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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Analysis (IJCA)
Published by Universitas Islam Indonesia
ISSN : 26227401     EISSN : 26227126     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Social, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Environmental Science
IJCA (Indonesian Journal of Chemical Analysis) is a chemistry journal published by Chemical Analysis Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Islam Indonesia. IJCA publishes original research articles or review articles on aspect all of the chemistry fields especially in analytical methods, procedures, and principles. IJCA has the vision to become a reputable journal and can publish good quality papers. We aim to provide lecturer, researchers both academic and industries, and students worldwide with unlimited access to publishing in our journal.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 109 Documents
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Advances in Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Biomedical Uses Saputra, Ozi Adi; Safitriono, Wahyu Nur; Istiqomah, Annisa; Kumalasari, Meiyanti Ratna; Irmawan, Muhammad; Wibowo, Fajar Rakhman
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Analysis (IJCA) Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024): Indonesian Journal of Chemical Analysis
Publisher : Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/ijca.vol7.iss2.art9

Abstract

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have drawn significant attention due to their exceptional properties and diverse range of applications, particularly in nanomedicine. The distinctive properties of MSNs, such as their high surface area, tunable pore size, and versatile surface chemistry, make them ideal candidates for various biomedical applications. This review aims to present a detailed understanding of MSNs, from synthesis and characterization to their versatile applications in biomedicine, highlighting their significant potential in advancing healthcare technologies. The synthesis methods for MSNs were comprehensively discussed, emphasizing the influence of parameters like solvent, base, alkoxysilane concentrations, and template surfactants on the size and shape of the nanostructures. Different types of MSNs, including MCM-41, SBA-15, KIT-6, and hollow MSNs, are discussed, along with their synthesis protocols and unique characteristics. The review also covers various spectroscopic techniques, such as XRD, XPS, FTIR, NMR, and fluorescence spectroscopy, which are crucial for characterizing MSNs. Furthermore, the biomedical applications of MSNs are highlighted, demonstrating their potential in drug delivery systems, imaging, and diagnostics. The review concludes with a discussion of the future perspectives and challenges in the field, providing insights into potential developments and the prospects for clinical translation.
The Effect of Harvest Time of Sapu-Sapu Leaves (Baeckea frutescens L.) the Yield, Characteristics and Composition of Essential Oils Extached Using Steam-Hydro Distillation Method Elicia, Resta; Roanisca, Occa; Asriza, Ristika Oktavia
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Analysis (IJCA) Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024): Indonesian Journal of Chemical Analysis
Publisher : Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/ijca.vol7.iss2.art10

Abstract

The sapu-sapu plant (Baeckea frutescens L.) is widespread in the Bangka Belitung Islands Province, thriving in sandy areas such as beaches and highlands with less fertile soil. This study aimed to determine the optimal harvest time for sapu-sapu leaves to obtain essential oils' highest yield and most desirable characteristics. The research focused on the duck-type sapu-sapu leaves, using five variations of harvest time (coded as A1, A2, A3, A4, and A5, representing leaves harvested at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 months of growth, respectively). Essential oil extraction was performed using the steam distillation method. The resulting oils were then analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to determine their chemical composition. The results showed that sample A1 (1-month growth) produced the highest essential oil yield at 0.74% (w/w). This sample also exhibited the most optimal essential oil characteristics: clear yellow color, characteristic sapu-sapu odor, warm bitter taste, solubility in 96% ethanol at 1:13, specific gravity of 0.8863 g/mL, optical rotation of (+) 10.28°, and refractive index of 1.474. GC-MS analysis revealed that the main compounds in the A1 sample were α-pinene (43.84%), β-pinene (13.56%), and 1,8-cineol (24.26%). The study concluded that while the variation in harvest time of sapu-sapu leaves did not significantly affect the yield, characteristics, or composition of the essential oils, there were slight differences in yield and color. Sample A1, representing the youngest leaves, produced the most optimal results.
Evaluation of Ethanol Grade on the Robustness of Acid Number Determination in Fish Oil Purbaningtias, Tri Esti; Sandy
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Analysis (IJCA) Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024): Indonesian Journal of Chemical Analysis
Publisher : Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/ijca.vol7.iss2.art11

Abstract

The robustness evaluation of the acid number analysis method in fish oil was carried out to see the effect of the type of ethanol used as a solvent in the titration process. The types of ethanol used in this study were pro analysis grade, pharma and food grade, and technical grade. The acid number values (mgKOH/g) in fish oil with various solvents obtained were 2.3955±0.3211 for pro analysis grade; 2.7932±0.2983 for pharma and food grade; 2.7812±0.3362 for technical grade 1; 2.7031±0.3405 for technical grade 2. The acid number for all types of ethanol has a value that is in accordance with the requirements of SNI 8467: 2018 where the acid number value must be less than 3 mgKOH/g. However, if the measurement uncertainty value is included in the calculation, only the pro analysis grade ethanol solvent has an acid number value that is in accordance with the requirements of SNI. The results of the ANOVA test also showed that there was a significant difference in the variation of ethanol types for determining acid numbers because the calculated F value (13.9004) was greater than the F table (3.0984). Therefore, the solvent that must be used in the method of determining acid numbers in fish oil is pro analysis grade ethanol.
Effect of Gondorukem (Arpus) Adhesive Composition on Organic Waste-Based Briquettes using Biodrying Technology Ridwandi; Dewi, Rozanna; Zulnazri, Zulnazri; Sylvia, Novi; Riza, Medyan
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Analysis (IJCA) Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Chemical Analysis
Publisher : Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/ijca.vol8.iss1.art1

Abstract

Briquettes are an alternative to coal, wood, and fossil fuels. Briquettes can be made with simple, inexpensive materials. The adhesive is gondorukem (arpus), which is easy to find. Making briquettes involves preparing raw materials, mixing adhesives with organic waste, and testing the finished product. The adhesive variations used were 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%. Briquettes made with 5% gondorukem (arpus) adhesive had the lowest ash content. Briquettes with 25% gondorukem (arpus) had the highest ash content at 8.31%. Adhesives affect ash content. Moisture content analysis obtained with a value of 9.49% to 10.30%, the value is stable. The volatile content is 3.41-4.66%, which meets the SNI 01-6235 2000 standard. Calorimetry, all samples except 5% adhesive meet SNI 01-6235 2000 with minimum 5000 Cal/g (20934 J/g). Briquettes had density values of 0.0034176-0.004359 g/cm³, affecting energy content and combustion. Bound carbon analysis showed that all samples met the standard value of SNI 4931-2010. The burning rate of organic waste-based briquettes with different adhesives is 27 to 39 minutes, with a weight of 3.108 to 4.753 g/min. Briquettes take 66-111 seconds to ignite. SEM analysis shows rod-shaped substances, indicating organic waste and adhesives. The fibers visible are from the organic waste.
Uncertainty of Routine pH Measurements Evaluated by the Principle of Pooled Calibrations Andersen, Jens Enevold Thaulov; Menong, Mercy
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Analysis (IJCA) Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Chemical Analysis
Publisher : Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/ijca.vol8.iss1.art2

Abstract

In the digital age, taking logarithms of data is no longer necessary when assessing pH measurement uncertainties. The focus is now on using raw, unaltered data. Routine pH measurements often differ from those in reference labs, so quantifying these differences is necessary. The uncertainties of pH values at 25°C were evaluated using mass-by-mass calculations, along with comparisons between two pH meters. Four buffer systems and several beverage samples were tested. Expanded uncertainties (U) of up to U = 0.36 were observed for pH values between 2 and 11, significantly higher than those reported by manufacturers. While measured pH values were slightly higher than calculated ones, overlapping confidence intervals allowed the data to be combined. Due to significant uncertainties, the reliable pH range was limited to 1 < pH < 11, potentially narrower (1 < pH < 6.5). Routine pH measurement uncertainties did not match those based on the PoPC, with notably high CV values for proton activities at pH values below the buffers' pKa.
Optimization of pH Conditions for Lead Adsorption using Ion-Imprinted Polymer (IIP) with EDTA as Ligand Permatasari, Yuliani; Sianita, Maria Monica
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Analysis (IJCA) Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Chemical Analysis
Publisher : Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/ijca.vol8.iss1.art3

Abstract

Ion-imprinted polymers (IIPs) are selective adsorbents for heavy metal removal. In this study, IIPs were synthesized using Pb²⁺ as a template, EDTA as a ligand, methacrylic acid (MAA) as a monomer, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a crosslinker via precipitation polymerization in an ethanol-acetonitrile mixture with benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as an initiator at 70°C. FTIR analysis confirmed the successful synthesis of IIPs by identifying Pb-O vibrations at 530.1 cm⁻¹ in the non-imprinted polymer (NIP), which disappeared in IIP after Pb²⁺ removal. SEM-EDX analysis showed IIP had more voids than NIP due to Pb²⁺ removal, with decreased Pb content from 1.85% to 0.18%. Adsorption was tested at pH 4–9, a 30-minute contact time, and an initial Pb²⁺ concentration of 50 ppm. The optimum pH was 7, with an adsorption capacity of 47.52 mg/g and a percentage recovery of 97.3%. This method offers higher selectivity, stability, and reusability due to the polymer matrix's specific Pb²⁺-imprinted cavities than other adsorption methods. Adsorption occurred via electrostatic interactions and complex formation. These results demonstrate that IIPs are effective for Pb²⁺ removal, offering a promising solution for heavy metal pollution treatment.
Reduction of Organic Pollutant Levels in Slaughterhouse Wastewater Using the Electrocoagulation Method Hanif, Hanif; Hamdan, Abd Mujahid; Arief Rahman, Arief Rahman; Yunasar, Yunasar
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Analysis (IJCA) Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Chemical Analysis
Publisher : Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/ijca.vol8.iss1.art4

Abstract

The increasing demand for meat has increased the number of livestock slaughtered. An increase in cuts means an increase in the waste generated. One of the wastewater treatment techniques is the aluminium (Al) plate electrocoagulation method. Electrocoagulation is a coagulation process or coagulation and deposition of fine particles in wastewater by utilizing electrical energy through an electrolysis process so that it can degrade pollutants or contaminants in RPH liquid waste. This research was conducted to determine the effect of variations in current density and contact time and their effectiveness in reducing levels of COD and TSS, as well as increasing DO and optimum pH changes in abattoir waste. The current density variations used are 40, 45 and 50 A/m2 with 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes of contact times. The effectiveness of electrocoagulation on the decrease in the highest TSS value was 96.04%, and COD was 76.81%, with a contact time of 180 minutes and a current density of 50 A/m2. The pH value increased at 50 A/m2 current density with a contact time of 180 minutes, an increase from 5.9 to 8.1, and the DO value increased at a current density of 50 A/m2 with a contact time of 180 minutes, an increase from 1.2 to 4,3 mg/L.
Optimization of Fe Leaching Method for Indonesia Laterite Rocks using Experiment Design Central Composite Design (CCD)-Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Alifah Hernanda, Rasikha; Fakhri Izzul Haq, Muhammad; Suprapto, Suprapto; Lailun Ni’mah, Yatim
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Analysis (IJCA) Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Chemical Analysis
Publisher : Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/ijca.vol8.iss1.art5

Abstract

This study's goal is to maximize the soil's iron revocation process by exploiting the CCD (Central Composite Design) and RSM (Response Surface Method) experimental designs. Kendari, Kolaka, and Southeast Sulawesi are the laterite rocks used in this study. XRF testing is used to identify the mineral components contained in laterite rocks. The iron content of the laterite rocks is 68.90% according to XRF analysis, and the remaining metal content needs to be separated by leaching. Variations in the S/L ratio, leaching time, and leaching temperature were used in the leaching process, and these changes had an impact on the amount of extracted iron. Atomic Absorbtion Spectroscopy (AAS) is used to assess the leaching process results and quantify the iron concentration. Using CCD-RSM to optimize process settings, ideal conditions are achieved at a 1:1 S/L ratio, a 90-minute leaching period, 80°C, and a 19.20% iron extraction concentration. As a result, this study not only increases the iron's efficiency but also offers a technique that may be used to extract additional metals from lateritic rocks or comparable materials.
Synthesis of a Cellulose/PVA Adsorbent Composite from Pineapple Leaves Waste (Ananas Comosus) for the Degradation of Methylene Blue in Aqueous Solution Mayangsari, Novi Eka; Ramadani, Tarikh Azis; Astuti, Ulvi Pri
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Analysis (IJCA) Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Chemical Analysis
Publisher : Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/ijca.vol8.iss1.art6

Abstract

Methylene blue is disastrous for the environment due to their high toxicity. This needs to be mitigated to ensure that the effects can be reduced. Pineapple peel waste (Ananas comosus) can be valorized as cellulose adsorbent and cellulose/PVA adsorbent is a potential solution to minimize the impact of these contaminants. The objective of this research is to investigate the performance of the cellulose/PVA composite in the methylene blue adsorption process and to evaluate its performance with a cellulose adsorbent. The adsorption process results showed that the percentage of MB removal reached 94.03% on the cellulose/PVA adsorbent with 9% NaOH delignification for 90 minutes. After adding PVA, there was a significant increase in the removal of methylene blue in the adsorbent was recorded. The results indicate that cellulose and cellulose/PVA composites are more effective adsorbents than cellulose alone for removing methylene blue.
Analysis of Process Variables Effect on The Efficiency of Soxhletation Extraction of Larvae Oil (Hermetica illucens) using Response Surface Methodology Fitria, Murni; Rhea Alvita, Livia; Ariski Putra, Feby; Variyana, Yeni; Hanifah, Windia
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Analysis (IJCA) Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Chemical Analysis
Publisher : Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/ijca.vol8.iss1.art7

Abstract

Maggot or Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae can be used as a source of oil because they have a high lipid content. In this study, the maggot oil extraction process was optimised using the soxhlet method with the assistance of the response surface methodology (RSM) using the Central Composite Design (CCD) research design. Optimization was carried out with variations in the ratio: solvent (1: 7, 1: 10 and 1: 13 g/mL) and extraction time (120, 240 and 360 minutes). The results of the significance test using ANOVA showed that the sample solvent comparison had an insignificant effect (p-value: 0.060). In contrast, the extraction time had a significant effect (p-value: 0.000) on the maggot oil harvest yield. The results of different analyses showed a significant quadratic interaction between the sample solvent comparison (p-value: 0.002) and a significant interaction between the sample solvent comparison and extraction time (p-value: 0.008). The recommended optimal conditions based on optimization using RSM are a combination of a sample solvent ratio of 1:8.5 and an extraction time of 360 minutes with a predicted oil yield of 32.11%. Meanwhile, experimental validation at the recommended optimal conditions produced a yield of 38.68% or greater than the predicted value. The characteristics of the maggot oil obtained had a density of 0.9493 g/mL, a viscosity of 0.92 Pa.s, an air content of 0.0847% w/w, and free fatty acids of 4.56%. The results of GC-MS analysis of maggot oil showed a total of 9 compounds, with the 3 most abundant compounds being oleic acid (52.6%), palmitic acid (24.78%), and lauric acid (12.45%).

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