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Acta Biochimica Indonesiana
Published by Perhimpunan Biokimia dan Biologi Molekuler Indonesia
ISSN : 26546108     EISSN : 26543222     DOI : https://doi.org/10.32889
Core Subject : Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
Acta Biochimica Indonesiana (ActaBiolna) is a peer-reviewed and open-access journal that disseminates original research articles and review articles covering diverse topics in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. The journal is published biannually by Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 107 Documents
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Investigation of catechin’s anti-inflammatory activity: A bioinformatics and molecular docking study Suprahman, Nisa Yulianti; Sari, Bulan Rosita; Fauziyya, Riri; Fatimah
Acta Biochimica Indonesiana Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024): Acta Biochimica Indonesiana
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32889/actabioina.199

Abstract

Background: Inflammation plays a key role in the progression of many chronic diseases. As a country with rich biodiversity, Indonesia offers numerous phytochemicals with potential for drug development, including catechin, a natural compound with anti-inflammatory properties. Objective: This study aimed to identify potential anti-inflammatory targets of catechin and evaluate its inhibitory potency through molecular docking simulations. Methods: Data acquisition and refinement were conducted using the NCBI, STRING, and STITCH databases, with intersections identified through Venn diagrams. Molecular docking was performed using AutoDockTools 1.5.6, and interactions were visualized with BIOVIA Discovery Studio. Results: Bioinformatics analysis predicted that catechin inhibits three pro-inflammatory proteins: COX-2, HSP90, and IL-2. Catechin’s inhibitory potential was indicated by negative binding energies and interactions with amino acid residues critical for target protein activity. Among the targets, IL-2 exhibited the lowest binding energy with catechin (-5.12 kcal/mol), suggesting it as the primary anti-inflammatory target. However, catechin’s binding affinity was lower than that of the native ligand (-11.78 kcal/mol). Conclusion: IL-2 is predicted to be the primary target for catechin’s anti-inflammatory activity. Structural modifications of catechin are recommended to enhance its binding affinity and therapeutic potential.
Antibacterial activity of garlic ethanol extract (Allium sativum Linn) against Propionibacterium acnes Seran, Stefania Danita Dwi W. M.; Nurina, Rr. Listyawati; Hutasoit, Regina Marvina; Nugroho, Teguh Dwi
Acta Biochimica Indonesiana Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Acta Biochimica Indonesiana
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32889/actabioina.186

Abstract

Background: Acne vulgaris is a common dermatological condition largely associated with Propionibacterium acnes infection. The increasing resistance of P. acnes to conventional antibiotics necessitates alternative treatment approaches. Garlic (Allium sativum Linn) has documented antimicrobial properties, yet its specific activity against P. acnes remains underexplored. Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial activity of garlic extract at various concentrations against P. acnes and determine its potential as an alternative acne treatment. Methods: Garlic extract was prepared using ethanol maceration, followed by phytochemical screening. The antibacterial activity against P. acnes was assessed using the well diffusion method at concentrations of 10%, 40%, 70%, and 100%, with doxycycline and distilled water serving as positive and negative controls, respectively. Inhibition zones were measured and statistically analyzed. Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and triterpenoids in the garlic extract. All tested concentrations exhibited significant antibacterial activity against P. acnes. The inhibition zone diameters were 32.83 mm (100%), 28.90 mm (70%), 26.60 mm (40%), and 15.29 mm (10%), compared to 38.81 mm for doxycycline, with statistically significant differences between all groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Garlic extract demonstrates potent antibacterial activity against P. acnes, with 70% concentration providing optimal efficacy relative to extract concentration, suggesting its potential as a natural alternative for acne treatment.
Design and evaluation of degenerate primers targeting the NS3 gene for detection of dengue virus by RT-PCR Aziz, Saefuddin; Sari, Regita Cahaya; Priyanto, Dwi; Ramadhani, Tri
Acta Biochimica Indonesiana Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Acta Biochimica Indonesiana
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32889/actabioina.190

Abstract

Background: Dengue fever, caused by the dengue virus, is hyper-endemic in Indonesia. Since no protective vaccine or specific treatments are available, accurate diagnosis is crucial for the early implementation of preventive measures to limit dengue transmission and reduce economic losses. Various diagnostic techniques have been developed, including reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for detecting viral nucleic acids using specific primers. Objective: This study aimed to design and evaluate the effectiveness of a new primer targeting the NS3 gene of the dengue virus for molecular detection in clinical samples. Methods: A cross-sectional molecular study was conducted in Banjarnegara, Indonesia. Serum samples were collected from dengue-suspected patients attending hospitals in the city. The diagnosis was initially performed using dengue NS1 antigen and IgG/IgM antibody detection. Dengue virus (DENV) serotyping was conducted using Simplexa Dengue real-time RT-PCR with a newly designed NS3 gene primer. The effectiveness of the new primer was assessed by comparing its performance with a commercial primer. Results: The primers, DenVNS3F (5’-CGAGTAGGAATGGGWGARGCAGC-3’) and DenVNS3R (5’-CTGTCCAGTGAGCRYGGTCTT-3’) were able to detect the NS3 gene of the dengue virus. However, the level of agreement in detecting the dengue virus compared to the commercial primer showed a moderate agreement (k = 0.60) with a low confidence level. Conclusion: The newly designed primers DenVNS3F and DenVNS3R are capable of detecting the NS3 gene. However, the primers may require further optimization to achieve a higher level of accuracy and confidence in detecting the dengue virus, and additional validation through sequencing is necessary to confirm the specificity of the amplified product.
Erythrocyte levels in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with a history of positive and negative COVID-19 Chasanah, Siti Nur; Sari, Aslani Thereestiana; Zakaria, Djamila; Thalib, Ayutia Safira Rusidana
Acta Biochimica Indonesiana Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Acta Biochimica Indonesiana
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32889/actabiona.198

Abstract

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a prevalent respiratory condition that predisposes patients to severe complications when infected with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Hematological alterations, particularly in erythrocyte levels, may influence the clinical course and outcomes in these high-risk individuals. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the erythrocyte profile of COPD patients with and without COVID-19 at RS Paru Dr. Ario Wirawan Salatiga. Methods: An analytic study design was employed. Participants were recruited using consecutive sampling. All COPD patients admitted between March 2019 and December 2023 were included. A total of 53 COPD patients participated, comprising 27 COVID-19-positive and 26 COVID-19-negative patients. Results: The mean erythrocyte level in the COVID-19-positive COPD group was 4.23 ± 0.73 million/µl, while in the COVID-19-negative COPD group, it was 4.77 ± 0.78 million/µl. Although a statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups (p = 0.012), both values remain within the normal reference range. Conclusion: Erythrocyte levels in both the COVID-19-positive and COVID-19-negative COPD groups remained within the normal range, although the levels were relatively lower in the COVID-19-positive group with statistical significance. Further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms contributing to this difference.
Antioxidant activity of Crescentia cujete extract: effects on oxidative stress in the hearts of hypoxic rats Limanan, David; Setiady, Brandon Alexander; Sentosa, Belinda; Alphanto, Alfred H; Rudianti, Selly Herlia; Ferdinal, Frans
Acta Biochimica Indonesiana Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Acta Biochimica Indonesiana
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32889/actabioina.201

Abstract

Background: The heart is highly susceptible to oxidative stress. Hypoxia can induce oxidative stress in the heart, leading to cardiac damage. Objective: This study investigated the antioxidant effects of Crescentia cujete extract on oxidative stress in hypoxic rat hearts. Methods: Antioxidant capacity was evaluated using DPPH assay. Sprague Dawley rats were divided into eight groups: four received C. cujete extract (400 mg/kg/day for 14 days) and four served as controls. Hypoxia was induced for 3, 7, and 14 days using a hypoxic chamber (8% O₂, 92% N₂). Heart tissue was analyzed for malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and catalase activity. Results: C. cujete extract demonstrated moderate antioxidant capacity (IC50 = 158.45 µg/mL). In extract-treated rats, MDA levels were significantly lower compared to controls, while catalase activity was significantly higher. GSH levels were higher in treated groups but not statistically significant. Histopathological analysis revealed less cardiac necrosis in extract-treated groups. Conclusion: C. cujete extract demonstrates protective effects against hypoxia-induced cardiac oxidative stress. These findings suggest potential as complementary therapy for oxidative cardiac damage, although further studies are needed to establish clinical efficacy and safety.
Expression of Recombinant Plasmodium falciparum Cysteine-rich Protective Antigen (PfCyRPA) Fragment 26–181 in Escherichia coli BL21 CodonPlus (DE3) RIPL Masduki, Fifi Fitriyah; Prameswari, Aurelia Galih; Puspasari, Fernita; Ihsanawati, Ihsanawati; Natalia, Dessy
Acta Biochimica Indonesiana Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Acta Biochimica Indonesiana
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32889/actabioina.217

Abstract

Background: Malaria is a life-threatening infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites, transmitted through infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. PfCyRPA (Plasmodium falciparum Cysteine-Rich Protective Antigen) has emerged as a promising vaccine candidate due to its ability to elicit inhibitory antibodies against parasite growth. Objective: This study aimed to construct recombinant plasmids encoding PfCyRPA fragment 26–181 and express this fragment in Escherichia coli BL21 CodonPlus (DE3) RIPL for cost-effective antigen production. Methods: The PfCyRPA gene fragment (~480 bp) was amplified from P. falciparum genomic DNA (Jayapura isolate) by PCR. Recombinant plasmids pGEM-T-PfCyRPA 26-181 and pET-16b-PfCyRPA 26-181 were constructed and confirmed via colony PCR, restriction analysis, and sequencing. The pET-16b-PfCyRPA 26-181 was transformed into E. coli BL21 CodonPlus (DE3) RIPL. Protein expression was induced with 0.5 mM IPTG at 37°C, and analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Results: SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis demonstrated successful expression of recombinant PfCyRPA fragment 26–181 with a molecular mass of approximately 21.53 kDa, corresponding to the predicted size. The protein was predominantly expressed as inclusion bodies, typical for eukaryotic proteins in prokaryotic systems. Colony PCR and sequencing confirmed correct gene insertion and integrity. Conclusion: Recombinant PfCyRPA fragment 26–181 was successfully expressed in E. coli BL21 CodonPlus (DE3) RIPL, providing a cost-effective platform for large-scale antigen production. This work establishes a foundational protocol for further immunogenicity research and supports development of this antigen as a potential blood-stage malaria vaccine candidate.
Photosynthetic efficiency and acid tolerance in Pumiliosphaera acidicola KMJ isolated from a geothermal spring in West Java, Indonesia Kono, Alfredo; Pertiwi, Berliana Gita N.; Farhan, Bahzad Ahmad; Rahmawan, Anhar; Rachmayanti, Yanti; Putri, Rindia M.; Nurachman, Zeily
Acta Biochimica Indonesiana Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Acta Biochimica Indonesiana
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32889/actabioina.221

Abstract

Background: Acidophilic microalgae represent a promising yet underexplored resource for biotechnological carbon capture in low-pH environments such as geothermal springs and industrial effluents. However, few strains have been physiologically characterized, and most biotechnologically relevant microalgae remain neutrophilic. Objective: This study aimed to isolate and characterize an acid-tolerant green microalga from a geothermal spring in Kamojang, West Java, Indonesia, and assess its growth, acid tolerance, and photosynthetic performance across a range of inorganic carbon (Ci: CO₂, HCO₃⁻, and CO₃²⁻) concentrations. Methods: Mud samples were enriched in Allen medium under continuous illumination. Isolates were identified via 18S rRNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Growth was tested across pH 2.3 to 7.0 in media acidified with either HCl or H₂SO₄. Photosynthetic performance was evaluated by O₂ evolution under various Ci concentrations. Results: The isolated strain, designated Pumiliosphaera acidicola KMJ, exhibited robust growth from pH 2.3 to 7.0 and showed comparable tolerance to both HCl and H₂SO₄. Morphologically, KMJ displayed compact, spherical green cells (2–5 µm diameter). Oxygen evolution measurements revealed consistently higher photosynthetic rates than Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, particularly under sub-saturating Ci levels, indicating efficient CO₂ assimilation under acidic, low-Ci conditions. To our knowledge, this is the first study to directly quantify Ci-dependent O₂ evolution in an acidophilic chlorophyte. Conclusion: P. acidicola KMJ combines broad acid tolerance with high photosynthetic efficiency, positioning it as a strong candidate for CO₂ capture in acidic environments. Its physiology also provides a basis for future molecular studies into acidophilic CO₂ assimilation.
Traditional medicinal plants in Barangay Dagbasan, Mabinay, Philippines: an ethnobotanical documentation of local knowledge and practices Bena, Alexander S.; Sari, Wahyu Wido
Acta Biochimica Indonesiana Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): Acta Biochimica Indonesiana
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32889/actabioina.189

Abstract

Background: Traditional medicinal plants constitute an essential component of primary healthcare in rural Philippine communities, yet systematic documentation remains limited in many regions. Objective: This study aimed to document traditional healing practices utilizing medicinal plants in Barangay Dagbasan, Mabinay, Negros Oriental, Philippines, identifying plant species used for various ailments, commonly used plant parts and preparation methods, and pathways of traditional knowledge transmission. Methods: A qualitative ethnobotanical approach employing rapid ethnographic assessment was conducted through semi-structured interviews, participatory demonstrations, and guided field walks. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis with frequency counts for plants, ailments, plant parts, and preparation methods. Results: Thirty-three biomedicinal plant species were documented, including several Philippine Department of Health-approved plants. The most commonly treated ailments were cough (15%), wounds (15%), stomachache (9%), fever (8%), and diarrhea (7%). Leaves were the most frequently utilized plant part (56%), with preferred preparation methods being topical application (23%), ingestion (21%), and decoction (13%). Conclusion: Barangay Dagbasan maintains rich ethnobotanical traditions providing essential healthcare access. However, limited knowledge about certain plant parts, external knowledge contamination through social media, and conservation concerns necessitate interventions including pharmacological validation, conservation programs, and educational initiatives to preserve traditional knowledge while ensuring sustainable medicinal plant use.
Effect of Elastomull® elastic bandaging on second-degree burn wound healing in Wistar rats: A preliminary study Zulfachri, Naynuunis; Syahrizal, Dedy; Muhsin
Acta Biochimica Indonesiana Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): Acta Biochimica Indonesiana
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32889/actabioina.194

Abstract

Background: Second-degree burns are the most common burn injuries, requiring effective wound management to prevent complications. While silver sulfadiazine is the gold standard treatment, the role of elastic bandaging in enhancing healing remains unclear. Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of Elastomull® elastic bandaging combined with silver sulfadiazine in treating second-degree burns in Wistar rats. Methods: Six male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: K(+) group treated with silver sulfadiazine and Elastomull® bandaging, and K(-) group treated with silver sulfadiazine alone. Second-degree burns were induced using a 100°C iron applied for 5 seconds. Wound areas were measured every three days for 18 days and analyzed using Independent-Samples T-Test. Results: The K(+) group consistently showed smaller wound areas from day 3 onwards, with greater total healing (1.87 ± 0.25 cm²) compared to K(-) group (1.03 ± 0.53 cm²). However, differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Elastomull® bandaging showed clinical trends toward improved burn healing but lacked statistical significance, likely due to small sample size. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Nephroprotective effects of ethanolic extract of Ganoderma lucidum against diethylene glycol-induced acute kidney injury in rats Hernayanti; Taufiq, Hameda Dhaka Kusuma
Acta Biochimica Indonesiana Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): Acta Biochimica Indonesiana
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32889/actabioina.195

Abstract

Background: Diethylene glycol (DEG) contamination in pharmaceutical preparations has caused numerous cases of acute kidney injury, particularly in pediatric populations. Current treatments are expensive and not readily accessible in resource-limited settings. Ganoderma lucidum, a medicinal mushroom rich in triterpenoids, flavonoids, and ergothioneine, may offer a natural therapeutic alternative. Objective: This study evaluated the nephroprotective potential of ethanolic G. lucidum extract against DEG-induced acute kidney injury in rats. Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into six groups: healthy control, DEG-induced control (5 g/kg BW), three G. lucidum treatment groups (250, 500, 750 mg/kg BW for 7 days plus DEG), and fomepizole control (5 mg/kg BW plus DEG). Renal function markers (β2-microglobulin, malondialdehyde) and electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride) were measured on day 11. Results: DEG significantly elevated β2-microglobulin (0.73 vs. 0.29 ng/mL) and malondialdehyde levels (3.368 vs. 0.72 μmol/L) while reducing electrolytes. G. lucidum extract at 500 and 750 mg/kg BW significantly improved all parameters, achieving efficacy comparable to fomepizole (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Ethanolic G. lucidum extract demonstrates significant nephroprotective effects against DEG-induced kidney injury, with 500 mg/kg BW as the optimal therapeutic dose.

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