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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Medicine
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : -     EISSN : 25490265     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Indonesian Journal of Medicine (IJM) is an international, open-access, and double-blind peer-reviewed journal, focusing on the intersection of biomedical science, clinical medicine, and community medicine. The journal began its publication on August 20, 2015, and is published online three times yearly. It is academically designed for all physicians, health researchers, and health care professionals, regardless of their medical specialties, or type of employment.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 407 Documents
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Factors Influencing Hyperuricemia: Evidence from Sukoharjo, Central Java, Indonesia Wulandari, Dewi
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol 4, No 4 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Hyperuricemia is an elevated serum uric acid level. It causes urate deposits in the joints, tendons, and other tissues as physiological prerequisites for gout. Hyperuricemia is also related to the existence and severity of several comorbidities, such as hypertension, cardio­vascular disease, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. The result of basic health research in 2018 showed that the prevalence of joint disease in Indonesia based on a doctor's diagnosis was 7.3%. The highest prevalence was in Aceh (13.3%). The lowest prevalence was in West Sulawesi (3.2%). This study aimed to examine factors associated with hyperuricemia.Subjects and Method: This was an analytical observational study with a case control design. The study was conducted in Sukoharjo, Central Java, from January to April, 2018. A sample of 90 study subjects was selected by consecutive sampling. The dependent variable was hyper­uricemia. The independent variables were age, sex, stress, purine-rich foods intake, and family history of gout. Stress was measured by depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS 42). The other variables were collected by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by a multiple logistic regression.Results: Older age (OR= 13.80; 95% CI= 3.36 to 56.66; p<0.001), female (OR= 1.94; 95% CI= 3.36 to 7.62; p= 0.345), purine-rich foods intake (OR= 5.01; 95% CI= 1.48 to 16.97; p= 0.010), and stress (OR= 6.14; 95% CI= 1.83 to 20.60; p= 0.003) increased the risk of hyperuricemia. Family history of gout (OR= 1.47; 95% CI= 0.43 to 5.04; p= 0.537) increased the risk of hyperuricemia, but it was statistically non-significant.Conclusion: Age, female, purine-rich foods intake, and stress increase the risk of hyper­uricemia. Family history of gout increases the risk of hyperuricemia, but it was statistically non-significant. Keywords: hyperuricemia, purine-rich food, stressCorrespondence: Dewi Wulandari. School of Health Sciences Mitra Husada. Jl. Ahmad Yani 167, Gapura Papahan Indah, Papahan, Tasikmadu, Karanganyar 57722, Central Java. Email: mujahid­fiisa­biilillah­@gmail.com. Mobile: 089695098491.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2019), 4(4): 321-328 https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2019.04.04.04
Blood Urea Nitrogen as a Predictor of In-Hospital Mortality in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients Wasyanto, Trisulo; Tridamayanti, Annisa
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol 4, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Thus, it is important to effectively diagnose and determine prognosis and mortality risk. While criteria such as Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) and Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score are clinically used to work out the prognosis of patients with ACS, the examination of Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine alongside in predicting outcome may prove favorable as well. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of BUN and creatinine in mortality risk assessment of patients with ACS and to find which one is better.Subjects and Method: This was an analytical study with a cohort retrospective design included 1463 ACS patients in Dr. Moewardi hospital from January 2014 to July 2018. The relationship between admission BUN, creatinine level, and in-hospital mortality was analyzed with chi-square and logistic regression. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve to determine which one better as a predictor of in-hospital mortality.Results: The mean age of patients was 60 years old (mean= 60.08; SD= 11.04), which 72.9% were men. From all sample, 232 (15.9%) patients were died. In binary log regression models, elevated BUN (>50 mg/dL) at admission was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality (OR= 4.01; 95% CI= 1.0 to 7.0; p= 0.001). Similar results were obtained for elevated creatinine (>1.3 mg/dL) at admission (OR= 3.6; 95% CI= 2.2 to 5.8; p= 0.031). ROC curves showed that area under the curve (AUC) of BUN (0.87) was higher than AUC of creatinine (0.61).Conclusion: Elevated BUN and creatinine are independent predictors of in-hospital mortality in ACS patients. A high-level of BUN at admission is a more accurate predictor of in-hospital mortality than creatinine.Keywords: blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, acute coronary syndromeCorrespondence: Trisulo Wasyanto. Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret/ Dr. Moewardi Hospital. Jl. Kol. Sutarto 132, Surakarta 57126. Indonesia. Email: trisulo.wasyanto@gmail.com.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2019), 4(3): 241-251https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2019.04.03.07
The Potential Effect of Thymol from Black Seed Extract (Nigella Sativa) on Inhibiting the Growth of Candida albicans (Laboratory Studies in Leucorrhea Culture) Thaariq, Nurul Aziza Ath; Hadisaputro, Suharyo; Supriyana, Supriyana
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol 4, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Leucorrhea is a complaint of reproductive health problems that are often expe­rienced, 83% of cases are caused by Candida albicans. Candida albicans resistance to fluconazole (2.9%) and itraconazole (5.4%), so that antifungals from plant screening are safer and able to inhibit the growth of Candida albicans. This study aimed to explain the potential of thymol compounds in black cumin seed extract (Nigella sativa) various concentrations can inhibit the growth of Candida albicans.Subject and Method: This was a randomized controlled trial. The study sample was Candida albicans culture divided into 5 groups. The dependent variable was the growth of Candida albicans. The independent variable was thymol compounds of black cumin seed extract. The growth of Candida albicans was measured by calipers. The data were analyzed by one way ANOVA and post hoct.Results: Thymol 12.5% lowered the growth of Candida albicans 9.20 (mean= -9.20; p<0.001).Conclusion: Thymol compounds of black cumin seed extract has the potential as an alternative treatment for leucorrhea.Keywords: thymol, black seeds, Candida albicansCorrespondence:Nurul Aziza Ath Thaariq. Master of Applied of Midwifery, Health Polytechnics Ministry of Health Semarang. Jl. Tirto Agung, Pedalangan, Banyumanik, Semarang 50239, Central Java. Email: naziza.aththaariq@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285869522220Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2019), 4(3): 285-292https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2019.04.03.12 
Metformin/Glimepiride and Metformin/Glibenclamide, Which is Better?: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Sukmawan, Yedy Purwandi
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol 4, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with the microvascular and macrovascular complication. Metformin and sulphonylurea (glimepiride and glibenclamide) combination is widely used for the treatment of type 2 DM. This study aimed to examine the difference of Metformin/Glimepiride and Metformin/Glibenclamide administrations in reducing HbA1C among type 2 DM patients.Subjects and Method: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis according to PRISMA guideline with PICO construction using MeSH and text-word. 214 article were identified from PubMed, Cochrane, other source databases. Two articles with 183 type 2 DM  patients were selected for this study.Results: No significant difference on HbA1C level, fasting plasma glucose, and hypoglycemia adverse events between glimepiride/metformin and glibenclamide/metformin combinations. However, glimepiride/metformin combination demonstrated lower HbA1C (-0.11; 95% CI= -0.41 to 0.18; p= 0.450) and lower hypoglycemia adverse events (OR= 0.52; 95% CI= -1.02 to 3.05; p= 0.450), while glibenclamide/metformin combination demonstrated lower fasting plasma glucose concentration (1.01; 95% CI= -1.02 to 3.05; p= 0.450).Conclusion: Glimepiride/metformin combination is preferable in HbA1C lowering and hypoglycemia risk than glibenclamide/metformin combination.Keywords: Glimepiride-metformin, Glibenclamide-metformin, type 2 diabetes mellitusCorrespondence: Yedy Purwandi Sukmawan. Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Institute of Health Science of Bakti Tunas Husada Tasikmalaya, West Java, Indonesia. Email: yedipur@­gmail.comIndonesian Journal of Medicine (2019), 4(3): 211-218https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2019.04.03.03
Maternal Characteristics and the Effects of Early and Late-onset Types of Preeclampsia on Maternal and Perinatal Complications Damayanti, Sintia; Sulistyowati, Sri; Probandari, Ari Natalia
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol 4, No 4 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Preeclampsia is still the main cause of morbidity and mortality not only for mothers but also for fetal. The concept of early and late-onset preeclampsia is a more modern concept, and it is stated that these two entities have different etiologies and must be considered as different forms of the disease. This study aims to analyzing differences in maternal characteristics (age, number of parity, history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus) and laboratory results (platelet, ewitz, Lactic Acid Dehydrogenase/LDH) and to analyzing differences in maternal complications (maternal death, eclampsia, impending eclampsia, pulmonary edema, (hemolysis, elevated liver enzyme levels, and low platelet levels/HELLP syndrome) and perinatal complications (peri­natal death, Intrauterine Growth Restriction/IUGR, fetal hypoxia and fetal distress) between early and late-onset preeclampsia. This study aimed to investigate the maternal characteristics and the effects of early and late-onset types of preeclampsia on maternal and perinatal complications.Subjects and Method: This was a retrospective cohort study. The study was carried out at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2017. A total of 548 pregnant mothers with preeclampsia was selected for this study. The dependent variable was the incidence of preeclampsia. The independent variables were age, parity, hypertension, diabetes Mellitus, platelets, LDH, and proteinuria. The data were obtained from the medical record and analyzed by a multiple linear regression.Results: The number of patients with early-onset (162) was less than late-onset (386). More patients have multiparity in early and late-onset. In early-onset preeclampsia, thrombocytopenia and LDH increase tend to be present, and ewitz >+1. Early-onset preeclampsia tends to result in more maternal and perinatal complications.Conclusion: The incidence of early-onset is less than late-onset, but early-onset provides worse complications for both maternal and perinatal.Keywords: Early-onset preeclampsia, late-onset preeclampsia, characteristics, maternal and perinatal complicationsCorrespondence: Sintia Damayanti. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. Moewardi Hospital/ Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: sintiadamayan­84@yahoo.co.id. Mobile: 082220020829.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2019), 4(4): 329-338https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2019.04.04.05
Path Analysis of the Effect of Waist-Pelvic Circumference, Body Mass Index, and Abdominal Circumference on the Occurrence of Prediabetes Loekito, Cindy Lestyani; Murti, Bhisma; Pamungkasari, Eti Poncorini
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol 4, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus is an important health problem in the world. Pre-diabetes is a state of blood sugar levels above normal but below the criteria for diabetes. American Diabetes Association (ADA) uses criteria for hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) levels of 5.7% to 6.4% to define pre-diabetes. The prevalence of pre-diabetes was the highest in overweight individuals. In many studies, body fat levels were assessed by indicators of waist-pelvic circumference, abdominal circumference, and BMI. Among the three, it is still a debate which is more influential on the condition of pre-diabetes. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of waist-pelvic circumference, BMI, and abdominal circumference in pre-diabetes.Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Prodia Clinic, Surakarta, Central Java, from January to March 2019. A sample of 200 study subjects was selected by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was pre-diabetes. The independent variables were the waist-pelvic circumference, BMI, and abdominal circumference. The data on HbA1C was measured by NGSP standardized ion-exchange HPLC method. The data were analyzed by path analysis.Results: Abdominal circumference >90 cm in men and >80 cm in women (b= 0.87; 95% CI= 0.23 to 1.51; p= 0.008) and age ?45 years old (b = 1.70; 95% CI = 0.93 to 2.46; p <0.001) were directly increased pre-diabetes. Pre-diabetes was indirectly affected by waist?pelvic circumference, gender, and obesity.Conclusions: Abdominal circumference >90 cm in men and >80 cm in women and age ?45 years old are directly increased pre-diabetes. Pre-diabetes is indirectly affected by waist?pelvic circum­ference, gender, and obesity.Keywords: prediabetes, abdominal circumference, waist-pelvic circumference, body mass indexCorrespondence: Cindy Lestyani Loekito. Masters Program in Nutrition, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: cindy.l.l@student.uns.ac.id. Mobile:082134424950.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2019), 4(3): 252-258https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2019.04.03.08
Effects of Pineapple Juice and Ginger Drink for Relieving Primary Dysmenorrhea Pain among Adolescents Wrisnijati, Dita; Wiboworini, Budiyanti; Sugiarto, Sugiarto
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol 4, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Primary dysmenorrhea is characterized by low abdominal pain occurring during menstruation. It is negatively impact on all aspects of life of adolescents such as increased school absteeinsm, emotional disorders, impaired social interaction and productivity. The herbal drink which they can self-prepared is common choice as home remedies to relieve the pain. This study aimed to examine the effect of pineapple juice and ginger drink in providing pain relief to the adolescent with primary dysmenorrhea.Subjects and Method: This was a randomized trial study conducted at three high schools in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia, from January to April 2018. A sample of 39 female students aged 15-17 years was selected for this study, divided into three groups. The treatment was given for 3 days from first day of menstruation for 3 menstruation cycles. The pain score were measured by numeric rating scale (NRS). The data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney.Results: Pain score in pineapple juice group (mean= 2.25; SD= 1.79) and ginger drink group (mean= 3.63; SD= 2.02) were lower than control group (mean= 5.64; SD= 1.25) and it was statistically significant.Conclusion: Pineapple juice and ginger drink effective to reduce pain of primary dysmenorrhea among female adolescent.Keywords: Dysmenorrhea, pain, pineapple juice, ginger drink, female adolescentsCorrespondence: Dita Wrisnijati. Masters Program in Nutrition, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. E-mail: ditawrisnijati@gmail.com. Mobile: (62)85742916542.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2019), 4(2): 96-104https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2019.04.02.03
Potential Effect of Pitaya Fruit Juice (Hylocereus Polyrhizus) As an Anti-anemic Agent for Postpartum Anemia Rahmawati, Mufida Annisa; Supriyana, Supriyana; Djamil, Masrifan
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol 4, No 4 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Postpartum mothers are susceptible to anemia, due to loss of blood during labor. Postpartum anemia causes uterine subinvolution which results in postpartum hemorrhage, puerperium infection, decreases in breastfeeding and mammae infection. One alternative to prevent the occurrence of anemia in post partum s to consume fruit that contains iron and vitamin C is one pitaya fruit juice. Pitaya fruit (Pitaya fruit) is part of the non-heme iron sources needed to supply hemoglobin, hematocrit and erythrocytes. This study aimed to examine the effect of pitaya fruit juice consumption on the increase of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and erythrocyte levels.Subjects and Method: This was a quasy experiment conducted at Bumiaji health center. A sample of 32 postpartum mothers with anemia was selected for this study. The dependent variable was hemoglobin, hematocrit, and erythrocyte levels. The independent variable was pitaya fruit juice administration. The data were analyzed by paired t-test.Results: Hemoglobin level in the intervention group (mean= 11.27; SD= 0.85) was higher than control group (mean= 10.34; SD= 0.94) and it was statistically significant (p<0.001). Hematocrit level in the intervention group (mean= 36.78; SD= 3.17) was higher than control group (mean= 34.98; SD= 2.32) and it was statistically significant (p<0.001). Erythrocyte level in the intervention group (mean= 4.28; SD= 0.26) was higher than control group (mean= 3.97; SD= 0.36) and it was statistically significant (p<0.001).Conclusion: Hemoglobin, hematocrit, and erythrocyte levels are higher in the intervention group than control group and they are statistically significant.Keywords: pitaya fruit juice, hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocyte, postpartum mother, anemia Correspondence: Mufida Annisa Rahmawati. Masters of Applied Midwifery, Health Polytechnics Ministry of Health Semarang. Jl. Tirto Agung, Pedalangan, Banyumanik, Semarang 50239, Central Java. Mobile: +6281249674231.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2019), 4(4): 293-299https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2019.04.04.01  
Association between Carbohydrate, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and HBA1C Level Andarwati, Dwi Astuti Dian; Murti, Bhisma; Sulaeman, Endang Sutisna
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol 4, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Diabetes is now a disease that is a major concern both globally and regionally and is the leading cause of death in most countries. HbA1c levels are used to measure long-term glucose levels in patients with type 1 and 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Restrictions on carbohydrate diets have the greatest effect on decreasing blood glucose levels. Nutritional interventions with the provision of vitamin C and vitamin E can reduce inflammation and oxidative stress as a strategy to prevent the occurrence of DM. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of carbohydrate intake, vitamin C and vitamin E with HbA1c levels.Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Prodia Surakarta Clinic, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. A sample of 150 study subjects was selected by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was HbA1c level. The independent variables were carbohydrate and vitamin E. The data were collected by questionnaire and 24-hour food recall. The data were analyzed by multiple logistic regression.Results: High carbohydrate intake increased HbA1c level (OR= 2.84; 95% CI= 0.72 to 11.12; p= 0.133), while high intake of vitamin E lowered HbA1c level (OR= 0.12; 95% CI= 0.02 to 0.64; p = 0.012).Conclusion: High carbohydrate intake increases HbA1c level, while high intake of vitamin E decreases HbA1c level.Keywords: diabetes, HbA1c, karbohidrat,  vitamin C.Vitamin ECorrespondence: Dwi Astuti Dian Andarwati. Masters Program in Nutrition, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: dianandarwati@yahoo.com. Mobile: 0813­29588344.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2019), 4(3): 219-227https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2019.04.03.04  
Glasgow Coma Scale and Full Outline of Unresponsiveness Score Instruments to Determine Patient Outcome: A Systematic Review Silvitasari, Ika; Wahyuni, Wahyuni
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol 4, No 4 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Full Outline of Unresponsiveness Sco­re (FOUR score) are instruments to determine the level of patient consciousness. The­se instruments require good sensitivity and specificity, so that they can be used quickly and easily. This study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of GCS and FOUR sco­re instruments in determining adult patient outcome.Subjects and Method: This study was a systematic review study. The search for the articles involved the client population treated in the ICU, Emergency Installation and neu­rology room, patients who did not receive sedation or neuro blockers, were ob­ser­ved by health workers. The outcomes were in the form of death of patients in the hos­pi­tal, mRS, Glasgow outcome score, and APACHE II. This study were carried out using EBSCO, Sciencedirect, Pubmed, and Google Scholar, restricted articles from 2007-2017, and observational study. The number of articles that was in accordance with the in­clusion and exclusion criteria for this study was 9 articles. All articles found were used as sample.Results: The average sensitivity and specificity values of the GCS instrument and FOUR Score were close to 1 or 100%. From the 8 articles found, all got sensitivity and specificity values by >50%.Conclusion: The FOUR instrument score can be used as a substitute for GCS to assess the level of patient consciousness with patient outcomes (death) in ICU.Keywords: glasgow coma scale, full outline of unresponsiveness score, outcomeCorrespondence: Ika Silvitasari. School of Health Sciences Aisyiyah, Surakarta, Central Java. Jl. Ki Hajar Dewantara 10, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: mouse_02april­@yahoo.com.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2019), 4(4): 339-345https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2019.04.04.06

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