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Study of microwave-assisted extraction of polyphenol from Phyllanthus urinaria Ngo, Dat Trinh Tac; Tran, Ngoc Hieu; Hoang, Kim Anh
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 13, No 1 (2024): December
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.13.1.88-98

ABSTRACTBackground: Phyllanthus urinaria, found extensively in tropical Asian countries, possesses numerous biological activities attributed to its polyphenol compounds.Objective: This study aims to optimize polyphenol extraction from Phyllanthus urinaria using microwave assistance.Materials and Methods: First, the effects of parameters including ethanol concentration (used as the solvent) (40–80% v/v), material-to-solvent ratio (1:10–1:50 w/v), extraction time (30–150 minutes), and extraction temperature (30–70°C) on conventional extraction were investigated. Subsequently, the effects of microwave pretreatment prior to extraction during the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) process, including microwave power (100–700 W) and irradiation time (1–9 minutes), were evaluated. Optimal extraction conditions were determined based on total flavonoid content (TFC), total phenolic content (TPC), and antioxidant activity (DPPH scavenging assay) of the extract. The second-order kinetic model was also used to compare the efficiency of extraction methods.Results: Results indicated that a microwave power of 250 W and irradiation time of 3 minutes were optimal for material pretreatment prior to extraction. Subsequent extraction parameters included ethanol concentration of 60% (v/v), solvent-to-material ratio of 1:40 (w/v), extraction temperature of 50°C, and extraction time of 60 minutes. Under these conditions, the extract exhibited maximum levels of TPC (277.99 ± 5.47 mgGAE/gDW), TFC (38.90 ± 0.58 gQE/gDW), and TEAC (280.08 ± 0.75 µmolTE/gDW), which were 22.5%, 36.1%, and 29.4% higher, respectively, compared to the control without microwave treatment.Conclusion: Furthermore, the second-order kinetic model demonstrated higher initial extraction rate (h), extraction rate constant (k), and extraction capacity (Ce) for MAE compared to conventional extraction.Keywords: Antioxidant capacity; kinetic model; microwave-assisted extractio; phyllanthus urinaria; polyphenol

Anthropometric indices and physical activity in relation to premenstrual syndrome among female adolescents Maulidiana, Annisa Rizky; Qomariah, Putri Nabila; Rahmawati, Savitri Nur; Airin, Airin; Nazifa, Azzahra; Nurazizah, Dumay Mutiara; Chrishargyantari, Tirsa Dewanti; Ventiyaningsih, Agustiana Dwi Indiah; Fahmi, Ilmia
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 13, No 1 (2024): December
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.13.1.35-41

Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a collection of symptoms that are usually experienced by female adolescent before the start of each menstrual cycle which can impact their social activities and concentration on studies. There are several factors that can influence the occurrence of PMS, such as nutritional status, body composition, and physical level. Objectives: To explore the incidence of PMS among female adolescents and its correlation with anthropometric indices and physical activity in Malang City, IndonesiaMaterials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in August to November 2023. A total of 143 female second year students from three public high schools in Malang City was participated in this study. Weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference, and body fat percentage (BF%) were measured. Anthropometric indices including body mass index-for-age (BMI-for-age), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. PMS was measured using 10-item shortened Premenstrual Assessment Form(sPAF) and physical activity using Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescent (PAQ-A). Spearman test was used to evaluate the correlation between variables.Results: There were significant positive correlations among anthropometric indices. There was a positive correlation between PMS with BF%, WHR, and WHtR, however no correlation was found with BMI-for-age. PMS was inversely correlated with physical activity level.Conclusion: Anthropometric indices as predictor of obesity such as BF%, WHR, and WHtR was positively correlated with PMS while physical activity was negatively correlated with PMS. These findings suggest that changes toward healthy lifestyle, such as having regular physical activity and maintain a normal range of body composition and nutritional status are important to alleviate PMS symptoms in female adolescents.Keywords: Adolescent; anthropometric indices; body fat; physical activity; premenstrual syndrome

Effect of leunca (Solanum nigrum) on inflammatory status in rats induced by high-fat and high-sucrose diet Gunawan, Sekar Ayu Putri; Muis, Siti Fatimah; Anjani, Gemala; Noer, Etika Ratna; Ayustaningwarno, Fitriyono
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 13, No 2 (2025): June
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.13.2.99-104

Background: Consumption of foods that are high in calories over a long period of time is a cause of obesity and can increase proinflammatory cytokines. Leunca fruit contains various phytochemicals that act as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiobesity but not many people utilize leunca fruit as daily food.Objective: To analyze the effect of leunca fruit on TNF-α and IL-6 levels in rats induced by high fat and sucrose diet (HFSD).Methods: The research design was Randomized Post Test Only Control Group Design. The sample was 30 male Sparague Dawley rats and divided into 5 groups, namely group K1 which was given standard feed, group K2 which was induced by HFSD, group P1 which was induced by HFSD and leunca 0.8g/200gBW, group P2 which was induced by HFSD and leunca 1.6g/200gBW, and group P3 which was induced by HFSD and leunca 2.4g/200gBW. The research was conducted at the Nutrition Laboratory of the Center for Food and Nutrition Studies of Gadjah Mada University (PSPG PAU UGM) Yogyakarta in January-March 2024. Testing TNF-α and IL-6 levels through rat blood serum using the ELISA method. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Post Hoc test.Results: There was a significant difference in TNF-α and IL-6 levels between experimental groups (p=0.00). The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the P1, P2, and P3 groups that received HFSD + leunca were lower than in the K2 group that received HFSD only.Conclusion: Leunca fruit can reduce proinflammatory cytokine levels (TNF-α and IL-6) in HFSD-induced rats.

Improving nutrition knowledge and nutrient intake through nutrition education for post-stroke survivors and their families Faza, Farah; Lestari, Lily Arsanti; Setyopranoto, Ismail; Susetyowati, Susetyowati
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 13, No 1 (2024): December
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.13.1.42-51

Background: Malnutrition among post-stroke survivors is 14-52%. Nutrition knowledge reinforcement will be beneficial for the survivors and family/caregivers to maintain their nutritional status and improve quality of life.Objectives: To examine the improvement of nutrition knowledge about nutrition management for post-stroke survivors, family, and caregivers as well as the improvement of nutrient intake and nutritional status among post-stroke survivors.Materials and Methods: This study used pre-experimental design and was conducted in Embung Tambak Boyo, Sleman District during August 2018. The subjects were post-stroke survivors, being members of Happy Embung, and signing the informed consent. Total subjects were 27 post stroke survivors with 27 family/caregivers of them. This study consisted of a series of activities, as follows: pre-test and baseline assessment, i.e., anthropometry, blood pressure, physical function, and dietary were measured in the 1st week, a series of nutrition education in the 2nd and 3rd week, post-test and endline assessment in the 4th week. The paired sample T-test was employed to compare the differences between baseline data collected during the first week of intervention, and endline data, gathered in the final week of intervention.Results: Most participants were male (89%) and aged 60 or older (82%). After two series of nutrition education, there were notable increases in nutritional knowledge score of the survivor and family/caregivers, body weight, BMI, HGS, and energy intake of the survivor (baseline vs. endline, mean ± SE: 6.5±0.6 vs. 7.0±0.6; 8.8±0.3 vs. 9.3±0.3; 67.8±1.9 vs. 68.6±1.9; 29.5±0.8 vs. 29.8±0.7; 26.1±2.0 vs. 26.8±2.0; and 1334.5±75.7 vs. 1389.1±95.0, all p<0.05). However, there was no significant improvement on MUAC, body fat total, protein, fat, and carbohydrate intake among the survivors.Conclusion: Nutrition education might enforce nutrition knowledge of post-stroke survivors and family/caregivers, as well as nutritional status improvement among the survivors.Keywords: Nutrition education; nutrient intake; nutrition status; post-stroke survivors

Nutrition transition and the risk of over-nutrition among female adolescents in Indonesia: analysis of Indonesian family life survey data 2007 and 2014 Mulyaningsih, Tri; Shabrina, Amalina; Purwaningsih, Yunastiti; Sasanti, Ika Alicia
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 13, No 1 (2024): December
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.13.1.1-8

Background: Global changes and urbanisation cause nutrition transition which holds a crucial factor to nutritional status. Nutrition transition manifests in increased access to unhealthy and highly processed food, as well as reduced physical activity that may lead to over-nutrition.Objectives: This study aimed to measure the proportions of food consumption expenditure by food groups, identify nutrition transition by comparing the proportions of food expenditure namely modern, traditional, plant-based, meat-based, ready to eat and processed foods, and investigate association between nutrition transition and nutritional status of female adolescents in Indonesia.Materials and Methods: This study used secondary data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey 4 (2007) and 5 (2014) that collected data on individual food consumption in the past week. Nutrition transition was measured by comparing proportions of food expenditure to estimate consumption. Height, weight, and age were calculated into Body Mass Index-for-age (BMI-for-age) to identify nutritional status. Data from 5,203 female adolescents aged 12-18 years were used. Multiple Logistic regression was performed to estimate the Odds Ratio (OR).Results: Compared to 2007, there was an increase in the proportion of food expenditure for modern food and ready-to-eat food in households. On the other hand, the proportion of traditional food, plant-based food, and processed food consumption decreased in 2014 compared to 2007. Plant-based is a protective factor for over-nutrition (OR = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.31-0.95). Meanwhile, ready to eat food was a risk factor for over-nutrition (OR = 1.56; 95% CI: 0.95-2.57).Conclusion: Plant-based is a protective factor; while ready-to-eat is a risk factor for over-nutrition among female adolescents.Keywords : Female adolescents;nutrition transition; over-nutrition; plant-based; ready to eat meal

Food handlers’ knowledge and practices and the relationship with appropriate sanitation hygiene scores in Malang City Aulia, Nurul; Budiningsari, Dwi; Lestari, Lily Arsanti
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 13, No 1 (2024): December
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.13.1.52-62

Background: Food hygiene and sanitation in catering services are affected by food handlers because they are the first to come in contact with food ingredients. This matter is essential to prevent food contamination. Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between food handlers’ knowledge and practices and appropriate sanitation hygiene scores in catering services in Malang City, East Java, Indonesia.Materials and Methods: Two hundred four food handlers and 24 catering services participated in this cross-sectional study. Knowledge data were collected through validated questionnaires filled out by subjects, and food handlers’ practices were obtained through observation with a checklist. Subjects who scored >70 were considered to have sufficient knowledge and practice. Good sanitation hygiene was collected through interviews and face-to-face observations and given a score to determine appropriate sanitation hygiene scores. c2 and Pearson correlation analyses were performed.Results: Subjects generally had sufficient knowledge (82.8%) but poor food handling practices (57.8%) because of less frequent and comprehensive training, and food handlers did not apply their knowledge in food processing. Only a quarter of catering services (6 of 24) were rated as having good sanitary hygiene. There was no relationship between food handlers’ knowledge and practices and appropriate sanitation hygiene scores in catering services (p = 0.925 and 0.2363, respectively).Conclusion: Food handlers generally have sufficient food safety knowledge but have poor practice categories, and sanitation hygiene scores are in the inappropriate category. There is no relationship between food handlers’ knowledge and practices and sanitation hygiene scores in catering services.Keywords: Knowledge; practice; food handlers; hygiene sanitation; catering services.

Differences in non-high density lipoprotein levels, blood pressure and waist circumference between normal-weight obesity, lean, and obese women Angriani, Winda; Desmawati, Desmawati; Elliyanti, Aisyah
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 13, No 1 (2024): December
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.13.1.9-15

Background: Normal Weight Obesity (NWO) is a condition characterized by an average Body Mass Index (BMI) with high body fat percentage (BFP≥30%), distinct from individuals with normal BMI and normal body fat (BFP <30%), known as Normal Weight Lean (NWL). NWO is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidemia, and central obesity. Objectives: Investigate differences in non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) levels, blood pressure, and waist circumference among respondents with NWO, NWL, and obesity.Materials and Methods: The research adopts an observational design with a cross-sectional approach. The respondents, 96 adult women aged 30-45 from Padang City, were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Measurements included BMI, body fat using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA), waist circumference, and blood pressure. Nutritional status determination was employed to differentiate between NWL, NWO, and obesity. Subsequently, blood samples were taken for non-HDL analysis. Analysis of customarily distributed data used one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Bonferroni, while non-normally distributed data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and post-hoc Mann-Whitney.Results: The study revealed that 20 women (20.8%) were classified as having NWO. The study results indicate a significant difference in non-HDL levels among NWL, NWO, and obesity (p-value = 0.015). There were differences in non-HDL levels between NWO and NWL women, as well as between NWL women and those with obesity. Blood pressure analysis showed no significant difference in blood pressure among NWO, NWL, and obesity. There was a difference in waist circumference, with a significant difference between NWL and obesity (p-value <0.05) and NWO and obesity (p-value <0.05). However, there was no significant difference between NWO and NWL (p-value = 1.00).Conclusion: There were differences in non-HDL levels and waist circumference among NWO, NWL, and obese women, but no significant difference in blood pressure was observed among the three groups.Keywords: Normal weight obesity; non-HDL; blood pressure; Waist circumference

Beyond the plate: How socio-culture and economics drive sustainable diets globally Baliwati, Yayuk Farida; Rusyda, Akifa Laila
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 13, No 1 (2024): December
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.13.1.63-78

Background: Sustainable diets play a powerful catalyst in unlocking and scaling health and climate solutions. Many studies on the diets focus only on health and environmental concerns, but barely consider related socio-cultural and economic determinants.Objective: The present systematic review provides an overview of socio-cultural and economic determinants on sustainable diets across income countries.Methods: Electronic databases, including MDPI, PubMed, Science Direct, and The Lancet Planetary, were performed. The systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA principles. Human studies among all population groups in income countries were included, and require at least one socio-cultural and economic determinant on sustainable diet. The search focused on studies that were peer-reviewed and published in English between 2010 and 2024. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale and its modified version were used to assess the methodological quality (risk of bias).Results: Forty-two of the 2,443 articles identified attained the inclusion criteria. Almost all included studies were cross-sectional (n=39; 92.8%) and 3 cohort studies. The publications covered 56 country-based study settings, five of which were conducted as multi-site studies. Most studies focused on high-income countries, mostly in Europe, Central Asia, and North America. All included studies found 15 socio-cultural and economic determinants; 10 studies of socio-cultural determinants and 5 studies of economic determinants on sustainable diets. The systematic review found that socio-cultural and economic determinants on sustainable diets were divided into external drivers (ethnicity, gender, cultural belief, spiritual belief, geographical settings, political ideology, and food price) and personal drivers (educational level, nutritional knowledge, marital status, household size, income level, occupation, food expenditure, and household food security status).Conclusion: Addressing the social, cultural, and economic determinants is prerequisite for transforming more-sustainable diets. Food sustainability and food and nutrition security are aligned at the individual and household level. Comprehensive strategies targeting multiple levels, and multiple settings are required to enhance dietary changes on sustainable diets.Keywords: Determinant; economic; food choice; socio-culture; sustainable diets

Smart solutions for overcoming anemia emergencies in young girls using Tricky Card Games Education Methods and Smartphone Monitoring Alert Systems Ningtyias, Farida Wahyu; Aryatika, Karera; Irmayanti, Selvi
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 13, No 1 (2024): December
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.13.1.16-24

Background: The government has made efforts in the prevention and management of anemia through the distribution of Iron Supplementation Tablets (IST) in schools. One of the problems facing by the government and schools is lack of periodic measurement of hemoglobin levels. Furthermore, there was no socialization source of iron comes from foods by schools.Materials and Methods : The aimed of this study is to increase adolescent knowledge about foods source of iron and also to monev government IST among adolescent. This research is a quasy experimental with a one group pretest-posttest design. Experimental study conducted at MTSN X Jember with a total of 30 female adolescent respondents who fused into one intervention group. Supplementation of IST (1 tablet per week) was provided for 8 weeks (November-December 2021). Improving knowledge among adolescent was measured using Tricky Card Games and pre-posttest questionnaires. Hemoglobin levels were measured before and after the intervention, and monitoring and education were conducted as reminders for taking the tablets through the Monev IST application and a WhatsApp Group. Monitoring and evaluation of adolescent’s adherence for IST consumption using Monev Tablet Tambah Darah application which can download by each adolescent smartphone and also connected with supervisor.Results: The results showed an increase in hemoglobin levels after the treatment, with pre-treatment levels ranging from 9.1 g/dL to 16 g/dL, and an average of 13.53 g/dL, while post-treatment levels ranged from 8.1 g/dL to 17.2 g/dL, with an average of 13.67 g/dL. There was a significant increase in knowledge of foods source iron among adolescent (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in hemoglobin levels (p > 0.05) or consumption patterns (p > 0.05) after the intervention through the tricky card game.Conclusion: Giving IST regularly can increase Hb levels supported by improving knowledge and consumption patterns can be a solution to handling anemia in adolescent girls.Keywords : Anemia; counseling; level of knowledge; consumption patterns; young women

Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on serum 25 (OH)D Levels, hand grip strength, blood sugar levels, and cognitive function in the elderly Probosari, Enny; Subagio, Hertanto Wahyu; Winarni, Tri Indah; Nugroho, Heri; Manikam, Nurul Ratna Mutu
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 13, No 1 (2024): December
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.13.1.79-87

ABSTRACTBackground: The aging process in the elderly can be caused by a decrease in vitamin D precursors and reduced Vitamin D levels due to impaired absorption of Vitamin D. Vitamin D plays a role in cognitive function, acts as an immunomodulator affecting blood glucose levels, promotes muscle atrophy, and affects the intranuclear VDR concentration and gene expression of VDR.Objectives: To determine the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on Serum 25(OH)D levels, hand grip strength, blood sugar levels, and cognitive function in the elderly.Materials and Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental pre-posttest control group design with a total of 60 subjects included and divided into two groups. The treatment group received vitamin D3 at a dosage of 1000 IU/day for three months, while the control group was given a placebo. Blood serum levels were used to obtained serum 25(OH)D and blood sugar level. Hand grip strength values were measured by a hand grip dynamometer, and cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) Questionnaire. The data was analyzed using the Wilcoxon test, and the bivariate analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test.Results: Most subjects were between 60 and 92 years old and had a vitamin D deficiency. Significant (P<0,05) differences were observed in serum 25(OH)D levels, blood sugar levels, and cognitive function following the intervention. The differences in serum 25(OH)D levels were 8,50±6,17, blood sugar levels were -21,68±25,88, and cognitive function was 2,23±3,05. Additionally, hand grip strength increased after the intervention (mean=0,42±4,66) but was not statistically significant (P=0,633).Conclusion: There is an improvement in cognitive function and a decrease in blood glucose levels, along with an increase in 25(OH)D levels after three months of vitamin D supplementation. However, hand grip strength did not significantly increase after supplementation.Keywords: Vitamin D3 Supplementation; serum 25(OH)D; hand grip strength; blood sugar level; cognitive function; elderly.

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