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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Medicine
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : -     EISSN : 25490265     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Indonesian Journal of Medicine (IJM) is an international, open-access, and double-blind peer-reviewed journal, focusing on the intersection of biomedical science, clinical medicine, and community medicine. The journal began its publication on August 20, 2015, and is published online three times yearly. It is academically designed for all physicians, health researchers, and health care professionals, regardless of their medical specialties, or type of employment.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 407 Documents
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Correlation between Obesity and Contraceptive Method on Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor–2 Expression among Breast Cancer Patients in Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta Agustina, Silvia Ari; Barokah, Liberty
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol 4, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Breast cancer is the number 2 cancer in Indonesia after cervical cancer. Breast cancer increases every year. The formation of breast cancer is stimulated by various factors such as obesity and a history of family planning. In breast cancer, there are three important receptors, namely estrogen (ER) receptors, progesterone receptors (PR), and HER-2/Neu. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of obesity and history of family planning with the estrogen hormone receptor (ER), progesterone hormone receptor (PR), and HER-2/Neu expression in breast cancer patients in the dr. Moewardi Hospital in Surakarta, Central Java.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study carried out at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Central Java. A sample of 117 pre- and post-menopausal women who performed examinations at the oncology surgical clinic at Dr. Moewardi hospital, Surakarta was selected by total sampling. The dependent variables were estrogen and progesterone receptors and HER-2/Neu expressions. The independent variables were obesity and history of contraceptive method. Data were obtained from the medical record and analyzed by multiple logistic regression.Results: Obesity (OR= 0.29; 95% CI= 0.13 to 0.68; p= 0.004) reduced estrogen hormone receptors and it was statistically significant. History of contraceptive method (OR= 1.18; 95% CI= 0.55 to 2.52; p= 0.680) increased estrogen hormone receptors but it was not statistically signi­ficant. Obesity (OR=0.41; 95% CI= 0.18 to 0.96; p= 0.040) and history of contraceptive method (OR= 0.41; 95% CI= 0.19 to 0.88; p= 0.022) reduced progesterone hormone receptors. Obesity and history of contraceptive method increased Her-2/Neu expression.Conclusion: Obesity reduces estrogen hormone receptors. History of the contraceptive method increases estrogen hormone receptors. Obesity and history of contraceptive method reduce pro­gesterone hormone receptors. Obesity and history of contraceptive method increase Her-2/Neu expression.Keywords: Obesity, contraceptive method, estrogen, progesterone hormones, Her-2/neuCorrespondence: Silvia Ari Agustina. Study Program in Midwifery, School of Health Sciences Achmad Yani, Yogya­karta. Jl. Ringroad Barat Ambarketawang, Gamping, Sleman, Yogyakarta. Phone: (0274) 4342000. Email: silvia_ari99@yahoo.com. Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2019), 4(3): 259-265https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2019.04.03.09
Factors Associated with Late Detection of Breast Cancer: Application of Health Belief Model Theory Wati, Wayan; Mudigdo, Ambar; Qadrijati, Isna
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol 4, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Primary prevention of breast cancer is still not available, so efforts to promote early detection continue to be the major focus in fighting breast cancer. Since early detection is as­sociated with decreased mortality, it is important to minimize delays in detection and di­agnosis. The purpose of this study was to examine factors associated with late detection of breast cancer in Surakarta, Central Java, using Health Belief Model.Subjects and Method: A cross sectional study was carried out at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Sura­karta, from October to December 2018. A sample of 200 breast cancer patients was selected by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was late detec­tion of breast cancer. The inde­pen­dent variables were perceived susceptibility, threat, benefit, barrier, self-efficacy, family sup­port, breast cancer detection, and family income. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multiple logistic regression.Results: Late detection of breast cancer decreased with perceived susceptibility (b= -1.49; 95% CI= -2.55 to -0.42; p= 0.006), perceived threat b= -1.87; 95% CI= -3.05 to -0.69; p= 0.002), per­ceived benefit (b= -3.27; 95% CI= -4.54 to -2.00; p<0.001), self-efficacy (b= -1.49; 95% CI= -2.52 to -0.46; p= 0.004), family support (b= -1.44; 95% CI= -2.49 to -0.39; p= 0.007), early breast cancer detection (b=-2.21; 95% CI= -3.33 to -1.09; p<0.001), and income (b= -1.75; 95% CI= -2.92 to -0.59; p= 0.003). It increased with perceived barrier (b= 1.64; 95% CI= 0.49 to 2.80; p= 0.005).Conclusion: Late detection of breast cancer decreases with perceived susceptibility, perceived threat, perceived benefit, self-efficacy, family support, early breast cancer detection, and in­come. It increases with perceived barrier.Keywords: late detection, breast cancer, Health Belief ModelCorrespondence: Wayan Wati. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: wayanwati99@­gmail.­com.Mobile: +62858­42842990.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2019), 4(2): 105-115https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2019.04.02.04
Factors Associated with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Surakarta, Central Java Azmiardi, Akhmad; Tamtomo, Didik; Murti, Bhisma
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol 4, No 4 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Peripheral neuropathy is the most common chronic complication and often occurs in diabetes mellitus. Peripheral neuropathy can cause morbidity, decreased quality of life,and mortality. This study aimed to analyze the determinants of peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Surakarta, Central Java.Subjects and Method: This study was an observational analytic with cross sectional design. This study was conducted at Surakarta Regional Hospital, Central Java on July 2019. A total of 200 type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatients was selected by simple random sampling. The dependent variable was peripheral neuropathy. The independent variables were age, education level, income, self-efficacy, diet, medication adherence, physical activity, health literacy, duration of illness, and fasting blood sugar. Peripheral neuropathy was measured using the Michigan Neu-black Screening Instrument (MNSI). Other variable data were obtained using questionnaires. Analysis of data used multiple logistic regression.Results: The risk of peripheral neuropathy increased with age of  ?55 years (b = 3.61; 95% CI = 1.51 to 5.70; p= 0.001), duration of illness ? 5 years (b = 2.78; 95% CI = 0.51 to 5.04; p = 0.016 ), and fasting sugar ?110 mg / dL (b= 1.64; 95% CI= -0.01 to 3.03; p= 0.052). The risk of peripheral neuropathy decreased with education level ?senior high school (b= -2.41; 95% CI = -4.31 to -0.51; p= 0.013), income ? Rp 1,800,000 (b= -1.58; 95% CI= -3.12 to -0.04; p = 0.044), high self-efficacy (b= -1.67; 95% CI= -3.26 to -0.07; p= 0.040), controlled diet (b= -1.89; 95% CI= -3.64 to -0.14; p= 0.034), high medication adherence (b= -2.34; 95% CI= -4.13 to -0.56; p= 0.010), high physical activity (b= -2.33; 95% CI= -4.17 to -0.49; p = 0.013), and high health literacy (b= -1.52; 95% CI = -3.18 to 0.14; p = 0.073).Conclusion: The risk of peripheral neuropathy increases with age of ?55 years, duration of illness ? 5 years, and fasting blood sugar ? 110 mg/dL. The risk of peripheral neuropathy decreases with a high education level, income of ?1,800,000, high self-efficacy, controlled diet, high medication adherence, high physical activity, and high health literacy.Keywords: peripheral neuropathy, diabetesCorrespondence: Akhmad Azmiardi. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: aazmiardi@gmail.com.Mobile: 085245412021 Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2019), 4(4): 300-312https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2019.04.04.02
Factors Affecting Ankle Functional Scores at Spastic Diplegia Cerebral Palsy Patients that Have Been Performed Single Event Multi Level Surgery Andryanto, Aryo Budiyogo; Satriadi, Anung Budi; Idulhaq, Mujaddid
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol 4, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Single Event Multi Level Surgery (SEMLS) is the treatment most often used to correct deformities and functional in children with Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy. There is no research in Indonesia that assesses the ankle function in patients with Spastic CP Diplegic has done SEMLS. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of age, gender and time period after surgery with functional ankle patients with CP Spastic Diplegic that has been done SEMLS in the RSO. Prof. Dr. R. Soeharso Surakarta (RSO).Subjects and Method: This study was a cross sectional study in 43 patients (25 male and 18 female) patients with Spastic Cerebral Palsy Diplegia that has been done SEMLS in pediatric orthopedics clinic RSO. Prof.dr.R.Soeharso Surakarta at least 3 months postoperatively, since January 1st 2013 to December 31st 2014. We assessed ankle function using the Oxford Ankle Foot Questionnaire for Children. From the results of the questionnaire we value outcomes as a percentage and we regrouped into 4 groups: value of 91% - 100% for excellent value, 81% - 90% for good, 71% - 80% for fair and if less than 70% for poor. Then we did impact assessment for age, sex and time of the postoperative with functional ankle score of patients with examination of linear regression model analysis.Results: There were 52 patients with Spastic CP Diplegi have done SEMLS but only 43 patients who qualified the inclusion criteria, the youngest patient was 5 years old and the oldest 15 years old with a mean age of 8.3 years. From the 43 patients, 25 are men and 18 were women. Postoperative time with the fastest time of observation was 5 months and the longest was 26 months with a mean of 14.3 months postoperatively SEMLS. From the 43 patients there are 11 patients (25%) function are excellent, 21 patients (49%) are good, 8 patients (19%) are fair, and 3 (7%) are poor. Age factor significantly influence the functional ankle score (p = 0.013) and postoperative time factors also significantly influence the functional score Ankle with (p = 0.04). While gender has no effect on the functional ankle score (p= 0.266).Conclusion: Paediatri Orthopaedic clinic at RSO. Prof. Dr. R. Soeharso has succed treated patients with CP Spastic Diplegic that have performed SEMLS. Age and time of postoperative significantly influence the functional ankle score in patients with CP Spatik Diplegic that have been done SEMLS. While the sex of the patients had no effect on the functional ankle score in patients with CP Spastic Diplegic that have been done SEMLS.Keywords: RSO Prof. Dr. R. Soeharso, CP Spastic Diplegic, SEMLS, Ankle Functional ScoreCorrespondence: Aryo Budiyogo Andryanto. Student of Orthopaedic and Traumatology school of Medicine, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2019), 4(3): 228-231https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2019.04.03.05
Association between Resistin and High Sensitive Troponin I in St Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Systolic Heart Failure Wasyanto, Trisulo; Febrilia, Laurent
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol 4, No 4 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Nearly half of all patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have left ventri­cular systolic dysfunction and one-third have symptoms of heart failure (HF). In patients with AMI the resistin level correlated inversely with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Increased levels of high sensitive (hs) troponin I are associated with poorer prognosis. This study aimed to deter­mine the association between levels of resistin and hs troponin I in ST elevation myocardial infarc­tion (STEMI) patients with systolic HF.Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study was conducted at Dr. Moewardi Gene­ral Hospital, Surakarta, from April 1 to May 31, 2018. A sample of 32 patients who admitted which diagnosed with STEMI was selected for this study. They were divided into two group according to result of LVEF measurement, LVEF < 40% and LVEF ? 40%. Blood examination and transthoracic echocardiography were performed to all patients. Correlation test using partial and multiple correlation test. To different 2 mean using Mann Whitney test.Results: Mean of patient age was 59.5 years old. Resistin decreased LVEF (r= -0.41; p= 0.009), and it was statistically significant. Hs troponin I decreased LVEF (r= -0.25; p= 0.081), but it was marginally significant. Resistin level and hs troponin I increased LVEF (r= 0.47; p= 0.025), and it statistically significant.Conclusion: There was an association between resistin and hs troponin I level together in STEMI patients with systolic HF. There was an association of resistin levels in STEMI patients with systolic HF. There was no association of hs troponin I levels in STEMI patients with systolic HF.Keywords: Resistin, hs troponin I, STEMI, systolic heart failure.Correspondence: Trisulo Wasyanto. Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret / Dr. Moewardi Hospital. Jl. Kol. Sutarto 132, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: trisulo.wasyanto@gmail.com.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2019), 4(4): 346-354https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2019.04.04.07 
The Effect of Chayote Extract (Sechium edule) On Blood Pressure in Pregnant Women with Hypertension Fauziah, Nur Alfi; Hidajati, Kamilah; Soejoenoes, Ariawan
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol 4, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Increased blood pressure of pregnant women during pregnancy is one of the high risks during pregnancy which can lead to preeclampsia, eclampsia to maternal and infant mortality. One of the treatments recommended by pregnant women is to consume foods containing potassium and flavonoids, namely squash. This study aimed to determine the effect of squash pumpkin on changes in blood pressure of hypertensive mothers in pregnancy in the health center in Semarang City area.Subjects and Methods: This was an experimental study. The study was conducted at community health centers in Semarang, Central Java, from March to May 2018. A sample of 20 pregnant women who experienced hypertension in pregnancy was divided into two groups, control and treatment groups. The dependent variable was blood pressure. The independent variable was the extract of chayote. The data were analyzed by multiple linear regression.Results: There were differences in systolic blood pressure before and after the administration of squash extract (p<0.001). There are differences in Diastolic blood pressure before and after the administration of squash extract (p <0.001).Conclusion: Consuming chayote can make an effort to help lower blood pressure in pregnant women with hypertension. Keywords: flavonoids, hypertension in pregnancy, potassium, squash, blood pressure. Correspondence: Nur Alfi Fauziah. Postgraduate Midwifery Program, School of Health Polytechnics. Jl. Tirto Agung, Pedalangan, Banyumanik, Semarang City, 50268, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: nuralfifau­ziah24­@yahoo.com.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2019), 4(3): 266-277https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2019.04.03.10
The Effect of Changes in Postural Position Angle Degree on Central Venous Pressure Measurement Lesmana, Hendy; Ose, Maria Imaculata; Zulfia, Rahmatuz; Tobing, Kurniaty Ika Sari
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol 4, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Central venous pressure is often used in intensive care, especially in patients who ex­pe­rience impaired fluid balance, heart failure, evaluation of therapeutic response and media for the­­rapy or hypertonic fluid. The patient's hemodynamic condition during treatment in the intensive care unit (ICU) is con­­stantly changing (unstable), therefore, serial monitoring of central venous pressure is needed and the patient's position must be constant. Changing the position of the patient in a place is some­ti­­mes something that cannot be avoided when the patient is in intensive room. This study aimed to examine the effect of changing the position of patients in bed at 00, 150, 300, and 450 on central venous pressure (CVP) va­lues.  Subjects and Method: This was quasi-experimental study, using a post test with­out control group with repeated measures. This study was conducted in the ICU/ICCU Room at Tarakan Ho­s­pital, No­rth Kalimantan, from May to June 2019. A total of 30 patients was selected by acci­den­­­tal sampling. The dependent variable was central venous pressure. The independent variable was the position of the patient when a central venous pressure examination was carried out, with the degree of positions which were 00, 150, 300, and 450. The data was obtained from observation she­et. CVP was measured by water manometer. The data were analyzed by Anova.Results: The lowest mean CVP was achieved at 0º (Mean=15.13; SD= 5.79). The highest mean CVP was achieved at 45º (Mean=18.18; SD=5.35). The different mean between 0º and 45º was sta­tis­tically significant (p=0.001). The mean CVD at 15º was mean=16.35; SD=5.73. The mean CVD at 30º was mean=17.07; SD=5.42). The different mean between 15º and 30º was statistically sig­ni­fi­cant (p=0.047).  Conclusion: The best position for perform central venous pressure is 45o.Keywords:  central vein pressure, intensive care, patient positionCorrespondence: Hendy Lesmana. Nursing Department, Faculty of Health, Universitas Borneo Tarakan. Email: damayanti.titha@gmail.com.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2019), 4(3): 192-200https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2019.04.03.01
Association between Resistin and High Sensitive Troponin I in St Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Systolic Heart Failure Wasyanto, Trisulo; Febrilia, Laurent
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol 5, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Nearly half of all patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have left ventri­cular systolic dysfunction and one-third have symptoms of heart failure (HF). In patients with AMI the resistin level correlated inversely with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Increased levels of high sensitive (hs) troponin I are associated with poorer prog­nosis. This study aimed to deter­mine the association between levels of resistin and hs troponin I in ST elevation myocardial infarc­tion (STEMI) patients with systolic HF.Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study was conducted at Dr. Moewardi Gene­ral Hospital, Surakarta, from April 1 to May 31, 2018. A sample of 32 patients who admitted which diagnosed with STEMI was selected for this study. They were divided into two group according to result of LVEF mea­sure­ment, LVEF < 40% and LVEF ≥ 40%. Blood examination and transthoracic echo-car­diography were performed to all patients. Cor­re­lation test using partial and multiple cor­relation test. To different 2 mean using Mann Whitney test.Results: Mean of patient age was 59.5 years old. Resistin decreased LVEF (r= -0.41; p= 0.009), and it was statistically significant. Hs troponin I decreased LVEF (r= -0.25; p= 0.081), but it was marginally significant. Resis-tin level and hs troponin I increased LVEF (r= 0.47; p= 0.025), and it statistically significant.Conclusion: There was an association between resistin and hs troponin I level together in STEMI patients with systolic HF. There was an association of resistin levels in STEM I patients with systolic HF. There was no association of hs troponin I levels in STEMI patients with systolic HF.Keywords: Resistin, hs troponin I, STEMI, systolic heart failure.Correspondence: Trisulo Wasyanto. Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret/ Dr. Moewardi Hos-pital. Jl. Kol. Sutarto 132, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: trisulo.wasyanto@gmail.com.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2020), 5(1): 1-9https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2020.05.01.01
Risk Factors of Behavioral Problems in Pediatric Epilepsy Nur, Fadhilah Tia; Azmi, Nurul; Hermasari, Bulan Kakanita
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 5 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Epilepsy is the most common neurological disorders in children and the number of case for epilepsy still incre­asing. Epilepsy can affect children and their growth physically, psy­cho­logi­cally, and socially, yet the treatment of behavioral problems in pediatric epilepsy is still lacking. This stu­dy aimed to investigate the association of frequency of seizure, type of seizure, duration of illness, and use of antiepileptic drug with behavioral dis­order in children with epilepsy.Subjects and Method: This was an analytical observational study with a cross sectional design. The study was conducted at Pediatric Neurology Unit of Dr. Moewardi hospital, Sura­karta, from September to October 2016. A sample of 50 pediatric patients with epilepsy was selected for this study. Parents or care­givers completed behavioral problems screen­ing tool Pediatric Symptom Checklist-17 (PSC-17) and were interviewed about frequency of seizure, type of seizure, duration of illness, and use of antiepileptic drug. The data were ana­lyzed by a multiple logistic regres­sion.Results: Frequent seizure (OR= 3.09; 95% CI= 0.89 to 10.59; p= 0.068) increased beha­vioral problem. Being treated with ≥1 anti-epileptic drugs (OR= 1.58; 95% CI= 0.44 to 5.71; p= 0.521) increased beha­vioral problem, but it was statistically non-significant. Type of seizure (OR= 1.01; 95% CI= 0.32 to 3.20; p= 0.991) and duration of illness ≥1 year (OR= 1.03; 95% CI= 0.22 to 4.89; p= 1.000) were not associated with behavioural problem. Conclusion: Frequent seizure increase beha­vioral problemKeywords: epilepsy, behavioral problems, pediatricsCorrespondence: Fadhilah Tia Nur. Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: fadhilah.harris@gmail.comIndonesian Journal of Medicine (2020), 05(02): 162-169https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2020.05.02.11
Plasma Zinc Difference in Children with Thalassemia β Major Received Deferiprone or Deferasirox Zinc Kusumawardhani, Wahyu; Salimo, Harsono; Riza, Muhamad
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 5 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Thalassemia is a blood disease charac­­terized by the most frequently found auto­somal recessive hereditary hemolytic anemia. It requires repeated blood trans­fusions for life. Routine blood transfusion can cause complica­tions in the form of accumu­lation of ferritin in the tissue. Iron chelation therapy is considered effective for treating body iron deposits. How­ever, iron chelation therapy has the side effect of decreasing levels of other im­­­­portant minerals such as zinc (Zn). This study aimed to examine plasma zinc difference in children with Thalasse­mia β major received deferiprone or deferasirox zinc.Subjects and Method: This was a cross sec­tional study conducted at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, from February to April 2017. A sample of 40 children with thalassemia β major aged 3 to 18 years who received deferiprone iron chelation and defe­rasirox at least 6 months was selected by consecutive sampling. The dependent variable was serum zinc levels. The independent vari­ables were iron ­deferip­rone and deferasirox. Plasma zinc levels were measured by atomic absorption spectroscope. The data were analyzed by t test.Results: Zinc levels in patients with deferiprone therapy (Mean= 54.50; SD= 11.02) were lower than defera­sirox therapy (Mean= 60.95; SD= 20.71), but statistically not significant (p= 0.229).Conclusion:Zinc levels in patients with deferi­prone therapy are lower than deferasirox therapy, but not statistically significant.Keywords: zinc, deferiprone, deferasirox, children with thalassemia β majorCorrespondence: Wahyu Kusumawardhani. Department of Pedi­a­trics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret/ Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Cen­tral Java. Phone/ Fax: 0271-633348. Email: dha­nisurya­diraja­@gmail.comIndonesian Journal of Medicine (2020), 05(02): 102-108https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2020.05.02.02

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