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Kurios
Published by Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Pelita Bangsa Jakarta
ISSN : 2615739X     EISSN : 26143135     DOI : -
Core Subject : Humanities, Education, Art, Social,
Arts Humanities Education Social Sciences Other
KURIOS (Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen) merupakan wadah publikasi hasil penelitian teologi dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen dengan nomor ISSN: 2614-3135 (online), ISSN: 2406-8306 (print), yang diterbitkan oleh Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Pelita Bangsa Jakarta.
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Articles 440 Documents
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The theological doctrine of metaphysical anthropology through the view of ‘the dream society’ for the Balinese Ngaben death ritual Daniel Fajar Panuntun; Sumiati Putri Natalia; Hengki Pindan Pute
KURIOS Vol. 12 No. 2: August 2026
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Pelita Bangsa, Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30995/kur.v12i2.1033

Abstract

What Christian perspective can support preserving Balinese traditional practices related to honoring the deceased? This paper integrates the metaphysical anthropology of the sleeping soul with Rolf Jensen's view of ‘the dream society’ to examine the traditional ritual of Ngaben. The study revealed that the narratives within the Ngaben ceremonial tradition are of utmost importance and should be safeguarded. The narratives, affective experiences, and emotional states discussed are integral components of the communal fabric within which the Balinese populace resides. Christianity, through the theological doctrine of metaphysical anthropology of the sleeping soul, can help accommodate these narratives.  
Not here, but ahead: The proagein motif in the Gospel of Mark as the virtue of “faith that follows after” for Christian religious education Sokhiziduhu Ndruru; Herman Poroe; Ramses Sianturi; Rorogo Zalukhu
KURIOS Vol. 12 No. 2: August 2026
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Pelita Bangsa, Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30995/kur.v12i2.1118

Abstract

The term “empty tomb” has become standard vocabulary in Christian religious education, although the New Testament never predicates κενός of Jesus’ tomb. This article traces where the predicate of emptiness is actually lodged and finds that Paul attaches it to proclamation and to faith (1 Cor 15:14), so that emptiness migrates from space to act and relation. What remains at the mouth of the tomb is not an adjective but a verb of motion, προάγει. Employing narrative criticism and lexical motif analysis, the study maps the five occurrences of προάγω in Mark (6:45; 10:32; 11:9; 14:28; 16:7) and identifies two structures: the reversal of the position of going ahead, from human beings to Christ, and an inclusio of fear linking 10:32 with 16:8. From this motif a formative virtue is constructed, “faith that follows after,” the disposition to set out because Christ has already set out, with a negative boundary drawn from 2 John 9. The virtue requires reconstructing Christian religious education at three points: locus, teacher authority, and telos with its assessment.
Building character based on cognitive skills: The chiastic structure of Proverbs 31:26 Aska Aprilano Pattinaja; Victor Pattianakotta; Farel Yosua Sualang
KURIOS Vol. 12 No. 2: August 2026
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Pelita Bangsa, Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30995/kur.v12i2.1159

Abstract

Proverbs 31:26 is part of the acrostic poem describing the 'ēšet ḥayil (woman of noble character) and employs a chiastic pattern (A–B–B'–A'). Although this verse has been widely studied from the perspectives of the wise woman, gender, and character formation, limited attention has been given to the rhetorical function of its chiastic structure as a basis for interpretation. This study analyzes the chiastic structure of Proverbs 31:26 and places it in dialogue with the psychological concept of cognitive ability. This qualitative research uses a wisdom-literature hermeneutical approach and employs literal, lexical, and structural analyses of the text. The findings demonstrate that the chiastic structure positions ḥokmâ (wisdom) and tôrath-ḥesed (instruction grounded in steadfast love) as the semantic center of the verse. Three principal implications emerge from this analysis: (1) wisdom reflects the reasoning process that precedes speech; (2) the integration of ḥokmâ and ḥesed indicates that effective communication combines sound reasoning with ethical orientation; and (3) wise communication serves a pedagogical function by transmitting moral values within the community. This study argues that cognitive ability should not be understood as equivalent to biblical wisdom but rather as a dialogical framework for explaining how wisdom is expressed through reasoning and communication within the wisdom tradition.
Attention as ascesis: Digital acedia and the formation of attention in Christian religious education in the era of deep learning policy Mieke Nova Sendow; Alfons Renaldo Tampenawas; Evi Stans Evlin Tumiwa
KURIOS Vol. 12 No. 2: August 2026
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Pelita Bangsa, Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30995/kur.v12i2.1186

Abstract

Indonesia’s deep learning policy, enacted through Regulation of the Minister of Primary and Secondary Education 13 of 2025, requires mindful, meaningful, and joyful learning, yet supplies no anthropology explaining why human beings are able—or fail—to become deep. This article argues that attention is the precondition for depth, and that the erosion of attention in the classroom is not a disciplinary problem but a formative one, named by the early Christian tradition as acedia. Using constructive practical theology structured by Osmer’s four tasks, the study describes the digital ecology of attention, interprets it through Evagrius Ponticus, John Cassian, and Thomas Aquinas, constructs a norm of attention as ascesis through Simone Weil, and formulates a pedagogy of attention for Christian religious education. It concludes that Christian religious education can supply the anthropological content the word “deep” currently lacks in national policy: depth is not merely integrated conceptual mastery but the relational capacity to remain, to wait, and to love.
One iron, two economies: Isaiah 2:1–5, ecological conversion and Indonesia’s agrarian conflict Rivay Bobby Palempung; Ferry Sonny Nixon Lumintang
KURIOS Vol. 12 No. 2: August 2026
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Pelita Bangsa, Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30995/kur.v12i2.1191

Abstract

Agrarian conflict in Indonesia escalated sharply through 2025, with cases involving the military sector rising by three hundred percent, while the state’s framework of Religious Moderation, consolidated through Presidential Regulation No. 58 of 2023, continued to measure communal harmony exclusively as a relation between religious communities. Land, and the violence exercised over it, remained outside all of its indicators. Research on Isaiah 2:1–5 has clustered around three concerns—textual criticism and its relation to Micah 4:1–5, eschatological-theological readings, and political readings of militarism—none of which has adequately developed the material-ecological dimension of weapons transforming into farming implements. This study analyzes Isaiah 2:1–5 as a text of material-ecological conversion and argues for its relevance for a critique of the ecological deficit of Religious Moderation in Indonesia. It employs a qualitative method with socio-historical, exegetical, ecological-hermeneutical, and contextual-theological approaches. The reading finds that swords and plowshares share one metallurgy, one forge, and one biomass base, so that Isaiah 2:4 describes a reallocation of scarce resources rather than a cessation of hostilities, while Joel 4:10 reverses the same formula. The implication is that ecological conversion—at once spiritual turning, material refashioning, and defense conversion—exposes the limits of a moderation securing negative peace alone. The novelty of this study lies in constructing a relation between religious communities and land that extends Religious Moderation from peace between communities toward ecological peace, proposing land as a third party to interreligious relations.
Daniel in digital Babylon: A spirituality of resistance and the identity integrity of God’s people in the ecosystem of surveillance capitalism through theological reading of Daniel 1 and 6 Ayub Pangga Lewu; Jonsa Manullang
KURIOS Vol. 12 No. 2: August 2026
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Pelita Bangsa, Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30995/kur.v12i2.1205

Abstract

Church communities today inhabit a digital ecosystem governed by surveillance capitalism, in which human attention is harvested and identity is algorithmically formed; a condition this article names “digital Babylon.” This study constructs a spirituality of resistance and a theology of identity integrity for God’s people in that ecosystem through a theological reading of Daniel 1 and 6. Employing qualitative library research that integrates narrative exegesis with constructive theology, the article reads Daniel’s refusal of the royal diet and his disciplined practice of prayer before an open window as paradigms of boundary-keeping and counter-formation at the heart of empire. The findings propose a model of “Babylonian literacy without Babylonian identity”: God’s people may master the language, knowledge, and platforms of the digital empire while sustaining nonnegotiable disciplines of identity rooted in worship. The article contributes an Old Testament foundation for digital ecclesiology and offers churches, especially in Indonesia, a doctrinally grounded framework for resilient discipleship within, rather than withdrawal from, digital culture.      
Kasih Karunia sebagai Basis Solidaritas Ekonomi Jemaat: Analisis Retoris-Pragmatis 2 Korintus 8:1–15 dan Evaluasi Praksis GBIS Rote Ndao Mersi Langga
KURIOS Vol. 12 No. 1: April 2026
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Pelita Bangsa, Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30995/kur.v12i1.1394

Abstract

Structural poverty in Rote Ndao, East Nusa Tenggara, places the church in a strategic position as an agent of social transformation and a theological community living within the tension between ideals and praxis. This study examines 2 Corinthians 8:1–15 through a hermeneutical-pragmatic approach that integrates rhetorical analysis of the text with an empirical evaluation of the economic practices of Gereja Bethel Injil Sepenuh (GBIS) Rote Ndao. The rhetorical analysis covers the entire pericope unit, from the example of the Macedonian churches, the Christological basis of giving in verse 9, the principles of willingness and proportionality in verses 10–12, to the concept of equality in verses 13–15. Findings indicate that the economic practices of GBIS Rote Ndao manifest in three patterns: gotong royong-based solidarity as an expression of charis, participatory distribution as a movement toward isotēs, and empowerment initiatives through collaboration and training. Nevertheless, the tension between theological ideals and program sustainability remains a challenge requiring ongoing evaluation and institutional strengthening.   Abstrak Kemiskinan struktural di Rote Ndao, Nusa Tenggara Timur, menempatkan gereja pada posisi strategis sebagai agen transformasi sosial sekaligus komunitas teologis yang hidup dalam ketegangan antara ideal dan praktik. Penelitian ini mengkaji 2 Korintus 8:1–15 melalui pendekatan hermeneutik-pragmatis yang mengintegrasikan analisis retoris teks dengan evaluasi empiris terhadap praktik ekonomi Gereja Bethel Injil Sepenuh (GBIS) di Rote Ndao. Analisis retoris mencakup keseluruhan unit perikop, mulai dari teladan jemaat Makedonia, dasar kristologis pemberian dalam ayat 9, prinsip kerelaan dan proporsionalitas dalam ayat 10–12, hingga konsep keseimbangan dalam ayat 13–15. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa praktik ekonomi GBIS Rote Ndao termanifestasi dalam tiga pola: solidaritas berbasis gotong royong sebagai ekspresi charis, distribusi partisipatif sebagai upaya menuju isotēs, serta inisiatif pemberdayaan melalui kolaborasi dan pelatihan. Namun, ketegangan antara konstruksi teologis dan keberlanjutan program tetap menjadi tantangan yang menuntut evaluasi dan penguatan kelembagaan secara berkelanjutan.
Restorasi di tepi danau: Yohanes 21:15–19 sebagai paradigma pemulihan moral bagi jiwa yang terluka Parulian Hutasoit; Abraham Johannis; Sudiharjono Simanungkalit
KURIOS Vol. 10 No. 3: Desember 2024
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Pelita Bangsa, Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30995/kur.v10i2.1040

Abstract

Pastoral counseling in Indonesia typically operates with two categories: sin requiring forgiveness and trauma requiring psychological recovery. This article argues that a third and largely unaddressed category exists, namely moral injury, the rupture of moral identity caused by perpetrating, failing to prevent, or witnessing acts that transgress deeply held moral convictions. Through a narrative-critical reading of John 21:15–19, placed in critical correlation with moral injury literature and elaborated dogmatically, the article proposes Peter's restoration as a paradigm of moral repair. The analysis yields four restorative movements: reconstructing the site of injury through the charcoal fire; questioning that repeats rather than interrogates; recommissioning as the restoration of moral identity; and renewed discipleship within community. Dogmatically, the article distinguishes culpa, which calls for absolution, from vulnus morale, which calls for restoration, while resisting both cheap grace and the medicalization of moral failure. The article draws implications for pastoral practice, liturgy, and theological education in Indonesia.   Abstrak Konseling pastoral di Indonesia umumnya bekerja dengan dua kategori: dosa yang menuntut pengampunan dan trauma yang menuntut pemulihan psikologis. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa terdapat kategori ketiga yang belum tergarap, yaitu luka moral, yakni keretakan identitas moral akibat melakukan, gagal mencegah, atau menyaksikan tindakan yang melanggar keyakinan moral yang dipegang teguh. Melalui kritik naratif atas Yohanes 21:15–19 yang dikorelasikan secara kritis dengan literatur luka moral dan dielaborasi secara dogmatis, artikel ini mengusulkan restorasi Petrus sebagai paradigma pemulihan moral. Analisis menghasilkan empat gerak restoratif: rekonstruksi tempat luka melalui api arang, pertanyaan yang mengulang alih-alih menginterogasi, penugasan ulang sebagai pemulihan identitas moral, dan pengikutan yang diperbarui dalam komunitas. Secara dogmatis, artikel ini membedakan culpa yang menuntut absolusi dari vulnus morale yang menuntut restorasi, sambil menolak baik pemurahan anugerah maupun medikalisasi kegagalan moral. Implikasinya dirumuskan untuk praktik pendampingan, liturgi, dan pendidikan teologi di Indonesia.
From shema to shomea: Tracing a theology of listening as a foundation for Christian value education among the digital generation Andri Budiman
KURIOS Vol. 12 No. 2: August 2026
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Pelita Bangsa, Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30995/kur.v12i2.1291

Abstract

Generation Z and Generation Alpha are formed within a digital ecosystem that structurally trains distraction rather than listening, a crisis addressed far more often through psychology or technology criticism than through theology. Scholarship in Christian religious education (PAK) in Indonesia typically invokes Scripture as a general source of values rather than excavating it philologically as a theological locus in its own right. This article constructs a text-grounded theology of listening by tracing the Hebrew root shama from the Shema Yisrael command (Deu. 6:4–9) to Solomon's request for a lev shomea, “a hearing heart” (1 Kgs 3:9), asking how this theology is constructed and how it can be transformed into a pedagogical framework for Christian value education among Generation Z and Alpha. Using a library-based, exegetical-intertextual method, the study analyzes six canonical texts sharing the shama root or its conceptual resonance through a text–theme–value–indicator procedure. The study finds a coherent, obedience-oriented theology of listening, translated into four educational virtues—patience, relational humility, discernment, and responsive obedience—and four correspondingly designed pedagogical practices that directly counteract digital distraction.
Bӧlibӧli as a model of consolation in the study of archipelagic community identity and Christian traditions of consolation, philosophy, and the culture of Hulo Batu, Indonesia Oinike Natalia Harefa; Digna Victoria Manaö
KURIOS Vol. 12 No. 2: August 2026
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Pelita Bangsa, Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30995/kur.v12i2.1365

Abstract

This article explores the böliböli of Hulo Batu as a model of Christian consolation distinctive to Indonesia’s archipelagic context, analyzing it through the lenses of Christian and philosophical traditions of consolation. To this purpose, the author employs a qualitative method involving a literature review of Aholiab Watloly’s concept of the archipelagic self; Boethius’s philosophical theology of consolation; and Christian traditions found in the narratives of Job and the Psalms. The study also uses Christoph Jedan’s contemporary model of the theology of consolation to enrich the construction of the Hulo Batu-specific theology of consolation. The study reveals that böliböli embodies a four-axis function of consolation that aligns with Christian, philosophical, and local Hulo Batu cultural traditions. This article matters because it addresses tensions among cultural traditions, philosophy, and Christianity within the community. The research suggests valuing community identity and celebrating the diversity of consolation traditions in Indonesia.

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