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Indonesian Journal of Medicine

theijmed
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Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret

ISSN : - EISSN : 25490265 DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

Indonesian Journal of Medicine (IJM) is an international, open-access, and double-blind peer-reviewed journal, focusing on the intersection of biomedical science, clinical medicine, and community medicine. The journal began its publication on August 20, 2015, and is published online three times yearly. It is academically designed for all physicians, health researchers, and health care professionals, regardless of their medical specialties, or type of employment.

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Articles 273 Documents

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Meta-Analysis Correlation between Dementia and the Risk of Mortality in COVID-19 Patients Atin, Ulya Khoirunnisaâ€™; Murti, Bhisma; Prasetya, Hanung
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 7 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

Background: Dementia is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly population. The elderly have a higher risk when exposed to COVID-19, especially if they have serious medical conditions such as dementia (senility). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dementia on the risk of mortality in COVID-19 patients based on previous primary studies.Subject and Method: This research is a systematic review and meta-analysis study using PRISMA diagrams. The article search was conducted based on the eligibility criteria using the PICO Model. P: COVID-19 patients, I: dementia, C: no dementia, O: mortality. The articles used were from 3 databases, namely Pubmed, Google Scholar and Science Direct. The search keywords for articles were as follows: dementia AND (death OR Mortality) AND COVID-19 OR Sars-Cov-2. The inclusion criteria in this study include full text articles with cohort study designs, full text available articles, the size of the relationship used is the adjusted Odds Ratio or Risk Ratio, the year the article used is in the 2019-2022 range and the research outcome is mortality. Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application.Results: There are 9 articles in this study from New York, United States, Spain, Korea with 2 articles, and England with 4 articles. The article was analyzed using the PRISMA flow diagram. The results of the study show that COVID-19 patients with dementia have a mortality risk of 2.02 times greater than COVID-19 patients without dementia. These results were statistically significant (aOR= 2.19; 95% CI = 1.48 to 2.75; p<0.001).Conclusion: Dementia increases the risk of mortality from COVID-19Keywords: Dementia, mortality, COVID-19, SARS-COV-2Correspondence: Ulya Khoirunnisa’ Atin. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: ulyakhns9@gmail.com. Mobile: +62823259186864.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2022), 07(03): 251-261https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2022.07.03.01

Brixia Score as Predictor of D-Dimer Levels of COVID-19 Patients in Intensive Care Unit Adyanata, Yanuareza Totti; Soewondo, Widiastuti; Arifin, Arifin; Redhono, Dhani
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 8 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

Background: COVID-19 is caused by a novel virus that can cause lung abnormalities which can be measured with new chest x-ray scoring system named Brixia score. In COVID-19 patients, coagulation disorders are often found that can be seen through D-Dimer levels. This study aimed to prove the Brixia Score as a predictor of D-Dimer levels.Subjects and Method: This study was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional approach. The subjects were 94 COVID-19 patients which taken from ICU Melati 1 Dr. Moewardi General Hospital, Surakarta from March 2021 to August 2021 who met the exclusion and inclusion criteria. The independent variable is the Brixia score performed by radiologists and the dependent variable is D-Dimer levels taken from laboratory results. Sampling was obtained by purposive sampling and the data were investigated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results: 94 samples were obtained for analysis. The average Brixia Score of patients with D-Dimer <2 µg/mL was Mean= 15.85; SD= 1.43 and D-Dimer ≥2 µg/mL was Mean= 17.29; SD= 0.96. There was a significant difference between the Brixia Score of patients with D-Dimer <2 µg/mL and D-Dimer ≥2 µg/mL (p<0.001). Analysis with the ROC curve shows an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.793. The optimal cutoff value of the Brixia Score for predicting D-Dimer levels was 16.5 (sensitivity 77.9%, specificity 73.1%).Conclusion: Brixia Score proved to be a predictor of D-Dimer levels of COVID-19 patients in ICU care.Keywords: COVID-19, ICU, brixia score, predictor, D-Dimer.Correspondence: Widiastuti Soewondo, Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret. JL. Ir. Soetami No. 36A, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia. E-mail: widiastuti.sprad56@staff.uns.ac.id. Mobile: 082134368592Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2023), 08(01): 92-99https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2023.08.01.09

The Effectiveness of Electro-acupuncture in Reducing Body Weight in Obese Patients: A Meta-Analysis Mutiah, Nurmila; Murti, Bhisma; Prasetya, Hanung
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 6 No. 3 (2021)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

Background: Obesity is a problem that is starting to be found, not only in urban areas with high socioeconomic status but also in children living in rural areas, even from middle to lower socioeconomic groups. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of electro-acupuncture in obesity cases.Subjects and Method: Meta-analysis was carried out with PICO: The population in this study were obese patients aged 16-65. The intervention was in the form of electro-acupuncture therapy. Comparison in the form of sham/ placebo acupuncture. The outcome is weight loss. A meta-analysis study was applied with electronic data sources: Clinical Key, Google Scholar, MEDLINE/PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus. The articles included were full-text with a Randomized Control Trial (RCT) study design. There were 10 articles used in this study with a sample size of 818 people who were divided into two groups (455 people in the acupuncture group and 363 people in the sham/placebo acupuncture group). Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.4 application. The data were analyzed using Standardized Mean difference (SMD) and the heterogeneity of the research sample.Results: There was high heterogeneity between one experiment and another (I2= 86%; p<0.001), so the Random Effect Model (REM) was used. Electroacupuncture therapy was effective in reducing body weight with a Standardized Mean Different (SMD) of 0.50 compared to false acupuncture (SMD= -0.50; 95% CI= -0.92 to -0.08; p= 0.020).Conclusion: Acupuncture therapy can lose weight in obesity cases with a Standardized Mean Different (SMD) of 0.50 compared to fake acupuncture.Keywords: acupuncture, obesityCorrespondence: Nurmila Mutiah. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: nurmilamutiah77@gmail.com.Mobile: +6287730797747.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2021), 06(03): 325-335https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2021.06.03.10

Effect of Virgin Coconut Oil Administration to Increase HDL, Decrease LDL and IL-6 in Hypercholesterol Male Wistar Rats Maulidia, Meli; Wibowo, Joko Wahyu; Sumarawati, Titiek
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 7 No. 4 (2022)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

Background: Hypercholesterol is a change in blood lipid profile levels, from rising cholesterol levels that can be triggered by frequent consumption of fatty foods. Hypercholesterol causes adipose tissue and macrophages to release inflammatory cytokines, then adipose cells release IL-6 and spur the formation of CRP. This study aimed to determine the effect of Virgin coconut oil (VCO) on changes in HDL, LDL, and IL-6 levels in hyper cholesterol mice.Subjects and Method: This randomized controlled trial was carried out at the PSPG UGM Nutrition Laboratory in August 2021. The total number of samples used was 20 tails and 4 spare tails, namely 24 male Wistar strain rats. Sampling using simple random sampling. The independent variables in this study were the dose of VCO 0.9 ml/200g BW/day, and 0.45 ml/200g BW/day. The dependent variables in this study were HDL, LDL, and IL-6 cholesterol levels in male Wistar rats. The data in the analysis used a normality test with the Shapiro-Wilk test and a data homogeneity test with the Levane test. HDL dan LDL levels were measured using a lysis reagent, while IL-6 was measured using the ELISA method.Results: Average LDL and HDL levels are highest in the P1 group compared to the P2, K0, and K1 groups. The One Way Anova test on HDL levels showed a significant difference between groups with p<0.001. One Way Anova test results on LDL and IL-6 levels showed significant differences between the groups (p<0.001) and (p= 0.004).Conclusion: Administering VCO at a dose of 0.9 mL/ 200 g BB/day 0.45 mL/200 g BB/day, and 86.4 mg/200 g can increase HDL and IL-6 levels in male rats Wistar strain with hyper cholesterol and lowered LDL levels by the same dose in male mice with hyper cholesterol.Keywords: hyper cholesterol, HDL, LDL, IL-6Correspondence: Meli Maulidia, Magister Ilmu Biomedik, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung Semarang. Jl. Raya Kaligawe Km.04 Semarang 50112, Central Jawa, Indonesia. Email: maulidia.dr@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285740003464.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2022), 07(04): 471-478https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2022.07.04.12

Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Telemonitoring on Blood Sugar Levels and Quality of Life in Diabetes Patients Sholihah, Anisa Asri; Tamtomo, Didik Gunawan; Prasetya, Hanung
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 6 No. 3 (2021)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic disease, requires continuous monitoring and treatment to have a better quality of life. Telemonitoring is a medium that may help in monitoring patients with type 2 DM. This study aimed to analyze the effect of using telemonitoring on blood sugar levels and quality of life of patients with type 2 DM with a meta-analysis study.Subjects and Method: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis conducted with PRISMA flow diagram. The articles were collected through journal databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and ProQuest, published in 2000-2021. The keywords used were ("telemedicine" OR "tele-monitoring" OR "tele-monitoring") AND ("diabetes" OR "diabetes mellitus" OR "diabetes mellitus type 2") AND ("glucose level") AND ("quality of life"). The searching of articles used the PICO model. Population: people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, Intervention: telemonitoring, Comparison: not using telemonitoring, Outcome: blood sugar level and quality of life. Inclusion criteria were full-text articles with Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) study design, published in English, with the effect measure of Mean SD. Eligible articles were analyzed using Revman 5.3.Results: A meta-analysis of 11 primary studies on the use of telemonitoring of blood sugar level showed a decrease in blood sugar (HbA1c) levels in patients with type 2 diabetes by 0.20 times compared to not using telemonitoring (SMD= -0.20; 95% CI= -0.39 to -0.01; p= 0.040). A meta-analysis of 6 primary studies on the use of telemonitoring on quality of life showed an increase in quality of life in type 2 diabetes patients by 0.16 times compared to not using telemonitoring (SMD= -0.16; 95% CI= -0.29 to -0.03; p= 0.020).Conclusion: Telemonitoring can improve blood sugar levels and the quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes.Keywords: telemonitoring, type 2 diabetes mellitus, quality of life, meta-analysisCorrespondence: Anisa Asri Sholihah. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: anisaasri92@gmail.com. Mobile: 085740972908.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2021), 06(03): 246-257https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2021.06.03.02

The Effect of High Knowledge on Diabetes Type 2 and Strong Belief in Medicine with Non-Adherence of Anti Diabetic Medication: A Meta-Analysis Iswahyuni, Sri; Herbasuki, Herbasuki; Sunaryanti, Sri Sayekti Heni; Atmojo, Joko Tri; Rejo, Rejo; Widiyanto, Aris
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 7 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

Background: By 2045, the number of people with diabetes mellitus (DM) was expected to increase from 424.9 million in 2017. Healthcare professionals have had a difficult time managing diabetes because of nonadherence to therapy. Additionally, the efforts made to clarify and enhance patient adherence to their medication are not always successful. This study investigated the factors such as high knowledge on diabetes type 2 and strong belief in medicine that lead to medication non-adherence in adults.Subjects and Method: This article was a systematic review and meta-analysis study conducted by searching for articles from online databases such as EBSCO, ProQuest, and PubMed. Populations: adults with diabetes mellitus; Intervention: a strong belief in anti-diabetic medication and high knowledge of diabetes mellitus; Comparison: a weak belief or none in anti-diabetic medication and little knowledge of diabetes mellitus; Outcome: non-adherence of anti-diabetic medication. The independen variables is strong belief and high knowledge, the dependen variable is non-adherence to anti-diabetic medication. The inclusion criteria for this study were full articles using a cross-sectional study, with the publication year until 2022. We conduct the analysis using RevMan 5.3 software.Results: A total of 6 articles reviewed in the meta-analysis (consisted 4 articles in each variables), from countries: Ethiopia, Australia, Uganda, Iran, Palestine and China, showed that respondents with strong belief in anti-diabetic medicines (aOR= 0.66; 95% CI= 0.48 to 0.90; p= 0.008) and high knowledge of diabetes mellitus (aOR= 0.85; 95% CI= 0.79 to 0.93; p= 0.0005) had lower level of non-adherence to anti-diabetic medication.Conclusion: A strong belief in anti-diabetic medicines and high knowledge of diabetes mellitus can lower non-adherence to anti-diabetic medication.Keywords: diabetes mellitus type 2, medication adherence, predictorsCorrespondence: Sri Iswahyuni. Study Program of Nursing, School of Health Sciences Mamba’ul ‘Ulum Surakarta. Jl. Ring Road 03, Surakarta 57127, Jawa Tengah. Email: iswahyunisri@yahoo.co.id. Mobile: +62 815-6720-715.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2022), 07(02): 150-160https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2022.07.02.04

Relationship between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Quality of Life in the Elderly Qomariyah, Qomariyah; Rahman, Farid
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 7 No. 4 (2022)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

Background: The aging process occurs so fast, therefore the quality of life of the elderly needs to be very concerned. Cardiorespiratory fitness is one of the predictor factors to improve the quality of life in the elderly. The study aims to find out whether there is a relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and the quality of life of the elderly.Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Dukuh Pepe, Kwarasan, Juwiring, Klaten, Central Java. A sample of 31 elderly (aged 50-70 years) was selected using the purposive sampling method. The dependent variable was quality of life. The independent variable was cardiorespiratory fitness. Quality of life was measured by Ina's whoqol-breff questionnaire. Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured by a six-minute walking test. The data were analyzed with the spearman correlation test and the simple linear regression test.Results: Cardiorespiratory fitness improved the quality of life in the elderly in the physical health domain (OR= 44.55; 95% CI= 20.49 to 68.62), psychological domain (OR= 51. 14; 95% CI= 26.10 to 76.19), personal relationship domain, (OR= 76.94; 95% CI= 52.57 to 101.30), environmental domain (OR= 78.92; 95% CI= 49.51 to 108.33) although it was statistically insignificant.Conclusion: There was no relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and the quality of life of the elderly in rural areas in the aspects of the physical health domain, the psychological domain, the personal relationship domain, and the environmental domain.Keywords: cardiorespiratory fitness, quality of life, elderly, six-minute walking test, whoqol-breff.Correspondence: Farid Rahman. Physiotherapy Study Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Jl. Ahmad Yani, Pabelan, Kartasura, Surakarta, Central Java 57162, Indonesia. Email: Fr280@ums.ac.id. Mobile: 085223333141.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2022), 07(04): 371-378https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2022.07.04.02

Meta Analysis the Effect of Cadmium Exposure on Chronic Renal Filure in Adults Zahra, Fathia Mutiara; Rahardjo, Setyo Sri; Murti, Bhisma
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 7 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

Background: Heavy metals, such as cadmium, are heavy metals that are hazardous to health. Chronic exposure to cadmium is associated with decreased glomerular filtration rate and increased risk of chronic renal failure. This study was conducted to determine how much influence cadmium exposure has on the incidence of chronic kidney failure in adults. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of cadmium exposure on the incidence of chronic kidney failure in adults.Subject and Method: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis using the PRISMA flowchart with PICO as follows, Population: Adults. Intervention: Exposure to Cadmium. Comparison: No Cadmium Exposure. Outcome: Chronic Renal Failure. Search articles using several databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct with the search keywords “adults” AND “cadmium exposure” AND “chronic kidney failure”. The articles submitted ranged from 2013 to 2021. Analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 as a statistical program.Results: There are 11 articles, originating from the continents of Asia and Europe. The results of the meta-analysis showed that exposure to cadmium increased the risk of developing chronic renal failure in adults by 2.81 times compared with adults who were not exposed to cadmium and was statistically significant (aOR = 2.81; 95% CI = 1.74 to 4.51; p < 0.001).Conclusion: Cadmium exposure may increase the risk of chronic kidney failure in adults.Keywords: cadmium, chronic renal failure, adultsCorrespondence: Fathia Mutiara Zahra. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: efemzahra31@student.uns.ac.id. Mobile: +62 815-6798-7661.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2022), 07(01): 61-72https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2022.07.01.07

Bilateral Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformation in Female Patient Based on Computed Tomography Imaging: A Rare Case Report Sutrisno, Sony
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 6 No. 4 (2021)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

Background: Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) is an extremely rare vascular anomaly due to a direct connection between the pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein, potentially causing irreversible damages to the systemic circulation. This condition requires a prompt diagnostic approach to ensure early diagnosis and treatment.Case Report: A 53-year-old Indonesian female was referred to our department with unexplained dyspnoea and cyanosis. Physical examination revealed low oxygen saturation and remarkable finding on pulmonary auscultation. Further investigation revealed the findings suggesting PAVM based on contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography (CT) scan, with multiple nidus on bilateral lungs with feeder arteries from the pulmonary artery and draining veins in the pulmonary vein. Hence, this case emphasizes the rare finding of a female PAVMs patient with bilateral PAVMs.Conclusion: CT scan is a reliable and effective imaging approach to establish the diagnosis of PAVMs. This modality should be first considered to visualize PAVMs lesions, particularly in adult patients with unexplained dyspnoea and cyanosis.Keywords: arteriovenous malformations, CT scan, rare case, embolizationCorrespondence: Sony Sutrisno. Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Krida Wacana Christian University, Jakarta, Indonesia. Email: sonysutrisnodr@gmail.com. Mobile: +62-8128-9290-414. Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2021), 06(04): 393-398https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2021.06.04.05

Correlation of Brixia Score Changes with Length of Stay in Patient with COVID-19 Sutedjo, Verawati; Soewondo, Widiastuti; Erawati, Dini Rachma
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 7 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

Background: The increase in Covid-19 cases in Indonesia as well as the hospital length of stay is unpredictable. The degree of lung damage in Covid-19 largely determines the severity of the disease, a serial chest X-ray using Brixia score can be used to assess changes in pulmonary parenchymal damage and could predict the length of hospitalization. This study aims to analyze the correlation of Brixia score with the length of hospitalization in Covid-19 patients.Subjects and Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Sumber Waras Hospital from November 2021 until January 2022. The samples are Covid-19 confirmed patients who were treated at Sumber Waras hospital. Independent variable is Brixia score and dependent variable is length of hospitalization. Brixia's score assessment from two serial chest X-rays was divided into 4 categories: low to low, low to high, high to low, and high to high. All the categories were analyzed using Kruskall-Wallis method then continued with Mann-Whitney U test. The multivariate variable was analyzed using linear regression.Results: There are 190 samples, the median score of Brixia at the beginning of treatment is 4 (range 0-18), and the median score of Brixia on serial examination is 6 (range 0-18). Patients in low to low category had median 10 days length of hospitalization, low to high category and high to low category had median 11 days, and high to high category had median 8 days. There was no statistically significant correlation between Brixia score and length of hospitalization (p= 0.377).Conclusion: There is no significant relationship between the median Brixia score changes with the length of hospitalization of covid-19 patients.Keywords: Covid-19, hospitalized, Brixia score changes, length of stayCorrespondence: Widiastuti Soewondo. Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. Mobile: +6282134368592. Email: widiastuti.sprad56@staff.uns.ac.id.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2022), 07(03): 262-268https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2022.07.03.02

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