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Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research
Published by Universitas Padjadjaran
ISSN : 25277332     EISSN : 26140020     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research (PCPR) is an international, peer-reviewed journal, publishing original research, review, case reports, and commentaries on all aspects of pharmacology and clinical pharmacy. The journal aims to contribute to the scientific committee by publishing the high quality articles. It is published 3 times a year to provide a forum for pharmacologists, pharmacists, and other healthcare professionals to share best practice, encouraging networking, and a more collaborative approach in pharmacology and clinical pharmacy.
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Articles 207 Documents
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FABP4 and Metabolite Profile in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mice Model Treated with Moringa oleifera Ethanol Leaf Extract Hanifah, Cenia P.; Sulistiyorini, Ifa; Sumirat, Vanessa A.; Anggraeni, Neni; Putri, Mirasari; Ghozali, Mohammad; Syamsunarno, Mas Rizky A.A
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 8, No 3 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v8i3.50860

Abstract

Sepsis, a life-threatening organ dysfunction resulting from a dysregulated host response to infection, induces changes in blood cells and metabolic alterations. Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), a lipid chaperone predominantly expressed in adipose tissue, is modulated in sepsis and may contribute to metabolic and immunologic changes. Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) leaf extract (MOLE) is known to modulate immune system activity, but its potential for treating acute inflammatory conditions like sepsis remains unclear. This study investigates the ability of MOLE to modulate metabolite and hematological profiles in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis in mice. Thirty-five male Swiss Webster mice (Mus musculus) were divided into five groups, including healthy control pre-treated with 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), an LPS-induced negative control, an LPS-induced positive control treated with dexamethasone (DMX) 7mg/KgBW/day and two MOLE treatment groups with doses of 5.6 and 11.2 mg/20 gBW. Mice received MOLE pre-treatment for three days before LPS induction. Three hours post-LPS injection, the LPS-induced group exhibited leukopenia (1.4 [0.9-2.5] x109 cells/L) and a 68.3% increase in triglyceride levels. However, the MOLE-treated group showed improved erythrocyte levels compared to the positive control group; [(9.9(9.3-10.0) x1012 cell/L) vs (7.7(7.0-9.0) x1012 cells/L), p<0.05]. The study suggests that MOLE administration may positively impact sepsis conditions, particularly by enhancing RBC levels. Further research with an extended observation period is recommended to address limitations in metabolite level assessment.  
Adverse Events of Bedaquiline Drug Use in the Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) Patients: A Review Artcile Nihlah, Nabilah A.; Almattin, Bilqis N.; Wicaksono, Imam A.
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 9, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v9i1.52762

Abstract

Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) is any unfavorable and unexpected drug response in patients dosed for prevention, diagnosis, or therapy. Tuberculosis is a contagious infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Multi-drug resistance Tuberculosis (MDR TB) is caused by bacteria that are resistant to the two most powerful first-line anti-TB drugs - isoniazid and rifampicin; cases of resistance to both drugs result in worse treatment outcomes, longer treatment duration, high costs, and various other complications. All medications used to treat MDR TB patients have the potential to cause mild, moderate, and severe side effects, especially Bedaquiline. This article will explain information on drug side effects that occur in patients treated with MDR TB and Bedaquiline. The data was collected and discussed from primary journals through Google Scholar and PubMed online databases. Bedaquiline has the potential to cause side effects such as QT interval prolongation or irregular heart rhythm, cardiac arrhythmia, gastrointestinal disorders, joint and muscle pain, hearing loss, acne, and chest pain. Therefore, treatment of MDR TB with Bedaquiline requires monitoring to ensure patient compliance and early detection of possible side effects to ensure the safety and effectiveness of treatment. 
A Narrative Review of the Case Reports of Routine Immunization Performance During a Pandemic COVID-19 Rahayuningsih, Nur; Suwantika, Auliya A.; Diantini, Ajeng; Sinuraya, Rano K.
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 9, No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v9i3.59264

Abstract

Routine immunization is a program that must ensure adequate coverage as one preventive measure against the transmission of vaccine-preventable disease (VPD). Vaccines are the most cost-effective healthcare investment as it has been shown to prevent and reduce the incidence of disease, disability, and death from VPD, which is estimated to kill 2 – 3 million people each year. As of July 11, 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has been deemed the worst public health emergency in the world, with over 12 million positive cases and 556,342 fatalities documented in 213 nations. The impact of the pandemic on routine immunization has resulted in higher morbidity and mortality from this VPD in countries with low coverage. This review article comprehensively describes routine immunization services and case reports of immunization performance during the COVID-19 pandemic.   
Relationship Between Knowledge and Adherence to Antihypertensive at Public Healthcare in Banjarmasin City, Indonesia Hasniah, Hasniah; Hardiana, Hardiana; Rony, Rony; Fadillah, Aris; Erlianti, Karina; Ramadhani, Juwita
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 9, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v9i2.55548

Abstract

Hypertension is one of the world’s most hazardous diseases since it harms the heart, brain, kidneys, and other organs. Patients’ understanding of hypertension can be the key to successful treatment. Nonadherence with antihypertensive medication is a primary cause of therapeutic failure and is considered a serious issue. The purpose of this study is to examine the association between antihypertensive knowledge and adherence at public healthcare facilities. This study employed a quantitative approach using a cross- sectional design. The purposive sampling technique determined the sample, resulting in 100 hypertensive respondents from Public Healthcare. Knowledge is the independent variable in data collection; adherence to antihypertensive medications is the dependent variable; and demographic variables are the confounding variable. We employed the HFQ (Hypertension Fact Questionnaire) and MMAS-8 (Modified Morisky Adherence Scale-8) questionnaires as data-gathering instruments. We conducted univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses on the data using SPSS. Based on the study’s findings, it is possible to conclude that there is a significant association between knowledge level and adherence with antihypertensive medicine use in public healthcare, with a p-value of 0.003. Comorbidities are a risk factor for hypertension that affects adherence, with a p-value of 0.007 and an OR of 0.801, indicating that patients are 0.801 times more likely to take their medicine
Adverse Drug Reaction of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (Valsartan, Candesartan, Losartan): a Systematic Review Nurviana, Destawesty; Destiani, Dika P.
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 9, No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v9i3.56906

Abstract

Hypertension is a significant global health problem, with a growing prevalence worldwide. The most commonly documented ADRs of hypertension medication in primary care records include those associated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). The purpose of this paper is to review and evaluate the potential adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with the use of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs), specifically valsartan, candesartan, and losartan in the management of hypertension and related diseases. We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trial articles that involved valsartan, candesartan, and losartan monotherapy compared with placebo or other standard antihypertensive drugs. PubMed and Google Scholar databases were used in the search for articles in May 2024 and 21 articles were included in this review. This study comprised 21 randomized controlled trials. The study participants' ages ranged from 34.4 years to 76 years. Sample sizes ranged from 16 to 1381 patients with a total 4606 patients. A total of 44 ADRs were observed and the most likely ADRs were headache, dizziness, hypotension, hyperkalemia, nausea, upper respiratory tract infection, and fatigue. Generally, the ADRs that occurred were not fatal and did not lead to discontinuation of therapy. The safety and tolerability profiles of ARBs are among the best for antihypertensive drugs, then overall, the comparison of ARB agents between valsartan, candesartan, and losartan in this class is similar. The most frequent adverse events in the group receiving therapy include headache, dizziness, hypotension, hyperkalemia, nausea, nasopharyngitis, and fatigue. 
Modeling Hyperglycemia With Induction Variants In Mice As Preclinical Test Animals Santoso, Setiyo B.; Hapsari, Widarika S.; Putra, Deksa Y.S
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 9, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v9i1.52119

Abstract

Inducing hyperglycemia in animal models is crucial for preclinical research on anti-diabetic drug development, especially when genetically diabetic test animals are unavailable. Various induction methods have been employed to elevate glycemic levels in test animals. However, there is a lack of substantial literature proving the effectiveness and stability of these induction alternatives. This study aims to compare the stability of glycemic levels and assess histopathological changes in mice induced by dextrose, streptozotocin, and alloxan. Our protocol involved dividing mice into six groups of five, each with a control group. Mice in Groups A and D were exposed to alloxan monohydrate, Groups B and E to streptozotocin, and Groups C and F to dextrose monohydrate, inducing hyperglycemia for nine days following a seven-day acclimatization period. Pancreatic histopathology examination included features such as cytoplasmic vacuolization, fat infiltration, and islet deformation. The study revealed that, compared to dextrose and streptozocin, alloxan demonstrated superior efficacy in inducing and maintaining hyperglycemic stability in mice. However, the histopathological assessment of the pancreas indicated the relatively benign nature of dextrose monohydrate and streptozotocin, with no apparent exacerbation of pancreatic impairment. In contrast, alloxan induced evident islet deformation and cytoplasmic vacuolization. Our findings suggest that, in comparison to alloxan, dextrose monohydrate and streptozotocin are more favorable for inducing hyperglycemia in test animals. They pose a lower risk of significant pancreatic impairment, indicating their potential suitability for modeling type 2 diabetes mellitus due to their stability and relatively benign impact on pancreatic histopathology.
Effectiveness And Safety of Shorter Treatment Regimen Containing Bedaquiline in Patients with Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Putra, Oki N.
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 9, No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v9i3.57368

Abstract

Bedaquiline have been included in the shorter treatment regimen (STR) to treat patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of STR containing bedaquiline. Data were collected retrospectively from medical records of MDR-TB patients receiving STR between January 2020 and December 2021. Sputum culture was evaluated at six months (24 weeks) and the end of treatment. Measurement of renal and liver function test, serum electrolytes, and uric acid were evaluated to assess safety during six months of treatment. Treatment failure, death, and loss to follow-up were also recorded during the study period. Thirty eligible MDR-TB met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-five of them had a positive culture at baseline. After treatment completion, 96.0% patients experienced sputum culture conversion. A significant decrease in potassium and calcium serum levels was observed at three months of treatment. Cases of treatment failure and loss to follow-up were 3.3% and 6.6%, respectively. MDR-TB patients receiving STR containing bedaquiline demonstrated favorable sputum conversion with tolerable safety profile
Identification of Probable Drug-Drug and Drug-Food Interactions in Hospitalized Patients With Chronic Renal Disease Sari, Okta M.; Putra, Aditya M.P
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 9, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v9i2.56525

Abstract

Chronic renal disease is a substantial health challenge in numerous countries worldwide, including Indonesia. Chronic renal disease patients frequently experience comorbidities and require multiple medications (polypharmacy). In patients receiving polypharmacy, it is necessary to monitor the occurrence of drug interactions. The current study analyzed the most probable of drug-drug interactions based on severity and management. Furthermore, to analyzed the most probable drug-food interactions based on severity and management in patients hospitalized with chronic renal disease. From September to October 2023, a cross-sectional study was carried out using retrospective data gathering. The population that attains the study criteria is referred to as the present research sample. The sampling methodology utilizes the saturated sample method. The tools utilized encompassed the Lexicomp® drug interaction checking application. The severity and management categories for probable drug-drug interactions and drug-food interactions are defined within the Lexicomp® application. The study analyzed medical data from 51 patients in total. The results of the current study showed that there were probable drug-drug interactions in 68.62% and drug-food interactions in 47.06% of patients hospitalized with chronic kidney disease. Based on severity, the most probable drug-drug interaction and drug-food interaction is in the moderate category. Based on the management, the most probable drug-drug interaction needs to be monitored, and the most probable drug-food interaction needs to be avoided concurrent administration with food. In patients with chronic renal disease, it is crucial to minimize and handle probable drug-drug and drug-food interactions.
Rabeprazole and Domperidone Induced Hyperprolactinemia in a Patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Hypothyroidism and Peptic Ulcer Disease: A Case Report M, Kiran; Chakraborty, Ananya
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 9, No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v9i3.54359

Abstract

Drugs are a common cause of hyperprolactinemia. They are common in patients taking antipsychotics, antiemetics, opioids, antidepressants, prokinetics and proton pump inhibitors (PPI). Rabeprazole is a relatively newer PPI. Domperidone is a well-known prokinetic and antiemetic drug.  There are few reports of hyperprolactinemia & galactorrhea with fixed drug combination (FDC) of rabeprazole (20 mg) and domperidone (30 mg). Here, we report a case of 39-year-old diabetic and hypothyroid female patient who was on the above FDC for peptic ulcer disease on and off for the last four years and developed hyperprolactinemia. She showed neither clinical signs of galactorrhea nor amenorrhea. On routine blood investigations, she had increased prolactin level. Radiological evaluation of brain was normal. The drug was stopped and repeat prolactin was normal within one week of withholding. A diagnosis of rabeprazole and domperidone induced hyperprolactinemia was reached based on clinical, laboratory judgement and causality assessment.
Drug-Drug Interactions and Prescription Appropriateness in COVID-19 ICU Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital Moza, Shvesh; Mali, Pankaj K.; Pattar, Pratima M.; Panchal, Suraj B.; Chikkannasetty, Somashekara S.
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 9, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v9i2.52189

Abstract

Severe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) management has been challenging due to varying treatment protocol. Additionally, co-morbidities and older age group receiving polypharmacy increases the risk for drug-drug interactions (DDIs). With limited DDI research studies in Indian setup, we aimed to assess the frequency and severity of potential DDIs in COVID-19 ICU patients. This was a retrospective, observational study conducted in a tertiary care hospital, Karnataka, India. Case record of all patients aged ≥18 years with COVID-19 disease admitted to the COVID-19 ICU during March 2021 to July 2021 and treated with two drugs at least were included. A total of one hundred ninety one medical records of COVID-19 patients confirmed by RTPCR were reviewed from medical record department. DDIs were assessed by validated INTERCheck® web system and prescription appropriateness by Beers criteria. Among 191 COVID-19 treated patients, a total of 1049 pDDIs were recorded. Thirty nine percent of the total interactions were classified as potentially severe (class C + class D). Severe pDDIs increased significantly (140 to 274; p < 0.001) during hospitalization. Consistently, a significant increase in drug interactions trend was observed during hospitalization (432 to 617; p < 0.001). Hence, this study concludes that the severe pDDIs increased significantly during hospitalization and consistent increase in overall (Class A, B, C D) drug interactions trend was observed during hospitalization largely because of the drugs managed to treat comorbidities. Therefore, web based system with multidisciplinary team of expertise may be adopted in hospitals for regulating the dosage of interacting drugs and selecting substitute for over all optimizing the therapy.

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