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Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research
Published by Universitas Padjadjaran
ISSN : 25277332     EISSN : 26140020     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research (PCPR) is an international, peer-reviewed journal, publishing original research, review, case reports, and commentaries on all aspects of pharmacology and clinical pharmacy. The journal aims to contribute to the scientific committee by publishing the high quality articles. It is published 3 times a year to provide a forum for pharmacologists, pharmacists, and other healthcare professionals to share best practice, encouraging networking, and a more collaborative approach in pharmacology and clinical pharmacy.
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Articles 207 Documents
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Knowledge and Behavior Regarding Antibiotic Stewardship in Health Workers at Sultan Syarif Mohammad Alkadrie Hospital, Indonesia Restika, Risma A.; Mardhia, Mardhia; Mahyarudin, Mahyarudin; Liana, Delima F.; IH, Hariyanto
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 9, No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v9i3.56573

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health concern. The World Health Organization reports that antimicrobial resistance constitutes a serious threat to public health worldwide. One of the risk factors in the development of antimicrobial resistance cases is the irrational use of antibiotics. Knowledge and behavior of health worker about antibiotic stewardship play a role in preventing antibiotic resistance cases. This study aimed to demonstrate knowledge and behavior regarding antibiotic stewardship in health workers at Sultan Syarif Mohamad Alkadrie Hospital, Pontianak. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study using consecutive sampling with total of 39 respondents. Data were collected through questionnaires with total of 45 questions. Knowledge and behavior of respondents were categorized as good, moderate, and low. The data was analyzed using the spearman rank correlation coefficient. The results showed that most health workers had good knowledge 97.44% (38/39) and good behavior 87.18% (34/39) related to antibiotic stewardship with a spearman p-value >0.05. Antibiotic stewardship is important for health workers to prevent an increase in antibiotic resistance cases and their impact on public health worldwide. As we know, increasing antibiotic resistance is a globally major problem as health system depends on effective antibiotics to treat bacterial infections.
The Rise of Artificial Intelligence in Pharmacy: Transforming Medication Management and Patient Care Anastasya, Gracia; Khairinisa, Miski A.
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 9, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v9i2.57699

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming healthcare, with significant implications for pharmacy practice. This review explores the diverse applications of AI in pharmacy, emphasizing its potential to revolutionize medication management, patient care, public health, disease management, and pharmacy workflow efficiency. AI algorithms can analyze a vast amount of patient data, allowing pharmacists to identify potential drug interactions, evaluate medication safety and effectiveness, and offer personalized treatment suggestions. In the realm of public health, AI supports disease management through epidemiological monitoring and targeted interventions. Additionally, AI-driven robotic dispensing systems and automated inventory management enhance pharmacy workflow efficiency by streamlining operations and optimizing resource allocation. Telepharmacy, further augmented by AI, expands access to healthcare, promotes patient engagement, and facilitates remote clinical consultations, thereby improving overall care delivery. Despite these advancements, challenges such as data privacy and potential bias in AI algorithms persist. However, the potential of AI in pharmacy is undeniable. By addressing these challenges and fostering collaboration among pharmacists, AI developers, and regulatory bodies, the future of pharmacy is poised to deliver personalized care, improved patient outcomes, and enhanced public health.This integration of AI into pharmacy practice represents a significant step toward a more effective and patient-centered approach to healthcare.
Potential of Red Ginger Rhizome (Zingiber officinale Roscoe var. Rubrum) as an Anti-Cancer: A Review Anggara, I Gede Yudi; Kirtishanti, Aguslina; Gondokesumo, Marisca E.
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 9, No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v9i3.52562

Abstract

Red ginger rhizome, Zingiber officinale Roscoe var. Rubrum has long been used as a herbal medicine. Its biological properties, including anti-cancer properties, are confirmed. Compared to their stems and leaf tissues, the average amount of gingerols in red ginger rhizomes (104.39 μg/g) is much higher. In addition to gingerol, other nonvolatile pungent chemicals found in ginger include shogaols, paradols, gingerdiols, and zingerone. Gingerol disrupts the cell cycle, triggers apoptosis in cancer cells, and prevents the growth and spread of cells by interacting with particular proteins, gene targets, and signal transduction pathways. 6-shogaol activity suppresses NF-kB and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), decreases Bcl-2 expression, and increases Bax expression, which contributes to lowering cell viability and causing autotosis. The several functions of red ginger in regulating biological processes linked to anticancer effects will be outlined in this review. In order to organize related study findings in accordance with the specified publication criteria, this literature review employs a narrative technique. The chemical composition of red ginger rhizome that functions as an anti-cancer agent contains 6-gingerol, 6-shogaol, 10-gingerol, 6-paradon, and zingeron, according to the findings of this literature review that was conducted. Red ginger rhizome has been proven to have anti-cancer activity in various types of cancer that have been studied in vitro and in silico, there are head and neck cancer, endometrial adenocarcinoma,breast cancer, lung cancer, skin cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer, leukemia, oral and cervical cancer, brain tumor, bone cancer, and pancreatic cancer.
Analysis of Waiting Times for Compound and Non-Compound Prescription Services At Al-Masoem Pharmacy in Cibiru, Bandung City Shofwan, Adnan A.A.; Pitaloka, Dian A.E; Pradana, Eky S.
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 9, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v9i2.54221

Abstract

Prescription services at Al Masoem Pharmacy, Cibiru should consider waiting time as one of the indicators for service provision to enhance service quality and ensure patient satisfaction. The aim of this research is to analyze the waiting time for prescription services at Al Masoem Pharmacy, Cibiru and assess compliance with the Minimum Service Standards for Pharmacies outlined in Minister of Health Regulation Number 73 of 2016. Observations of waiting times for prescription services at Al Masoem Pharmacy, Cibiru, located in Bandung Regency, were conducted over a period of 14 working days in February 2024, involving 365 prescriptions. This study utilized an observational method during the specified 14-day working period in February 2024, covering 365 prescriptions. The research findings indicate that both prepared and unprepared prescription services align with the time range specified in Ministerial Regulation No. 73 of 2016, which is 15-30 minutes. Based on observational data, the average waiting time for 44 compound prescriptions was 14 minutes and 18 seconds, while the average waiting time for 321 non-compound prescriptions was 7 minutes and 10 seconds.
Economic Evaluations of Artificial Intelligence Implementation in Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Ahmad, Ahmad; Zakiyah, Neily; Suwantika, Auliya A.
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 9, No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v9i3.60068

Abstract

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes that damages retinal blood vessels and can lead to vision impairment. The application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in DR screening offers a promising alternative to conventional methods. However, further research is crucial to determine the cost-effectiveness of this intervention.This study systematically reviewed economic evaluations of AI interventions in DR screening using data from PubMed and ScienceDirect (2014–2023). Studies in various healthcare settings assessing cost-effectiveness outcomes, such as incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) and net monetary benefit, were included. The CHEERS (Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards) checklist was used to assess the reporting quality of included studies.AI intervention can potentially provide accurate diagnoses by performing complex data analysis quickly and consistently. Despite initial higher costs, AI screening often led to higher quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and improved healthcare resource allocation, particularly in underserved areas. From several perspectives, AI screening is cost-effective compared to manual screening, which has a lower ICER. Seven out of eight articles concluded that using AI for screening is cost-effective. However, challenges in generalizing AI models across diverse populations suggest a need for further validation to prevent diagnostic bias and ensure healthcare equity. Specifically, the hybrid use of manual screening with AI assistance is more cost-effective than the other comparison methods.AI can improve diagnoses like DR through quick data analysis and accuracy, but human guidance is still needed for algorithm development and decision-making. Combining AI with human involvement can lead to more cost-effective interventions.
5,6-, 8,9-, 11,12- and 14,15-Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids (EETs) Induce Peripheral Receptor-Dependent Antinociception in PGE2-Induced Hyperalgesia in Mice Fonseca, Flavia C.S; Duarte, Igor D.G
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 9, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v9i2.57750

Abstract

Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are cytochrome P450-epoxygenase-derived metabolites of arachidonic acid that act as endogenous signaling molecules in multiple biological systems, including their controversial effects on pain, including reports of the central analgesic effect and its action in inducing pain. The aim of this study was to verify the peripheral antinociceptive effect of EETs and the effect of the selective EET receptor antagonist, 14,15-EEZE, on this antinociception. The nociceptive threshold was determined by paw pressure withdrawal, and hyperalgesia was induced by intraplantar injection of PGE2 to evaluate the effect of EETs administration. EETs (5,6-, 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-EET) were administered intraplantarly to male mice (n = 5). To examine the mechanism of action, a non-selective EET receptor antagonist (14,15-EEZE) was administered peripherally. Intraplantar injections of 5,6-, 8,9-, and 11,12-EET (32, 64, and 128 ng) or 14,15-EET (128, 256 and 512 ng), five minutes before the third hour after PGE2 injection induced a dose-dependent antinociceptive response. EETs showed peak action five minutes after injection, and this effect decreased concomitantly with a reduction in the nociceptive effect of PGE2 until approximately 100 min after injection (270 min after PGE2 injection). The maximum dose of each EET completely reversed the hyperalgesia induced by PGE2. The antinociceptive effect of EETs was confined to the paw that received the injection, indicating a localized effect. Intraplantar injection of the EET antagonist, 14,15-EEZE, reversed in a dose-dependent manner (32-512 ng/paw) the peripheral antinociception induced by 5,6-, 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-EET. Our results provide evidence that EETs induce a peripheral antinociceptive effect and that the mechanism of action involves EET receptor activation.
Prescribing Pattern of Corticosteroid in Dermatologic Disorder at Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Western Indian Patel, Zankrut J.; Patel, Dhiren; Patel, Jatin; Patel, Sumit
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 9, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v9i1.51833

Abstract

Based on their potent immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties, corticosteroids are essential for treating several skin disorders. Due to their lesser systemic toxicity, topical treatments are recommended. The use of corticosteroids in Indian dermatology practice, however, is not well documented. This study aims to analyze the prescribing patterns of corticosteroids for dermatologic disorders. In the outpatient dermatology department of GCS Hospital, Ahmedabad, a cross-sectional, observational study was conducted for six months, from March 2021 to August 2021. We looked at prevalent skin problems and prescribing patterns in 500 prescriptions. A descriptive statistical analysis was done following the compilation of all the data into Microsoft Office Excel. 169 patients (out of 500) receivedcorticosteroids. There were 53% men and 47% women, respectively. The Papulosquamous illness affected 33% of them. The average number of corticosteroids per prescription was 1.17. Out of 198 prescribed corticosteroids, 163 (82.32%) were topical formulations, and 35 (17.67%) were oral. Among the nine different corticosteroids prescribed, clobetasol was given to 29% of patients. Additionally, 39% of patients received a fixed-dose combination (FDC) of corticosteroids, with clobetasol and salicylic acid being the most commonly used FDC. The average cost of corticosteroids per prescription was 135.18 INR, ranging from 4 INR to 468 INR for 15 days of treatment. The mean cost of corticosteroids was significant compared to other concomitant drugs (P < 0.05). Topical corticosteroids were more commonly prescribed than oral ones, with psoriasis being the most common indication for topical corticosteroids. Clobetasol and mometasone were the most frequently used topical corticosteroids
Perspective Study of Critical Appraisal of Drug Promotional Literature and Clinicians Attitude towards DPL Using WHO Ethical Criteria: At aTertiary Care Centre. Dadibhanvi, Akkamma H.
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 9, No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v9i3.54364

Abstract

Drug promotional literature (DPL) is a vital method used by Pharmaceutical companies for promotion of pharmaceutical products to healthcare professionals. Medical representative (MR) visits to clinician, providing DPLs  samples were  eye-catching, fascinating , even though materials were very informative accepted as it is without critical appraised, they leads to irrational prescribing practices and increasing health care cast of patients. Aim of this study to evaluate drug promotional literature by using WHO ethical criteria and perception of physician regarding DPL. The study was conducted at Al-Ameen Medical College and Hospital Vijayapura, Karnataka India. A cross sectional, observational study was carried out between the months of October 2023 and February 2024. Study was approved by institutional ethics committee and approved letter number is AMCH/AMCE 2023- 005/23. DPLs in the form of brochures, calendars, pamphlets, flip-charts, flyers, and leaflets were collected from various Out Patients Department. Clinicians were included during period DPLs samples collection. Results obtained were tabulated and analyzed using mean, frequency, percentage, descriptive statistics. Total 319 DPLs samples were collected. Total 263 DPLs samples were assessed and among them only 8 DPLs met all the WHO criteria. Present study results have found less than 50% information about therapeutic uses (45.2%).DPLs were contained drug promotion of ophthalmic condition (n-12), otorhinolaryngology(n-11) and skin diseases(n-27).Single drug promotion ( 56.3%) and FDC drug promotion (46.8%). Present study analyzed that 84.6% of clinicians had knowledge regarding WHO criteria for DPLs evaluation. 92.3% of practitioners agreed that critical appraisal of DPLs will be helpful in rational prescribing of drugs. Present study shows pharmaceutical companies are trying to stick to guidelines; however DPLs are not fulfilled completely as criteria present in OPPI code and WHO ethical criteria. Government should take legal steps to regulate pharmaceutical companies to publish DPLs according to WHO criteria. 
Prescription Pattern Analysis in Patients of Alcohol Use Disorder coming to the Psychiatry OPD of a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Single Centre, Cross Sectional, Observational Study. Satav, Pradnya; Rashmi, Abhilasha; Nerlekar, Sharmada; Pawar, Sudhir; S, Sahana
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 9, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v9i2.51197

Abstract

Alcohol is the commonest psychoactive substance used by Indians. The prevalence of alcohol dependence in India is estimated to be 2.7%. In Maharashtra, the prevalence of Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD) is about 4.9%. Prescription pattern monitoring studies are a tool for assessing the prescribing, dispensing and distribution of medicines. They promote appropriate use of drugs and reduction of their misuse. With changing guidelines and availability of newer drugs, it is the need of time to monitor the prescriptions. So, this study was done from October 2019 - January 2021 in a tertiary care teaching institute in western India on 100 patients which focuses on analysing the prescribing pattern of drugs in AUD patients. Along with this, potential drug interactions were checked using Medscape drug interaction checker. Comparison of prescriptions with 2018 APA guidelines was also done. Average 4.77 drugs were prescribed per patient per encounter. 65% patients were prescribed anti-craving drugs as oral tablets. Only 11% of them were listed in the NLEM, but none in hospital drug formulary. The maximum prescribed drugs of other groups were Vitamins (25.7%), Benzodiazepines (22.3%) and Antipsychotics (20.6%). 53.3% of these drugs were from hospital formulary. Potential drug-drug interactions were found in 76%. Adherence to 2018 APA guidelines was present in 89% cases. This study would provide an insight into the trends of drug utilization and feedback to prescribers to create an awareness about rational use of drugs. The evaluation of potential drug interactions can help in solving the problem of polypharmacy. 
The Health Profile of Students and Teachers in Madrasah Al Ihsan, Kecamatan Ciparay, Kabupaten Bandung Febrina, Ellin; Herawati, Irma E.; Wahyuni, Indah S.; Rusdianto, Aziiz M.; Hendriani, Rini; Puspitasari, Irma M.; Mutakin, Mutakin; Halimah, Eli; Sumiwi, Sri A.; Levita, Jutti
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 9, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v9i2.51203

Abstract

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension in Indonesia is increasing both in low- and high-income communities. Therefore, health awareness should be started from a younger age for the prospective future generation. This study, included in a community engagement activity, aims to assess the health profile, in terms of blood pressure (BP) and total cholesterol, of the students (by cross-sectional method) and teachers (by cohort method) of a private madrasah in the rural area of Kecamatan Ciparay, Kabupaten Bandung, West Java. 54 students and 10 teachers participated in this study. Results revealed that the students' average systolic and diastolic BP were 120.23 mmHg and 78.67 mmHg, respectively. The average systolic BP of the teachers in August 2021, January 2022, and August 2022 was 136.8 mmHg, 128.1 mmHg, and 131.9 mmHg, respectively. The average diastolic BP of the teachers in August 2021, January 2022, and August 2022 were 91.6 mmHg, 87.3 mmHg, and 87.1 mmHg, respectively. Moreover, the average cholesterol levels of the students (148.38 mg/dL) and the teachers (190.81 mg/dL) were categorized as normal. Taken together, the health profile of the students and the teachers in Madrasah Al Ihsan is within the normal range. This activity gets positive support from the school and needs sustainability.

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