pressure, given that P. pelagicus is relatively easy to hatch, has high fecundity, a short larval duration, and rapid growth. However, knowledge about feed preferences and feed-use efficiency in P. pelagicus is limited. This study compared the effectiveness of three locally available feeds. A total of 160 juvenile P. pelagicus were divided into five repetitions across four diet groups: PPV (shrimp pellets + Perna viridis flesh, crude protein = 45 %), PAI (shrimp pellets + Acetes indicus, crude protein = 45 %), P100 (shrimp pellets, crude protein = 30%), and P150 (shrimp pellets at 150% of the dry matter requirement, crude protein = 45%, iso-protein to both PPV & PAI). The experiment consisted of three phases: a one-week pre-trial to determine feeding rates, followed by a six-week culture period (Period-1) and an eight-week culture period (Period-2). Body weight and survival were measured biweekly, feed amounts were adjusted accordingly, and costs were recorded. Survival rates and feed conversion ratios were similar across all diets. Crab growth was lower in Period-2 than in Period-1 across treatments. The specific growth rates for PPV, PAI, and P150 were comparable, while P100 resulted in lower growth. The cost of PPV was higher than that of PAI, P100, and P150, with the economic feed conversion ratio for P100 and P150 outperforming PPV and PAI. Shrimp pellets proved to be an efficient feed for the grow-out phase of blue swimming crabs, though pellet size should match the crab’s size.
Molecular Docking Studies of Marine Sulfated Polysaccharides: Exploring Green Seaweed’s Role Against SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein Herida, Azalia Puspa; Kusumaningrum, Hermin Pancasakti; Zainuri, Muhammad; Sabdono, Agus; Subagiyo, Subagiyo; Wahyuningsih, Candra
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 29, No 4 (2024): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.29.4.567-575

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) is a virus responsible for the infectious disease of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019), whose development is still being monitored. One way to deal with the virus’s development is by searching for natural-based medicines that prevent and treat SARS-CoV-2 infection. The abundant biodiversity can be used as a source of treatment. Among many natural resources, seaweed is one of the natural resources rich in bioactive components. Sulfated polysaccharide is one of the potential bioactive compounds in seaweed because it has antiviral effects and the potential to treat SARS-CoV-2. This research aims at increasing the potential of Karimunjawa green seaweed sulfate polysaccharides for antiviral capabilities in SARS-CoV-2 through molecular docking. This research began with identifying the morphology of Karimunjawa seaweed. Identify the components of sulfated polysaccharide compounds based on literature studies according to the species that have been identified. Analysis of the antiviral ability of SARS-CoV-2 based on its binding ability to the SARS-CoV-2 target protein through a molecular docking computational program and testing drug compounds using the Lipinski rule. Based on the research results, it is known that the seaweed obtained from Karimunjawa based on morphology, belongs to the genus Kappaphycus. Molecular docking with a ligand and spike glycoprotein (6LZG) resulted in the hexadecanoic acid compound having a binding free energy of -5.3 kcal.mol-1, which was the compound with the lowest yield compared to other test compounds. The prediction of the physicochemical properties of all test compounds fulfills Lipinski's five rules and has the potential to be used as medicinal compounds.
Seagrass Ecosystems in Eastern Indonesia: Status, Diversity, and Management Challenges Supriyadi, Indarto Happy; Iswari, Marindah Yulia; Rahmawati, Susi; Riniatsih, Ita; Suyarso, Suyarso; Hafizt, Muhammad
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 29, No 4 (2024): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.29.4.503-518

Abstract

Seagrass beds have roles and benefits in shallow water ecosystems, including producers of organic matter, habitats for various marine biota, and providing services that are beneficial for the fishing community. However, increasing development activities in coastal areas, have decreased their valuable roles, which also affects damage in seagrass beds in Indonesian waters. Therefore, information on species diversity and seagrass conditions, especially in East Indonesian waters, is needed. This paper aims to provide information as the initial study of the distribution of species diversity, conditions of seagrass beds, and challenges of seagrass management in eastern Indonesia. This study collected primary and secondary data from several data sources from seagrass monitoring and research activities. The assessment of conditions and categories of seagrass cover refers to the Decree of the state minister for the Environment (KMN-LH) of 2004 No. 200 and the 2017 seagrass monitoring guidelines. As a result of 24 monitoring locations ten species were found indicating that Eastern Indonesia has high species diversity. The results at 24 locations can be categorized as healthy seagrass conditions in six locations (25%) and around 16 locations (67%) as less healthy. Monitoring results after 2015 are predicted to change the diversity and seagrass conditions. The challenges of seagrass management in Eastern Indonesian waters, including the coastal environment changes, need to increase public knowledge and understanding of the role, function, and benefits of seagrass. Also, replanting and enhancement of seagrass-protected areas are essentially needed by the local government.
Chlorophyll-a Outliers in the Banda Sea and its surroundings: Implications for Ecosystem Dynamics Asuhadi, Sunarwan; Zainuddin, Mukti; Safruddin, Safruddin; Musbir, Musbir; Syah, Achmad Fachruddin
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 29, No 4 (2024): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.29.4.445-455

Abstract

Chlorophyll-a concentration is a critical indicator of marine ecosystem health, reflecting primary productivity and potential ecological changes. However, the occurrence of outlier data in the Banda Sea and its surroundings has not been sufficiently studied. This study aims to investigate the dynamics of chlorophyll-a concentration outliers in the Banda Sea, focusing on their spatial and temporal patterns from 2010 to 2022. Data were acquired from MODIS satellite imagery and analyzed using R Studio for time series decomposition, while spatial patterns were explored with ArcGIS 10.8 and Google Maps to pinpoint key hotspots of outlier activity. The findings reveal fluctuating chlorophyll-a outliers with extreme concentrations ranging from 14.39 to 81 mg·m⁻³. Temporally, these outliers are predominantly observed in the western Banda Sea during January to March and December, while in the eastern Banda Sea they occur from June to September. Spatially, these anomalies are concentrated in areas of significant human activity, particularly in Tolo Bay, suggesting a potential link between anthropogenic influences and ecological disruptions. Field monitoring in areas with persistent outliers is strongly recommended to verify actual conditions and assess their ecological impacts. While chlorophyll-a plays a vital role in marine productivity, excessive concentrations can disrupt ecosystems, potentially leading to harmful algal blooms or hypoxic conditions. This study underscores the importance of integrating remote sensing, field validation, and spatial analysis to effectively monitor and manage these anomalies. Enhanced understanding of these dynamics is critical for informed decision-making and sustainable marine management practices in the Banda Sea.
Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Benthic Dinoflagellates on Artificial Substrate at Seribu Islands Waters Widiarti, Riani; Ilyas, Ahmad Jutrzenka; Triputra, Kresnanda; Kusuma, Muhammad Praja; Rachman, Arief; Hii, Tan Toh
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 29, No 4 (2024): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.29.4.576-586

Abstract

Damage to coral reef ecosystems and changes in water quality are capable of increasing the abundance of benthic dinoflagellates which could cause Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP). Therefore, this research aimed to observe spatial and temporal abundance of those potential benthic dinoflagellates and analyze their relationship with environmental factors. Sampling was carried out on September 21-24, 2023 in Pramuka Island, Seribu Islands district, with different treatments, namely depth, location and time. Research conducted by deploy several series of artificial substrates into the waters, and the benthic dinoflagellates were collected from the artificial substrate placed in 1, 3, and 5 meter of water depths for 24, 48, and 72 hours at Odi, Mazu, and Villa Delima Piers. Cell densities were determined by enumeration using a Sedgewick Rafter Counting Chamber under a light microscope, and the relationship with environmental parameters was analyzed by using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results showed that 4 genera of benthic dinoflagellates which had the potential to cause CFP, were attached to the artificial substrate, namely Amphidinium, Coolia, Ostreopsis, and Prorocentrum. Prorocentrum cells were observed in highest number on artificial substrates at every treatment with different depths, locations, and times. Furthermore, the PCA analysis showed the abundance of Prorocentrum was influenced by the most typical environmental parameters at each depth, location, and time, namely temperature, nitrate, DO, and light intensity. The research provided valuable information on the benthic dinoflagellates both spatially and temporally, through international standard methods in order to prevent and anticipate negative impacts caused by CFP.
Tracing Heavy Metal Dynamics in Mangrove Sediments: A Study from Ujung Kulon National Park Shintianata, Dienda; Lubis, Ali Arman; Sugiharto, Untung; Andini, Faza Putri; Meiliastri, Sonia Saraswati; Elias, Md Suhaimi
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 29, No 4 (2024): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.29.4.519-529

Abstract

The dynamics of heavy metal concentrations in the sediments of mangroves are crucial for understanding the health and sustainability of these ecosystems. This study, conducted in a conservation area of Ujung Kulon National Park (UKNP) in Indonesia, investigated the distribution of heavy metals in mangrove sediments, which are vital in trapping these potentially harmful substances due to their absorption, sedimentation, and bioaccumulation capabilities. By analyzing sediment cores from different intertidal zones (interior, fringe, and mudflat) through Inductively Coupled Plasma - Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES), this study examined concentrations and distribution patterns of six heavy metals: manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), and Iron (Fe). The results indicated that the average concentration of heavy metals followed a decreasing order of Fe> Mn > Zn > Cu > Cr> Co across all locations. All of the heavy metals in the interior and fringe increased gradually from the year 1900 to the present; on the contrary, the mudflat decreased over the same period. Enrichment Factor (EF) and Geo Accumulation Index (Igeo) were used to evaluate heavy metal pollution levels comprehensively. The study revealed temporal trends in heavy metal concentrations, highlighting the need for further research to mitigate these contaminant's effects on mangrove ecosystems. By integrating the EF, the Igeo index, and quality standards, the research demonstrates that UKNP is likely pristine. Furthermore, this work emphasizes the need to utilize dated environmental archives to reconstruct historical patterns in trace metal pollution in locations where long-term environmental studies remain particularly limited
The Quality of Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops aduncus) Sperm Following Liquid-storage in Low Temperature Fahrudin, Mokhamad; Gusdinar, Rizal; Arifiantini, Raden Iis; Prasetyaningtyas, Wahono Esthi; Adnyane, I Ketut Mudite; Elmanaviean, Muhammad; Nugraha, Arifin Budiman; Karja, Ni Wayan Kurniani
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 29, No 4 (2024): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.29.4.456-466

Abstract

Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus) is a marine mammal that lives in relatively small populations. The geographic ranges of this species are susceptible to the effects of human activities, thereby necessitating conservation efforts to prevent extinction. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the daily quality of dolphin sperm after several days of refrigeration. The sperm of two male dolphins were stored at 4oC for 4 days, and the quality was observed daily to determine the motility, viability, membrane integrity, and sperm abnormalities. Sperm samples were divided into four groups, consisting of two centrifuged followed by the removal of seminal plasma, and two groups without centrifugation, containing 100x106 and 200x106 sperm/ml each. After liquid storage, the motility of sperm was 63-75% with no significant reduction in the first 3 days. Sperm viability following storage was 65-75% and the percentage with abnormal morphology ranged from 2-6%. Furthermore, there was no significant increase in abnormal morphology of sperm on any day of storage for 3 days. Sperm membrane integrity was 36-49%, with no significant reduction in the membrane integrity in the first 2 days. There was no significant difference in sperm quality, although centrifugation and removal of seminal plasm had a slight effect. The results of this study showed that Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin sperm could be stored for a short period as liquid storage while maintaining a quality that allows for future use.

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