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Jurnal Riset Akuakultur
Published by Politeknik Kelautan dan Perikanan Jembrana
ISSN : 19076754     EISSN : 25026534     DOI : http://doi.org/10.15578/JRA
Core Subject : Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Environmental Science
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur as source of information in the form of the results of research and scientific review (review) in the field of various aquaculture disciplines include genetics and reproduction, biotechnology, nutrition and feed, fish health and the environment, and land resources in aquaculture
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 763 Documents
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HIBRIDISASI INTERSPESIFIK TIGA SPESIES IKAN TOR (Tor soro, Tor douronensis, DAN Tor tambroides) SECARA RESIPROKAL PADA FASE LARVA Toni Yulian Kusmardani; Otong Zenal Arifin; Agoes Soeprijanto; Yunita Maimunah
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur Vol 16, No 1 (2021): (Maret, 2021)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan, Badan Riset dan Sumber Daya Manusia Kelautan dan Perikanan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (126.738 KB) | DOI: 10.15578/jra.16.1.2021.1-8

Abstract

Ikan Tor merupakan genus yang potensi dibudidayakan karena memiliki nilai ekonomis tinggi. Masalah yang ada adalah lambatnya pertumbuhan dan rendahnya tingkat sintasan benih ikan tersebut dalam jumlah yang memadai untuk pembudidaya. Hibridisasi atau persilangan merupakan suatu upaya untuk mendapatkan kombinasi antara populasi yang berbeda untuk menghasilkan keturunan yang memiliki sifat unggul. Hibridisasi tiga spesies ikan Tor secara resiprokal antara Tor soro (Ts), Tor douronensis (Td), dan Tor tambroides (Tt) dilakukan guna untuk mengetahui keberhasilan hibridisasi beda spesies tetapi masih dalam genus. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah eksperimen dengan enam perlakuan dan tiga kali ulangan hasil hibrida. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan nilai derajat pembuahan tertinggi dihasilkan dari hibridisasi Td >< Ts (93,66 ± 1,15%), daya tetas tertinggi dihasilkan dari persilangan Td >< Ts (88,00 ± 1,00%), laju pertumbuhan spesifik bobot tertinggi dihasilkan dari hibridisasi Ts >< Td dan Ts >< Tt (5,62 ± 0,17%; 5,44 ± 0,06%), laju pertumbuhan spesifik panjang tertinggi dihasilkan dari hibridisasi Ts >< Td (1,79 ± 0,11%) dan sintasan tertinggi dihasilkan dari hibridisasi Tt >< Ts (86,00 ± 3,60%). Nilai heterosisyang meliputi derajat pembuahan, daya tetas telur, pertumbuhan benih, dan sintasan ikan sampai umur 41 hari menunjukkan nilai negatif, kecuali laju pertumbuhan spesifik bobot. Hibridisasi berdampak pada meningkatnya jumlah larva abnormal yang dihasilkan dibanding tetuanya (pure breed).Tor fish has the potential to be commercially developed as a farmed fish due to its high economic value and market demand. However, slow growth and low survival rate of the fish larvae and insufficient seed availability for aquaculture farmers are the main bottlenecks to develop a profitable aquaculture for tor fish. Hybridization or crossbreed is an attempt to get a combination between different populations to produce offspring inheriting superior characters. A reciprocal hybridization between Tor soro (Ts), Tor douronensis (Td), and Tor tambroides (Tt) was carried out to assess the success rate of hybridization between the three species. The study used an experimental design with six treatments and three replications to measure and compare hybridization and survival parameters between the species. The highest fertilization rate attained by hybridization Td >< Ts (93.66 ± 1.15%, the highest hatching rate was achieved by Td >< Ts (88.00 ± 1.00%), the highest weight specific growth rate was gained by hybridization Ts >< Td and Ts >< Tt (5.62 ± 0.17%; 5.44 ± 0.06%), the highest lenght specific growth rate was achieved by hybridization Ts >< Td (1.79 ± 0.11%) and highest survival rate was resulted from hybridization between Tor tambroides >< Tor tambroides (90.33 ± 1.52%). The observed heterosis (degree of fertilization rate, hatching rate, growth rate, and survival rate until the age of 41 days) showed that all parameter characters were negative, except for the weight-specific growth rate characters. This study concludes that hybridization have an impact on increasing the number of abnormal larvae produced compared to their parents (pure-breed).
EFEKTIVITAS PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK DAUN ECENG GONDOK (Eichhornia crassipes) TERHADAP PENCEGAHAN SAPROLEGNIASIS PADA TELUR IKAN GURAMI (Osphronemus gouramy) Yayang Dita Wulandari; Ganjar Adhywirawan Sutarjo; Anis - Zubaidah
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur Vol 15, No 4 (2020): (Desember, 2020)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan, Badan Riset dan Sumber Daya Manusia Kelautan dan Perikanan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (126.738 KB) | DOI: 10.15578/jra.15.4.2020.245-251

Abstract

Terbatasnya ketersediaan benih hingga saat ini masih menjadi kendala keberhasilan produksi ikan gurami. Hal ini salah satunya disebabkan oleh terjadinya infeksi jamur Saprolegnia sp. pada telur sehingga terjadi kegagalan dalam penetasan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas pemberian ekstrak daun eceng gondok dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda terhadap prevalensi dan pertumbuhan jamur Saprolegnia sp. pada telur gurami. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimen dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL). Ekstrak daun eceng gondok didapatkan melalui metode maserasi yaitu dengan perendaman serbuk daun eceng gondok dan ethanol 96% kemudian penguapan menggunakan rotary evaporator. Pengujian dilakukan dengan empat perlakuan dan lima ulangan. Wadah pemeliharaan menggunakan akuarium ukuran 15 cm x 15 cm x 20 cm. Interval pengamatan uji minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), uji daya hambat, dan prevalensi masing-masing 48 jam, 5-7 hari, dan 24 jam. Dosis pengenceran ekstrak daun eceng gondok pada uji MIC yaitu 6,25%; 12,5%; 25%; dan 50%. Hasil penelitian dari MIC yaitu pada pengenceran 25% terjadi penghambatan pertumbuhan Saprolegnia sp. Kemudian dilakukan pengujian lanjutan yaitu uji daya hambat pengenceran terendah 6,5% dengan rentang pengenceran 0,25%. Hasil uji daya hambat masing-masing perlakuan A (0%) 0 mm, perlakuan B (6,5%) 1,44 mm; perlakuan C (6,75%) 1,92 mm; dan perlakuan D (7%) 2,26 mm. Dengan prevalensi masing-masing 46,8%; 28%; 22%; dan 17,6%. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pada uji MIC hasil pengenceran 6,25% hingga 50% terjadi penghambatan pertumbuhan Saprolegnia sp. Uji lanjut daya hambat dari ekstrak daun eceng gondok secara keseluruhan memiliki tingkat daya hambat yang rendah yaitu £ 5 mm, namun semakin tinggi dosis yang digunakan dapat menurunkan tingkat prevalensi jamur Saprolegnia sp. pada telur gurami.Limited availability of seeds to date is still an obstacle to the success of gouramy production. This is partly due to the onsling of Saprolegnia sp. fungal infection on the egg so that there is a failure in hatching. The purpose of this study is to find out the effectiveness of giving hyacinth leaf extract with different concentrations against the prevalence and growth of Saprolegnia sp. on gouramy’s eggs. The method used was an experiment with RAL (Complete Randomized Design). The water hyacinth leaf extract is obtained through maceration method by soaking water hyacinth leaf powder and ethanol 96% then evaporation using a rotary evaporator. The test was carried out with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The maintenance container uses an aquarium 15 cm x 15 cm x 20 cm. Observation intervals of MIC test (minimum inhibitory concentration), inhibitory test, and the prevalence of 48 hours, 5-7 days, and 24 hours, respectively. Dilution doses of water hyacinth leaf extract in MIC test were 6.25%; 12.5%; 25%; and 50%. The results of research from MIC that is 25% dilution occurs inhibition of Saprolegnia sp. growth. Then, further testing is done with the lowest dilution inhibition test of 6.5% with a dilution range of 0.25%. The inhibitory test results for each treatment A (0%) 0 mm, treatment B (6.5%) 1.44 mm, treatment C (6.75%) 1.92 mm, and treatment D (7%) 2, 26 mm. With a prevalence of 46.8%, 28%, 22%, and 17.6%, respectively. The conclusion of this study is the MIC test results of dilution of 6.25% to 50% inhibition of growth of Saprolegnia sp. Further tests of inhibition of water hyacinth leaf extract as a whole have a low inhibitory level which is £ 5 mm, but the higher the dose used can reduce the prevalence rate.
POTENSI PREBIOTIK MADU KLENGKENG, RANDU, DAN ORGANIK TERHADAP KINERJA PERTUMBUHAN IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus) Yani Aryati; Widanarni Widanarni; Dinamella Wahjuningrum; Iman Rusmana; Angela Mariana Lusiastuti
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur Vol 15, No 3 (2020): (September, 2020)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan, Badan Riset dan Sumber Daya Manusia Kelautan dan Perikanan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (126.738 KB) | DOI: 10.15578/jra.15.3.2020.185-193

Abstract

Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan performa pertumbuhan dan komposisi mikroflora dalam usus, menghambat pertumbuhan patogen, dan meningkatkan imunitas ikan adalah dengan pemberian prebiotik. Madu memiliki kandungan utama berupa oligosakarida, salah satu material yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai prebiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi potensi madu klengkeng, randu, dan organik sebagai prebiotik dan menguji pengaruhnya terhadap kinerja pertumbuhan ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus). Kriteria prebiotik yang diuji meliputi kandungan oligosakarida dari madu dan ekstraknya menggunakan kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT), hidrolisis asam lambung dan a-amilase dari ketiga ekstrak madu, serta stimulasi pertumbuhan bakteri probiotik dari ekstrak ketiga jenis madu. Pengujian pada ikan nila dilakukan selama 30 hari dengan perlakuan A (kontrol), B (1% madu klengkeng pada pakan), C (1% madu randu pada pakan), dan D (1% madu organik pada pakan), masing-masing diulang empat kali. Parameter kinerja pertumbuhan yang diukur meliputi bobot biomassa awal, bobot biomassa akhir, pertambahan bobot, konsumsi pakan, laju pertumbuhan spesifik, rasio konversi pakan, dan sintasan. Hasil pengujian dengan KLT menunjukkan ekstrak madu klengkeng dan randu merupakan oligosakarida. Hidrolisis asam lambung dan asam á-amilase selama tiga jam pengamatan mengalami peningkatan, baik dari ekstrak madu klengkeng, madu randu, dan madu organik. Ekstrak madu randu memiliki kinerja paling baik dalam menstimulasi pertumbuhan bakteri probiotik. Madu klengkeng, randu, dan organik memenuhi kriteria prebiotik. Penambahan madu randu pada pakan ikan nila mampu meningkatkan bobot biomassa akhir tertinggi (28,42 ± 0,79); laju pertumbuhan spesifik tertinggi (11,15 ± 0,09), dan memberikan rasio konversi pakan terendah (1,77 ± 0,06) dibandingkan dengan perlakuan madu yang lain. Penambahan madu klengkeng, randu, dan organik sebanyak 1% melalui pakan mampu meningkatkan kinerja pertumbuhan ikan nila dengan hasil terbaik adalah penambahan madu randu.One of the efforts to improvethe growth performance and composition of microflora in the intestine, inhibit the growth of pathogens, and increase the immunity of fish is through the application of prebiotics. Honey is known to contain oligosaccharides, which can be used as prebiotics. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of longan, kapok, and organic honey as prebiotics and examine their effects on the growth performance of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The prebiotic criteria tested included oligosaccharide content from the honey and their extracts using thin layer chromatography (TLC), gastric acid hydrolysis, and a-amylase as well as stimulation of growth of probiotic bacteria from the extract of the honey. Tests on tilapia were carried out for 30 days with treatments A (control), B (1% longan honey added in the feed), C (1% kapok honey added in the feed), and D (1% organic honey added in the feed) and each treatment repeated four times. The measured growth performance parameters included initial biomass weight, final biomass weight, weight gain, feed consumption, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and survival. Test results with TLC showed that the extract of longan honey and kapok were oligosaccharides. Gastric acid hydrolysis and á-amylase acid during three hours of observation showed an increase, both from the extract of longan, kapok, and organic honey. The extract of kapok honey has the best performance in stimulating the growth of probiotic bacteria. Longan, kapok, and organic honey meet the criteria required for prebiotic. The addition of kapok honey intilapia feed attained the highest final biomass weight (28.42 ± 0.79), the highest specific growth rate (11.15 ± 0.09), and produced the lowest feed conversion ratio (1.77 ± 0.06) compared to the other honey treatments. The addition of 1% longan, kapok, and organic honey in feed can improve the growth performance of tilapia, of which kapok honey gives the best result. 
SKRINING DAN IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI ANTI QUORUM SENSING ASAL TAMBAK UDANG VANAME PENGHAMBAT VIRULENSI Vibrio parahaemolyticus Emei Widiyastuti; Iman Rusmana; Munti Yuhana
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur Vol 16, No 1 (2021): (Maret, 2021)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan, Badan Riset dan Sumber Daya Manusia Kelautan dan Perikanan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (126.738 KB) | DOI: 10.15578/jra.16.1.2021.61-69

Abstract

Vibriosis dapat dicegah dan dikendalikan dengan memanfaatkan mekanisme anti quorum sensing (AQS). Salah satu strategi anti quorum sensing dalam menghambat ekspresi faktor virulen dari Vibrio parahaemolyticus yaitu dengan mendegradasi sinyal komunikasi sel bakteri menggunakan AHL laktonase. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyeleksi dan mengindentifikasi bakteri penghasil AHL laktonase yang berpotensi mampu menghambat virulensi bakteri patogen V. parahaemolyticus. Isolasi bakteri dilakukan dari sampel saluran pencernaan udang vaname, air, dan sedimen tambak. Sebanyak 18 dari 111 isolat yang diisolasi menunjukkan adanya aktivitas AQS terhadap bioindikator Chromobacterium violaceum. Hasil uji patogenitas secara in vitro pada agar darah didapatkan tiga isolat yang tidak menunjukkan aktivitas hemolisis yaitu B5, K4, dan S12. Hasil konfirmasi dan analisis gen aiiA menggunakan Blast-X menunjukkan bahwa isolat B5 dan S12 memiliki kesamaan dengan AHL laktonase pada Bacillus cereus, sedangkan K4 memiliki similaritas dengan AHL laktonase pada multispesies Bacillus sp. Hasil pensejajaran sekuen gen 16S rRNA ketiga isolat tersebut dengan data pada GenBank, teridentifikasi sebagai Bacillus siamensis (B5), Bacillus cereus (K4), dan Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (S12). Berdasarkan hasil uji antagonis dan uji kultur bersama disimpulkan bahwa isolat K4 bekerja dengan mekanisme AQS sedangkan isolat B5 dan S12 diduga berjalan dua mekanisme secara bersama yaitu antibiosis dan anti quorum sensing. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ketiga isolat tersebut memiliki potensi sebagai kandidat agen biokontrol pada akuakultur sehingga perlu dilakukan uji lanjutan.Vibriosis can be prevented and controlled by utilizing the anti-quorum sensing (AQS) mechanism. One of the anti-quorum sensing mechanisms to inhibit the expression of virulent factors of Vibrio parahaemolyticus is by degrading the quorum sensing communication signals using AHL lactonase. The study aimed to select and identify AHL lactonase-producing bacteria that have the potentials to inhibit the virulence of V. parahaemolyticus. Several batches of bacteria were isolated from the digestive tract of vannamei shrimp, water, and sediment of shrimp ponds. There were 18 out of 111 isolates that showed AQS activity against Chromobacterium violaceum used as a bioindicator. In vitro pathogenicity test on blood agar showed that B5, K4, and S12 isolates showed gamma hemolysis activity. The results of confirmation and analysis of aiiA genes using Blast-X showed that B5 and S12 isolates have AHL lactonase similarities with Bacillus cereus, whereas K4 has similarities with multispecies Bacillus sp. Alignment results of the 16S rRNA gene sequences with GenBank data showed that B5, K4, and S12 isolates were identified as Bacillus siamensis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, respectively. The follow up antagonistic and coculture tests revealed that K4 uses the AQS mechanism, while B5 and S12 likely use antibiotic mechanism and anti quorum sensing to inhibit the virulent expression of V. parahaemolyticus. This study concludes that the three isolates have the potential to be used as biocontrol agents in brackishwater aquaculture. Further research is needed to determine the pathogenicity of AQS bacteria to vannamei shrimp and the effective concentration of AQS bacteria to inhibit the virulence of V. parahaemolyticus to vannamei shrimp by in vivo treatment.  
PERFORMA REPRODUKSI TIGA GENERASI IKAN CUPANG ALAM (Betta imbellis Ladiges, 1975) DI LINGKUNGAN TERKONTROL Eni Kusrini; Petrus Harry Tjahjo Sudibja; Fatiya Kharimah; Rudhy Gustiano
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur Vol 15, No 4 (2020): (Desember, 2020)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan, Badan Riset dan Sumber Daya Manusia Kelautan dan Perikanan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (126.738 KB) | DOI: 10.15578/jra.15.4.2020.215-220

Abstract

Ikan cupang alam (Betta imbellis Ladiges, 1975) merupakan salah satu jenis ikan cupang asli Indonesia yang belum banyak dibudidayakan. Dalam pengembangan budidayanya, kemampuan reproduksi antar generasi masih perlu dikaji lebih mendalam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji keragaan reproduksi tiga generasi ikan cupang alam. Perlakuan berupa induk generasi awal hasil tangkapan dari alam (G-0), generasi pertama (G-1), dan generasi kedua (G-2). Setiap generasi menggunakan tiga pasang induk, dan setiap pasang berlaku sebagai ulangan. Pemijahan secara alami menggunakan wadah baskom berdiameter 40 cm yang dilengkapi dengan shelter penempel telur. Pengamatan meliputi fekunditas, diameter telur, derajat pembuahan, dan derajat penetasan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan generasi tidak berpengaruh terhadap parameter diameter telur fekunditas dan derajat pembuahan (P>0,05). Namun berbeda nyata (P<0,05) dalam daya tetas antara generasi hasil domestikasi (G-1 dan G-2) dengan generasi awal (G-0).The wild-type fighting fish (Betta imbellis Ladiges, 1975) is a native species of Indonesia that has not been widely cultivated. In order to cultivate this species, the reproductive performance between generations of the fish needs to be studied. This study aimed to examine the reproductive performance of three generations of wild-type Betta imbellis. The treatments consisted of differently sourced broodstocks, i.e., caught from the wild (G-0), first produced generation (G-1), and second produced generation (G-2). Each broodstock group used three pairs of parents, where each pair acted as the replicates. The broodstock groups were naturally spawned in 40 cm diameter basins equipped with an egg-holding shelter. The observed parameters included fecundity, egg diameter, degree of fertilization, and degree of hatching. The results showed that the generation treatment did not affect the egg diameter, fecundity, fertilization rate, and hatching rate (P>0.05). However, a significant difference (P<0.05) of hatchability was observed between the domesticated generation (G-1 and G-2) and the wild generation (G-0).
EMBRIOGENESIS DAN PERKEMBANGAN LARVA SIPUT GONGGONG, Laevistrombus turturella PADA SUHU INKUBASI BERBEDA Muzahar Muzahar; Muhammad Zairin Jr.; Fredinan Yulianda; Muhammad Agus Suprayudi; Alimuddin Alimuddin; Irzal Effendi
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur Vol 15, No 3 (2020): (September, 2020)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan, Badan Riset dan Sumber Daya Manusia Kelautan dan Perikanan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (126.738 KB) | DOI: 10.15578/jra.15.3.2020.159-164

Abstract

Fase larva pada siput gonggong sebagaimana pada biota akuatik lain adalah fase yang peka dan rawan kematian. Penyerapan kuning telur untuk pembentukan organ dalam terjadi pada fase ini. Suhu air memengaruhi perkembangan embrionik dan metabolisme dalam tubuh biota. Informasi tentang pengaruh suhu inkubasi terhadap embriogenesis dan perkembangan larva siput gonggong masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh suhu berbeda terhadap embriogenesis dan perkembangan larva siput gonggong. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan tiga perlakuan dan dua ulangan. Tiga perlakuan perbedaan suhu yang diberikan yaitu 27°C, 29°C, dan 31°C. Sampel telur yang digunakan berasal dari hasil pemijahan semibuatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa inkubasi pada suhu air 31°C memberikan stimulasi tercepat pada embriogenesis dan perkembangan larva siput gonggong daripada perlakuan lainnya. Larva siput gonggong menetas dan berenang bebas pada jam ke-94 pasca-inkubasi. Penelitian dengan perlakuan yang sama perlu dilanjutkan untuk dapat menghasilkan benih siput gonggong.Similar to most of the other aquatic biota, the larval phase of gonggong conch is considered a sensitive and death-prone life stage. The absorption of egg yolk to form the internal organs occurs in this phase. Certain external factors, particularly water temperature, play a significant influence on the embryonic development and metabolic processes of gonggong conch larvae. However, the extent of the effects of incubation temperature on the embryogenesis and larval development of gonggong conch has not been determined or thoroughly studied. This study aimed to determine the effects of different temperatures on the embryogenesis and larval development of gonggong conch. The experiment used a completely randomized design with three treatments and two replicates. The temperature treatments were 27°C, 29°C, and 31°C. The egg samples used were collected from the semi-artificial spawnings of gonggong conch. The results showed that the egg incubation using the water temperature of 31°C provided the fastest stimulation in the embryogenesis and development of gonggong conch larvae than the other treatments. Gonggong conch larvae hatched and swam freely in the 94th hours post-incubation. Research with the same treatment needs to be continued to be able to produce gonggong conch seeds.
PERFORMANSI REPRODUKSI INDUK IKAN BARONANG, Siganus guttatus YANG DIBERI PAKAN MENGANDUNG RUMPUT LAUT Usman - Usman; Kamaruddin Kamaruddin; Asda - Laining; Samuel - Lante
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur Vol 16, No 1 (2021): (Maret, 2021)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan, Badan Riset dan Sumber Daya Manusia Kelautan dan Perikanan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (688.632 KB) | DOI: 10.15578/jra.16.1.2021.19-30

Abstract

Perfomansi reproduksi dan kualitas larva ikan baronang, Siganus guttatus, masih rendah. Rumput laut, Gracilaria sp. dan Ulva sp. merupakan pakan alami di alam dan mengandung nutrien penting untuk ikan baronang. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi penggunaan pakan yang mengandung rumput laut terhadap performa reproduksi induk ikan baronang. Perlakuan yang dicobakan adalah (A) pakan buatan tanpa kandungan tepung rumput laut, (B) pakan buatan mengandung tepung rumput laut Gracilaria sp. 15%, (C) pakan buatan mengandung tepung rumput laut Ulva sp. 15%, (D) pakan buatan tanpa tepung rumput laut (A) + rumput laut segar Gracilaria sp. Induk ikan baronang berukuran rata-rata 250,7 ± 20,8 g; dipelihara dalam bak beton berukuran 2,0 m x 1,5 m x 1,0 m; kepadatan 20 ekor/bak dengan rasio betina dan jantan 1:1. Peubah yang diamati meliputi fekunditas, diameter oocyte,diameter telur terbuahi, tingkat pembuahan telur, tingkat penetasan telur, panjang larva D-0, dan kandungan energi larva D-0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keempat pakan uji memberikan performansi reproduksi ikan baronang yang tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05). Induk ikan baronang pada semua perlakuan memijah setiap bulan, fekunditas telur 863-1.149 butir/g induk; diameter oosit 435,7-439,7 µm; diameter telur yang terbuahi 576,1-583,0 µm; tingkat pembuahan telur 94,8%-96,1%; tingkat penetasan telur 78,6%-84,7%; dan panjang larva D-0 berkisar 2,20-2,24 mm; serta kandungan energi larva D-0 5.620-5.662 kal/g. Rumput laut Gracilaria sp. dan Ulva sp. tidak memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda nyata terhadap performansi reproduksi, namun keempat pakan tersebut dapat diaplikasikan dalam pematangan gonad dan pemijahan induk ikan baronang untuk produksi larva secara massal.Reproductive perfomance and quality of larvae of rabbitfish, Siganus guttatus, are still low. Seaweed, Gracilaria sp. and Ulva sp., are the natural food of rabbitfish and contain important nutrients for the fish. This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of seaweed-supplemented artificial diet on the reproductive performance of rabbitfish. The treatments consisted of the artificial diet : (A) without seaweed content, (B) 15% of seaweed, Gracilaria sp. meal, (C) 15% of seaweed, Ulva sp. meal, (D) without seaweed meal (A) + fresh Gracilaria sp. The rabbitfish broodstock with an average weight of 250 ± 20.9 g were maintained in eight concrete tanks measuring at 2.0 m x 1.5 m x 1.0 m. The fish stocking density was 20 fish/tank with the ratio of female and male of 1:1. The observed variables were fecundity, oocyte diameter, fertilized egg diameter, egg fertilization rate, egg hatching rate, D-0 larvae length, and D-0 larvae energy content. The results showed that the feed treatments had no significant effect (P>0.05) on all of reproductive variables of rabbitfish broodstock. The test fish spawned every month, with fecundity, oocyte diameter, fertilized egg diameter, egg fertilization rate, egg hatching rate, D-0 larval length, and the energy content of D-0 larvae ranged between 863-1,149 egg/g fish, 435.7-439.7 µm, 576.1-583.0 µm, 94.8%-96.1%, 78.6%-84.7%, 2.20-2.24 mm, and 5.620-5.662 cal/g, respectively. This study concludes that the application of seaweed Gracilaria sp. and Ulva sp. have no significant effect on the reproductive performanceof rabbitfish broodstock. However, the four test diets could be used in gonad maturation and spawning of rabbitfish in the effort of mass producing the fish larvae for aquaculture.
KANDUNGAN FITOKIMIA DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERIA EKSTRAK DAUN MANGROVE (Sonneratia alba) SECARA INVITRO TERHADAP Aeromonas hydrophila Emmy Syafitri; Dwi Tika Afriani; Budiman Siregar; Yuda Gustiawan
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur Vol 15, No 4 (2020): (Desember, 2020)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan, Badan Riset dan Sumber Daya Manusia Kelautan dan Perikanan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (126.738 KB) | DOI: 10.15578/jra.15.4.2020.253-259

Abstract

Pengendalian penyakit infeksi Aeromonas hydrophila pada ikan budidaya air tawar belum sepenuhnya tertangani dengan baik. Upaya alternatif untuk mencegah penyakit infeksi A. hydrophila, maka dicoba menggunakan bahan alami berupa daun Sonneratia alba yang merupakan tumbuhan mangrove. Tumbuhan tersebut disinyalir mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri patogen baik gram negative maupun gram positif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui senyawa kimia dan menguji daya hambat daun S. alba terhadap pertumbuhan A. hydrophila. Penapisan senyawa kimia diuji dengan metode kualitatif dan uji daya hambat bakteri ditentukan dengan metode difusi cakram. Analisis hasil penapisan fitokimia kualitatif menunjukkan bahwa ekstra ketanol daun S. alba mengandung tanin, steroid, alkaloid, flavonoid dan saponin. Aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan terhadap diameter zona hambat yang terbentuk di sekitar kertas cakram. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun S. alba memiliki potensi dalam menghambat pertumbuhan A. hydrophila dengan zona hambat terbesar yaitu 15,67 mm pada konsentrasi 10.000 mg/LAeromonas hydrophila infections in freshwater aquaculture have not been fully controlled. Several alternatives are available and could be used to prevent A. hydrophila infection, one of which is using the natural ingredients in the leaves of Sonneratia alba, a tropical mangrove plant. The chemical compounds in plant’s leaves were suspected to be capable of inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria both gram-negative and gram-positive. The purpose of this study was to determine these chemical compounds and test their inhibitory capabilities on the growth of A. hydrophila. Screening of chemical compounds was done using qualitative methods, and bacterial inhibitory tests were determined by the disk diffusion method. Results of the qualitative phytochemical screening showed that ethanol extract of S. Alba leaves contained tannins, steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids and saponins. Antibacterial activity was carried out by measuring the inhibition zone diameter. The results showed that S. alba leaf extract had the potential to inhibit the growth of A. hydrophila where the largest inhibitory zone was 15.67 mm at a concentration of 10,000 mg/L
RESPONS FISIOLOGIS DAN KINERJA PERTUMBUHAN IKAN NILA PADA MEDIA RENDAH AMONIA DAN DIBERI SUPLEMEN ASAM GLUTAMAT Titin Kurniasih; Dedi Jusadi; Muhammad Agus Suprayudi; Sri Nuryati; Muhammad Zairin Jr.; Eddy Supriyono
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur Vol 15, No 3 (2020): (September, 2020)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan, Badan Riset dan Sumber Daya Manusia Kelautan dan Perikanan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (215.117 KB) | DOI: 10.15578/jra.15.3.2020.175-183

Abstract

Ketika dipapar media tinggi amonia, ikan nila mengalami perubahan metabolisme asam amino yang cukup signifikan, dan suplementasi asam glutamat berguna untuk memperbaiki perubahan yang merugikan akibat paparan amonia. Akan tetapi informasi mengenai aspek metabolisme asam amino pada ikan nila yang dipapar amonia rendah masih sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh suplementasi asam glutamat pada ikan nila merah yang dipelihara pada media budidaya rendah amonia terhadap respons fisiologis dan kinerja pertumbuhan. Ikan nila dengan bobot rata-rata 9,97 ± 0,38 g ditebar sebanyak 20 ekor pada setiap akuarium (padat tebar 1,0 g L-1). Empat jenis pakan isoprotein (kadar protein 28%) dan isoenergi (4245 ± 22,48 kkal kg-1) disuplementasi asam glutamat masing-masing sebanyak 0% (Glu 0), 0,75% (Glu 0,75), 1,5% (Glu 1,5) dan 2,25% (Glu 2,25). Setiap perlakuan diberi empat ulangan. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 60 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pakan yang ditambah glutamat memberi efek pada respon fisiologis ikan. Aktivitas enzim aspartate aminotransferase (AST) pada Glu 2,25 lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya, yang menjadi indikasi penurunan beban kerja hati. Ada kecenderungan peningkatan kadar aspartat, alanin, leusin, isoleusin dan valin pada jaringan hati seiring dengan meningkatnya kadar suplementasi asam glutamat. Di dalam penelitian ini, kinerja pertumbuhan ikan tidak berbeda nyata antar perlakuan. Kesimpulannya adalah bahwa konsumsi pakan yang ditambah asam glutamat 2,25% mampu memperbaiki respons fisiologis ikan akibat menurunnya beban kerja hati yang dicirikan dengan penurunan nilai AST, serta meningkatnya kandungan beberapa asam amino hati, walau belum mampu memperbaiki kinerja pertumbuhan dan pemanfaatan pakan oleh ikan nila. Informasi ini berguna untuk pengembangan riset terkait aspek metabolisme asam amino pada ikan nila yang terpapar media tinggi amonia.When exposed to high ammonia aquatic environment, nile tilapia experienced a significant change in hepatic amino acid metabolism and glutamic acid supplementation can reduce the effects of the adverse change. However, there are no sufficient information on the amino acid metabolisme of tilapia exposed to low environmental ammonia. This research was performed to evaluate the effects of oral supplementation of glutamic acid on the aminotransferase enzymes activity and growth performance of red tilapia reared in low environmental ammonia (LEA) with NH4 concentration of 0.10 mg L-1. Fish with an average weight of 9.97 ± 0.38 g were stocked with an initial rearing density of 1.0 g L-1(20 fish in each aquarium). Four isonitrogenous (crude protein 28%) and isocaloric (4246 ± 22.48kcal kg-1) experimental diets were prepared with supplementation of different ratios of glutamic acid at 0% (Glu0), 0.75% (Glu0.75), 1.5%(Glu1.5) and 2.25 % (Glu2.25) to feed, respectively. All treatment groups were arranged quadruplicate. Fish were fed with the diets for 60 days. The results showed that the supplementation of glutamic acid in the diet affected the physiological response of the fish. The aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity of Glu2.25 was significantly lower compared to that of the other treatments, which indicated a decrease in liver workload. There is a tendency of increased levels of hepatic free aspartate, alanine, leucine, isoleucine, and valine following the increase of glutamic acid supplementation level. The fish growth performance was insignificantly different between the treatments. It is concluded that a diet supplemented with 2.25% of glutamic acid could improve the physiological response of red tilapia, although no significant growth improvement should be expected. These research finding could serve as an important basic information for future research on amino acid and endogenous ammonia metabolism in nile tilapia exposed to high ammonia aquatic environment.
PENINGKATAN PERTUMBUHAN DAN SINTASAN BENIH IKAN TUNA SIRIP KUNING, Thunnus albacares DALAM PENDEDERAN SISTEM INDOOR Jhon Harianto Hutapea; Ananto Setiadi; Gunawan Gunawan
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur Vol 16, No 1 (2021): (Maret, 2021)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan, Badan Riset dan Sumber Daya Manusia Kelautan dan Perikanan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (126.738 KB) | DOI: 10.15578/jra.16.1.2021.9-17

Abstract

Sintasan larva hingga benih ikan tuna sirip kuning di hatchery sudah meningkat dari 0,05% menjadi 0,20%-0,50%. Namun mortalitas pada pemeliharaan tahap berikutnya sangat tinggi. Kematian benih karena menabrak dinding bak/jaring, berkaitan dengan kebiasaan renang dan kondisi lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, riset pendederan ini difokuskan pada pengamatan kebiasaan berenang dan pemangsaan, serta kondisi lingkungan. Wadah yang digunakan adalah enam buah bak fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) diameter 2,7 m; ketinggian 1,0 m; dan diisi dengan air laut 5 m3. Hewan uji berupa benih ikan tuna sirip kuning dengan panjang total 29,82 ± 2,51 mm hasil produksi dari hatchery, sebanyak 50 ekor benih per bak. Perlakuan dalam riset adalah perbedaan sistem pemeliharaan, yaitu: (A) indoor dan (B) outdoor dengan tiga ulangan dan lama penelitian 21 hari. Pakan yang digunakan adalah ikan segar berupa benih bandeng yang dimatikan dan ikan teri dengan panjang total 15-25 mm dan ikan cincang (minced fish). Frekuensi pemberian pakan adalah enam kali per hari dan diberikan secara satiasi. Parameter meliputi suhu, oksigen terlarut, dan intensitas cahaya diukur setiap hari. Hasil riset menunjukkan bahwa sintasan dalam pendederan sistem indoor sebesar 20,0 ± 4,0% lebih tinggi (P<0,05) dibanding dengan sistem outdoor (6,7 ± 5,0%). Pertumbuhan bobot spesifik 12,4% hari-1 pada sistem indoor lebih baik dibandingkan sistem outdoor yang hanya 9,8% hari-1 (P<0,05). Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa intensitas cahaya dan suhu yang lebih stabil pada pendederan sistem indoor memberikan sintasan dan pertumbuhan yang lebih baik dibandingkan pada sistem outdoor. Namun demikian, disarankan bahwa pendederan dalam bak FRP sebaiknya tidak lebih dari dua minggu agar diperoleh sintasan yang lebih tinggi dan selanjutnya dipindahkan ke karamba jaring apung (KJA).The survival rate of reared yellowfin tuna from larvae to juvenile stages in hatchery has been improved from 0.05% to 0.20%-0.50%. Unfortunately, the fish’s mortality rate during the nursery phase is still very high. Unpredicted swimming and feeding behaviors have resulted the reared juveniles to uncontrollably hit the tank wall and died. Therefore, this research was carried out to study the swimming and feeding habits of yellowfin tuna juveniles and its response to different rearing environments. Six fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) tanks with a diameter of 2.7 m, height 1.0 m, and filled with 5 m3 of filtered sea water were used in the study. Yellowfin tuna juveniles with an average total length of 29.82 ± 2.51 mm were harvested from a hatchery and placed into each tank at a density of 50 fish tank-1. The treatments applied were two nursery systems: (A) indoor and (B) outdoor system with three replicates. The rearing treatment lasted for 21 days. Raw fish was given as feed consisting of mixed of defrosted milkfish fry and small anchovy with total length ranged between 15-25 mm as well as minced fish meat. Feed was given six times per day at satiation. The observed parameters were temperature, dissolved oxygen, and light intensity measured daily. The results showed that the survival rate of juvenile in the indoor system was 20.0 ± 4.0%, which was higher (P<0.05) than that of the outdoor system (6.7 ± 5.0%). Weight specific growth rate of fish reared in the indoor system was 12.4% day-1 which was better than that of the outdoor system which was only 9.8% day-1 (P<0.05). This research concludes that a stable light intensity and water temperature in the indoor nursery system gives better survival and growth rate on yellowfin tuna juvenile. Nevertheless, this research recommends that the nursery phase of yellowfin tuna juvenile in FRP tank should be carried out not more than two weeks in order to produce a higher survival rate and then transferred to floating net cages.

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