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INDONESIA
Indonesian Aquaculture Journal
Published by Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan RI
ISSN : 02150883     EISSN : 25026577     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
Indonesian Aquaculture Journal is a peer-reviewed and open access journal based in Indonesia that globally/internationally accepts and publishes scientific articles in the field of aquaculture. The journal is hosted and managed by the Center for Fisheries Research, Indonesian Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries and serving as a scientific platform to share research information in and contribute to the development of various disciplines of aquaculture including genetics, reproduction, nutrition and feed, fish health and diseases, engineering, and environmental assessment.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 334 Documents
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IMMUNE RELATED GENES EXPRESSION ANALYSIS IN KOI FISH AFTER VACCINATED WITH KOI HERPES VIRUS DNA VACCINES Sri Nuryati; Fauzan Wahib Alsani; Hasan Nasrullah; Odang Carman; Yuni Puji Hastuti; Eni Kusrini; Alimuddin Alimuddin
Indonesian Aquaculture Journal Vol 15, No 1 (2020): (June, 2020)
Publisher : Center for Fisheries Research, Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resource

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/iaj.15.1.2020.25-32

Abstract

Vaccination is a practical step in preventing diseases caused by koi herpes virus (KHV) in koi fish (Cyprinus carpio haematopterus). We have developed two DNA vaccines for KHV named as GP-25 and GP-11 from two local isolates coded as ORF25 and ORF81, respectively. Although both vaccines have been reported to increase survival rates, the evaluation of koi fish immune responses at the molecular level has not been done post-vaccinations. The aim of this research was to determine the effects of koi herpesvirus DNA vaccine on the immune-modulation of koi fish at mRNA level. This recent research used the best vaccine doses of both vaccines determined from our previous study: 7.5 and 12.5 µg per 100 g fish of GP-11, and 12.5 µg per 100 g fish of GP-25. The immune gene expression was analyzed using the RT-qPCR method from the fish liver at 0, 1, 7, 14, and 28 days post-vaccination (dpv). The results showed that, in the vaccinated fish, the immune genes viz. tumor necrosis factor a (TNFa), interleukin-1b (IL1b), interferon-g (IFNg), Mx1, immunoglobulin Mu chain (IgM), and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II were induced to significant extents. The higher dose vaccination using the GP-11 vaccine showed higher immune gene expression than that of the lower dose. Furthermore, the GP-25 vaccine had induced lower immune responses than the GP-11 vaccine when using the same dose of vaccination, but relatively the same when the half-dose of GP-11 vaccine was used. In conclusion, the GP-11 and GP-25 vaccine provided the immune-modulatory effects on the koi fish immune response after vaccination.
OPTIMUM DENSITY OF Nannochloropsis sp. FOR MASS SCALE CORAL TROUT, Plectropomus leopardus (Lacepède, 1802) Yasmina Nirmala Asih; Sudewi Sudewi; Afifah Nasukha; Daniar Kusumawati; Ketut Mahardika; Ahmad Muzaki; I Nyoman Adiasmara Giri
Indonesian Aquaculture Journal Vol 15, No 2 (2020): (December, 2020)
Publisher : Center for Fisheries Research, Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resource

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/iaj.15.2.2020.51-58

Abstract

Coral trout, Plectropomus leopardus (Lacepède, 1802)is a visual feeder. Turbidity caused by phytoplankton or clay particle in the water will affect the visual foraging of coral trout larvae. Addition of Nannochloropsis sp. has been included in standard operational procedure for marine fish larval rearing as green water. However, the density of Nannochlorposis sp. in coral trout larval rearing system has not been evaluated. This study aimed to evaluate the optimal of Nannochloropsis sp. required for rearing of coral trout larvae. Nannochloropsis sp. was given to two days old larvae (D-2), with the densities of 2 x 105, 4 x 105, and 6 x 105cell/mL. After 50 days rearing period (D-50), evaluation on the average size and total harvest were recorded. The results showed that the density of 2 x 105 cell/mL Nannochloropsis sp. was the best in survival rate (2.35 ± 1.05%) than other densities, but they were not significantly different (P>0.05) than those of 4 x 105 cell/mL (1.67 ± 0.70%) and 6 x 105 cell/mL (1.26 ± 1.05%). The lower densities, 2 x 105 and 4 x 105cell/mL, were dominated by more than 50% of > 2.7 cm sized juvenile. Histological analysis of fish eyes supported that the two lower densities produced dominant cone shape as the receptor cells in the retina observed. From an economical aspect, addition of 2 x 105 cells/mL resulted on the higher profit, hence optimum density of Nannochloropsis sp. added in coral trout larval rearing on a mass scale was 2 x 105 cells/mL.
EFFECT OF VARIOUS CRYOPROTECTANTS ON PRESERVATION OF BLACK TIGER Penaeus monodon SHRIMP SPERMATOZOA Rosmiati Rosmiati; Ike Trismawanti; Samuel Lante
Indonesian Aquaculture Journal Vol 15, No 2 (2020): (December, 2020)
Publisher : Center for Fisheries Research, Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resource

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/iaj.15.2.2020.77-83

Abstract

The development of cryopreservation technique on tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon broodstock spermatophore has been carried out to support the artificial insemination. This study aims to determine the effect of three cyoprotectants (methanol, dimetylsulphoxide (DMSO), and glycerol) for long term storage of tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon spermatozoa. Spermatophores were collected from the wild broodstocks through electrical shock. Spermatozoa were obtained by homogenizing the spermatophores using a Radnoti micro homogenizer in Ca-free saline solution containing one of three cryoprotectans (methanol, dimetylsulphoxide, and glycerol) separately at the concentration of 5%. One mL of each cryoprotectant containing spermatozoa with the density of 1.02 x 106 cell/mL was transferred into a cryovial and cryopreserved at room temperature, -20°C and -196°C for 5, 10, and 30 days. The apparent sperm viability (ASV) of cryopreserved spermatozoa was monitored after treated. Thawing of cryopreserved spermatozoa was carried out in a 30°C wáter bath for two minutes. The result showed that the best apparent sperm viability was obtained at the using of glycerol at -196°C in liquid nitrogen, even after the thirty days of cryopreservation time period with the ASV of 0.82 x 106 cells/mL (80.39%). Meanwhile two other cryoprotectans displayed the ASV of 0.54 x 106 cells/mL (56.86%), and 0.23 x 106 cells/mL (22.55%). for DMSO and methanol, respectively. In turn, the control showed the lowest ASV with the ASV of 0.01 x 106 cells/mL (1.27%). The ASV showed by this glycerol exhibited asignificant difference (P<0.05) to that of methanol, DMSO, and control.
EFFECTS OF SYNTHETIC ASTAXANTHIN, CHLORELLA, AND SPIRULINA SUPPLEMENTATION IN DIETS ON GROWTH AND PIGMENTATION OF KURUMOI RAINBOWFISH, Melanotaenia parva Nina Meilisza; Muhammad Agus Suprayudi; Dedi Jusadi; Muhammad Zairin Jr.; I Made Artika
Indonesian Aquaculture Journal Vol 15, No 2 (2020): (December, 2020)
Publisher : Center for Fisheries Research, Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resource

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/iaj.15.2.2020.67-75

Abstract

Several studies have recommended the supplementation of astaxanthin in the Kurumoi rainbowfish diet to enhance its color and growth. However, knowledge regarding the effects of naturally-sourced and synthetically-made carotenoids in fish diets is currently limited. This study’s objective was to compare the growth and color performances of Melanotaenia parva by supplementing fish feed with synthetic astaxanthin and natural carotenoids sourced from Chlorella and Spirulina. A total of 12 fish (weight of 1.27 ± 0.02 g and total length of 4.70 ± 0.07 cm) were stocked at a density of one fish per liter. Basal feed (B) was used as the control feed. The experimental feeds were: B added with different doses of synthetic astaxanthin (Carophyll® Pink 10% water-soluble) from low to higher doses as follows: 0.6 g kg-1 (AS-L), 2.6 g kg-1 (AS-O), and 5.1 g kg-1 (AS-H); and B added with natural carotenoids of Chlorella sp. (Ch) and Spirulina sp. (Sp) of 8.6 g kg-1 and 5.5 g kg-1, respectively. The experimental diets were given at satiation for 56 days at 8 am and 3 pm. The study results showed that the addition of synthetic astaxanthin at a dose of 2.6 g kg-1 could increase the fish growth up to 12% with carotenoid deposition in the fish fin of three times higher than that of the treatments without synthetic astaxanthin. This dose was considered the optimal dose to increase the fish’s growth performance and pigmentation compared with the high dose of 5.1 g kg-1. Despite having the same nutrient composition, natural carotenoids in Chlorella and Spirulina did not produce better results compared to the low dose of synthetic astaxanthin of 0.6 g kg-1.
CONTROL OF Vibrio alginolyticus INFECTION IN ASIAN SEA BASS Lates calcarifer USING AMBON BANANA PLANT POWDER Musa paradisiacal THROUGH THE FEED Hamida Pattah; Dinamella Wahjuningrum; Munti Yuhana; Widanarni Widanarni
Indonesian Aquaculture Journal Vol 15, No 2 (2020): (December, 2020)
Publisher : Center for Fisheries Research, Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resource

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/iaj.15.2.2020.85-91

Abstract

Asian sea bass is one of economically important commodities in aquaculture. However, its culture often challenged by vibriosis infection which resulted in lower production. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the ambon banana plant powder application in feed as an effort to control the disease caused by Vibrio alginolyticus infection. Asian sea bass with total length of 7.48 ± 0.45 cm. Five different treatments were applied in this experiment, i.e. positive control, negative control, prevention, curative, and antibiotic application. The challenge test is carried out on the 15th day. Challenge test was performed with intramuscularly injection of V. alginolyticus at the cell density of 106 CFU/fish. The results showed the amount of feed consumption after the challenge test was highest in the curative and antibiotic control. However, these results were not significantly different (P>0.05) among preventive and curative treatments but were significantly different from controls (P<0.05). Fish treated with supplemented feed showed the highest total erythrocytes, total leukocytes, hemoglobin, respiratory burst, and lysozyme activity compared to controls. IL-1b gene expression increased after the challenge test with the highest level of expression in the curative treatment. It can be concluded that the administration of ambon banana plant powder (3 g/100 g diet) could control of V. alginolyticus infection in Asian sea bass and resulted 70.00% survival rate on prevention and 83.33% on curative treatments.
REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF HATCHERY-BRED, WILD-CAUGHT BROODSTOCK, AND THEIR OUTBREED OF THE AFRICAN CATFISH Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Victor Oscar Eyo; Felix Eze; Ochuko Joshua Eriegha
Indonesian Aquaculture Journal Vol 15, No 2 (2020): (December, 2020)
Publisher : Center for Fisheries Research, Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resource

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/iaj.15.2.2020.59-65

Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the reproductive performance of hatchery-bred and wild-caught broodstock of Clarias gariepinus. Thirty pairs of each hatchery-bred and wild-caught broodstock (15 females and 15 males) was used for the study. Induced breeding was carried out in four groups with three replications at a ratio of 1:1 by hypophysation method. Group A: hatchery-bred male and hatchery-bred female (HBM m + HBF f); B: wild-caught male and wild-caught female (WCM m + WCF f), C: hatchery-bred female and wild-caught male (HBF f+ WCM m) and D: wild-caught female and hatchery-bred male C. gariepinus (WCF f + HBM m). Results showed that egg diameter, sperm motility, sperm density, and male GSI were not significantly different (P>0.05) whereas ovary weight, sperm volume, fecundity, female GSI, and percentage fertilization were significantly higher (P<0.05) in hatchery-bred broodstock than wild-caught broodstock. Hatchability was significantly higher (P<0.05) in Group C and D than A and B. In conclusion, a better reproductive performance in C. gariepinus with an economic advantage could be recorded through the combination of wild-caught and hatchery-bred broodstock.
COMBINATION VACCINES AGAINST KOIHERPES VIRUS AND Aeromonas hydrophila CO-INFECTION IN KOI AND COMMON CARP Angela Mariana Lusiastuti; Hessy Novita; Lila Gardenia; Taukhid Taukhid; Habil Sven M. Bergmann
Indonesian Aquaculture Journal Vol 15, No 2 (2020): (December, 2020)
Publisher : Center for Fisheries Research, Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resource

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/iaj.15.2.2020.93-102

Abstract

Co-infections occur when hosts are infected by two or more pathogens, either simultaneous or as a secondary infection. This research aimed to determine the best compositions of vaccine combinations and their protective efficacies against pathogens co-infection. This research was conducted in two stages. Firstly, surveys were conducted in three research areas: infected, high risk of infection, and virus free areas. Samples (three to five fish per pool) were collected from three fish farms per area. The basic antibody titer of fish from each farm was checked before and after vaccination as well as after the virus challenge in combination with the PCR result. The second stage of the research was conducted in the laboratory. Carp and koi fish were used to determine optimal vaccine combination and dosage for oral application. The results of this research showed that combination of KHV: Aeromonas hydrophila vaccines in the ratio of 1:2 and vaccine volume of 3 mL via the oral application gave higher titer antibody and efficacy against KHV and A. hydrophila. In conclusion, the combined vaccine offers an effective means of preventing the diseases, decreasing fish mortality, and simplifying the immunization schedule, which will eventually increase the overall health of farmed fish and benefit fish farmers and service extension officers. This research recommends that further development of the combined vaccines should be carried out, for example, overcoming the technical difficulties in its manufacturing.
BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSES AND GENETIC EXPRESSIONS OF SYNTHETIC COMMON CARP POPULATIONS EXPOSED TO HIGH-AMMONIA REARING ENVIRONMENT yogi Himawan; Alimuddin Alimuddin; Kukuh Nirmala; Imron Imron; Joni Haryadi
Indonesian Aquaculture Journal Vol 16, No 1 (2021): (June, 2021)
Publisher : Center for Fisheries Research, Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resource

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/iaj.16.1.2021.13-19

Abstract

Carp is one of the leading freshwater aquaculture commodities in Indonesia. Further improvement of carp strains by the Research Institute for Fish Breeding (RIFB), Sukamandi, Indonesia, has produced a synthetic F2 carp. The strain is assembled from different strains of carps and has shown better growth and health characteristics. Considering that high environmental ammonia (HEA) has affected most carp grow-out systems, this study aimed to determine the performance of the synthetic carp populations in a high ammonia rearing environment. The treatments were rearing media of the synthetic carp seed populations added with and without (control) 200 mg/L NH4Cl arranged in three replicates. A total of 30 fish seeds/aquarium, weighed 10-15 g/fish, was used in the study. Dissolved oxygen levels were maintained above 2 mg/L using aeration. This study shows that higher tolerant carp populations had red blood cells of 232.66 ± 17.24 cells/mL, indicating a direct effect of high ammonia on red blood cell count (p<0.05). Cortisol levels of 80.90 ± 6.35 ng/mL in resistant carp indicate significant differences (p<0.05). The relative expressions of the HSP70 gene in the liver (Log10) ranged between 0.72 and 2.80. The values demonstrate that high ammonia-resistant synthetic carp have a higher relative expression ratio of the HSP70 gene than the less resistant group. This research concluded that the populations of synthetic F2 carp showed a degree of resistance against high-ammonia rearing conditions. When it is ready for aquaculture, this synthetic carp strain could be farmed in high density using intensive systems in HEA-affected artificial lakes and reservoir
POLLUTION INDEX AND ECONOMIC VALUE OF VANNAMEI SHRIMP (Litopenaeus vannamei) FARMING IN INDONESIA Ofan Bosman; Tri Edhi Budhi Soesilo; Sinung Rahardjo
Indonesian Aquaculture Journal Vol 16, No 1 (2021): (June, 2021)
Publisher : Center for Fisheries Research, Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resource

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/iaj.16.1.2021.51-60

Abstract

Shrimp farming has contributed a large share in Indonesia’s aquaculture portfolio for at least a decade, and a national plan to increase shrimp production by 250% has been recently laid out. However, boosting shrimp productions could lead to unintended consequences in environmental and socio-economic negative impacts. The rapid development of vannamei farming in Java has increased coastline land clearings and demands of fertilizers, feeds, and chemicals to sustain the farming activities. Such pressures will eventually lead to a reduced environmental capacity and the farming efficiency itself. This study aimed to study the environmental impacts and business performance of intensive shrimp farming in Indonesia. The study was conducted in Aquaculture Business Center (ABC) in Karawang for four months, from July to October 2020. In-situ and ex-situ measurements of water quality parameters were done at six sampling stations directly post-harvest water discharge. The measured parameters consisted of temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, ammonia (NH3), nitrite (NO2), nitrate (NO3), phosphate (PO4), alkalinity, and salinity. Pollution Index (PI) was used as the primary method to determine the environmental impacts of the shrimp farming. The R/C Ratio was used to analyze the business performance of the company. The results showed that the water quality index in the ABC area was categorized as lightly polluted in station 1 (PIj 4.52) and station 5 (PIj 4.37), moderately polluted in station 2 (PIj 6.24), station 3 (PIj 6.72), and station 4 (PIj 6.13) and heavily polluted in station 6 (PIj 111.06). The determined R/C ratio was 1.10, meaning that the shrimp farming is classified as economically profitable. Although the shrimp farming’s economic performance value is very good, the water conditions affected by waste from the shrimp pond culture will reduce the R/C ratio in the future if not properly managed.
DIETARY ORGANIC MINERAL INFLUENCES THE GROWTH, FEED UTILIZATION AND VERTEBRAL MINERAL CONTENT OF WILD GOLDEN RABBITFISH, Siganus guttatus Asda Laining; Agus Nawang; Andi Sahrijanna; Muhammad Hafid Masruri; Rachman Syah
Indonesian Aquaculture Journal Vol 16, No 1 (2021): (June, 2021)
Publisher : Center for Fisheries Research, Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resource

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/iaj.16.1.2021.35-42

Abstract

The positive effect of organic mineral as a dietary mineral source in aquafeed has been recently reported on several species. Nevertheless, the influence of organic minerals on rabbitfish has not yet been determined. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different doses of organic mineral on growth and survival, and mineral content in vertebrae of golden rabbitfish, Siganus guttatus. Three diets were formulated containing 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0% organic material (OM). A control diet (OM0) did not contain OM. Instead, it was supplemented with an inorganic mineral mixture at a level of 1%. Three hundred fish were randomly selected and distributed in 12 cages to accommodate the four treatments with triplicates. The stocking density was 20 fish per cage. The initial body weight of fish used was 39.2 ± 0.3 g. Fish were fed the test diets twice a day for 150 days. A significant (P<0.05) cubic effect of the treatments was detected on all dependent parameters analysis, excluding feed intake. The influence of dietary OM was not significant for feed intake, indicating that dietary OM did not negatively affect the appetite of rabbitfish. Mineral (Ca, Mg, Zn) content in the vertebrae was significantly improved when dietary OM was included in the diet up to 1% but decreased at the highest inclusion level of 2%. The optimum level of dietary OM to gain the maximum growth rate of rabbitfish was 0.49% as the reflection of the breakpoint of two regressions fitted on specific growth rate (SGR). It is concluded that dietary OM level significantly affected the growth and vertebral mineral content of golden rabbitfish. The study increases our knowledge of the benefit of utilizing dietary OM in the fish diet.

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