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Acta Biochimica Indonesiana
Published by Perhimpunan Biokimia dan Biologi Molekuler Indonesia
ISSN : 26546108     EISSN : 26543222     DOI : https://doi.org/10.32889
Core Subject : Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
Acta Biochimica Indonesiana (ActaBiolna) is a peer-reviewed and open-access journal that disseminates original research articles and review articles covering diverse topics in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. The journal is published biannually by Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 107 Documents
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Olive oil increase catalase activity and gluthatione peroxidase level in hyperglycemic rats Ariani Zaltin Okvenda; Eti Yerizel; Raveinal
Acta Biochimica Indonesiana Vol. 6 No. 2 (2023): Acta Biochimica Indonesiana
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32889/actabioina.137

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disease globally. Hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus is known to trigger oxidative stress. The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) is decreased in diabetic conditions. Catalase activity acts as a defense system to prevent the formation of free radicals (oxidants) in the human body. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of olive oil antioxidants on catalase activity and GSH-Px levels in hyperglycemic rats. Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were randomized into three groups (n: 8): untreated control (Control), alloxan-induced untreated (Alloxan), and alloxan-induced treatment (Treatment) of olive oil at 25 mL/day for 14 days. Catalase activities were measured using the spectrophotometry method, and GSH-Px levels were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Administration of olive oil increased catalase activity compared to the untreated group in alloxan-induced rats. The average level of glutathione peroxidase was higher in the treatment group than in alloxan-induced rats. Conclusion: Antioxidants in olive oil increased catalase activity and glutathione peroxidase levels in alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rats.
Mutation analysis of SHP2, SOS1, and SOS2 related to dysregulation of Ras/MAPK pathway in Noonan syndrome Nihayatul Karimah
Acta Biochimica Indonesiana Vol. 7 No. 1 (2024): Acta Biochimica Indonesiana
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32889/actabioina.143

Abstract

Background: Noonan syndrome, characterized by short stature, congenital heart defects, and facial dysmorphology, results from dysregulation of the Ras/MAPK pathway. Mutations in Ras/MAPK pathway proteins such as SHP2, SOS1, and SOS2 are responsible for this condition. Objective: This study aimed to model the mutations in SHP2, SOS1, and SOS2 using FoldX and predict the structural impact. Methods: Mutations were sourced from the OMIM Database. Protein sequence was retrieved from UniProt, and evolutionary conservation profiles were estimated by ConSurf. The structures of SHP2 and SOS1 were obtained from Protein Data Bank, while the undefined structure of SOS2 was modeled using YASARA. FoldX was used to model the mutations in two steps: structure repair and residue mutation. Results: The evolutionary conservation profile indicated that most mutations occur in the highly conserved residues. These mutations disrupt various important interactions at domain interfaces. The total energy changes were predominantly positive, indicating instability in the mutated proteins due to the loss of the domain interactions and some unfavorable local conformational changes. Conclusion: FoldX is a valuable tool for modeling protein mutations and predicting altered function. The models demonstrate that the mutations contribute to the aberrant autoinhibitory control and catalytic activity of the proteins.
Acute toxicity test of Rhizophora apiculata bark extract on rat liver and kidney histology using fixed dose method Syazili Mustofa; Ilma Puteri Hutami; Dwi Sarwindah
Acta Biochimica Indonesiana Vol. 6 No. 2 (2023): Acta Biochimica Indonesiana
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32889/actabioina.144

Abstract

Background: The therapeutic properties of the ethanol extract derived from the stem bark of Rhizophora apiculata have been investigated. Nevertheless, there is a lack of studies regarding its acute toxicity. Objective: This research aims to evaluate the toxicity of ethanolic extract of R. apiculata bark by examining histological changes in the liver and kidney of rats. Method: The ethanol extract of R. apiculata bark was administered using a fixed-dose approach in preliminary and primary tests, focusing on the kidneys and liver of male Sprague Dawley rats. Four treatment groups received doses of 5, 50, 300, and 2000 mg/kg BW, while one group served as the control. An uninterrupted observation period of 14 days was conducted to determine any indications of acute toxicity in these animals. On the fifteenth day, the rats were terminated. Results: This study indicated the absence of any toxic manifestations, such as tremors, excessive salivation, convulsions, coma, and mortality. Nevertheless, it caused histological damage to the rats’ liver and kidney when administered at doses 300 and 2000 mg/kg BW. Conclusion: While the administration of R. apiculata extracts at doses of 300 and 2000 mg/kgBW resulted in histological damage to the kidneys and livers of the rats, it did not induce any immediate symptoms.
The impact of Kersen leaves (Muntingia calabura L.) extract on Mus musculus with hypercholesterolemia Sion Benu; Anita Amat; Arley Telussa; Rr Listyawati Nurina
Acta Biochimica Indonesiana Vol. 7 No. 1 (2024): Acta Biochimica Indonesiana
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32889/actabioina.152

Abstract

Background: Hyperlipidemia, a condition marked by elevated levels of total cholesterol and related lipids, poses significant health risks. The potential cholesterol-lowering effects of Kersen leaves (Muntingia calabura L.), which are rich in flavonoids, saponins, and tannins, warrant investigation. Despite the recognized benefits of Muntingia calabura L., its potential, particularly from the Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) region, still needs to be explored. Objective: This study aimed to assess the effect of Kersen leaves extract, sourced from arid regions of NTT, on hypercholesterolemia in Mus musculus. Methods: Healthy male white mice (Mus musculus) were used in the experiment and divided into five groups: a normal group, a negative control group, and three treatment groups receiving a high-cholesterol diet supplemented with Kersen leaves extract at doses of 75, 150, and 300 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Total cholesterol levels were measured using the Easy Touch GCU monitoring system. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Paired T Test to compare the pre and post data in each group. Results: A high-cholesterol diet for 14 days significantly increased body weight and total cholesterol levels in male white mice (Mus musculus). Meanwhile, treatment with Kersen leaves extract at 300 mg/kg body weight effectively mitigated the elevation in cholesterol levels. Conclusion: Kersen leaves extract (Muntingia calabura L.) significantly reduced hypercholesterolemia in Mus musculus, suggesting its potential as a natural therapeutic agent for cholesterol management. Further research is necessary to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of action and evaluate its clinical applicability.
Rapid detection of Vibrio alginolyticus in seafood using the flgL gene and real-time polymerase chain reaction Muktiningsih Nurjayadi; Gladys Indira Putri; Jefferson Lynford Declan; Ismaya Krisdawati; Dandy Akbar Juliansyah; Maharanianska Azzahra; Irvan Maulana; Irma Ratna Kartika; Fera Kurniadewi; Tiara Fahriza; Adinda Myra Amalia Putri; Ayu Berkahingrum; Atikah Nur Rahmawati; Rosita Gio Anggraeni; Dalia Sukmawati; Sri Rahayu; Vira Saamia; I Made Wiranatha; Bassam Abomoelak; Hesham Ali El-Enshasy
Acta Biochimica Indonesiana Vol. 7 No. 1 (2024): Acta Biochimica Indonesiana
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32889/actabioina.159

Abstract

Background: Seafood is highly nutritious but poses health risks when contaminated with pathogenic bacteria like Vibrio alginolyticus, which causes food poisoning and can infect marine animals and humans. Objective: This research aimed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR) using the flgL primer pair to detect V. alginolyticus bacteria in seafood. Methods: The rt-PCR method was used to detect V. alginolyticus quickly, specifically, and sensitively. The flgL primer pair was evaluated for amplicon length, Ct value, Tm value, and its ability to differentiate between target and non-target bacteria. In this research, the samples tested were red snapper and blood clams. Results: The flgL primer produced an amplicon length of 224 bp. At 50 ng concentration, it yielded a Ct value of approximately 11.00 and a Tm of approximately 83°C. The flgL primer successfully differentiated between target and non-target bacteria. In sensitivity tests, it detected V. alginolyticus at concentrations as low as 1.86 x 10-3 ng/µL. Detection in seafood samples was also successful. Conclusion: The rt-PCR assay using the flgL primer pair effectively detects Vibrio alginolyticus in seafood with high specificity, sensitivity, and rapidity. These findings support its use for rapid and accurate detection of pathogenic bacteria in seafood.
Antibacterial activity of jamblang leaf ethanol extract (Syzygium cumini) against the growth of Propionibacterium acnes Maria Fransiska Priska Yulianti; Anita Lidesna Shinta Amat; Regina Marvina Hutasoit; Prisca Deviani Pakan
Acta Biochimica Indonesiana Vol. 6 No. 2 (2023): Acta Biochimica Indonesiana
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32889/actabiona.161

Abstract

Background: Propionibacterium acnes is a bacterium found on the skin that plays a significant role in acne vulgaris. The inappropriate use of antibiotics can lead to resistance, necessitating the search for alternative therapies from plants with high antibacterial potential. One such plant is jamblang (Syzygium cumini), which has demonstrated antibacterial properties. Objective: This research aims to test the antibacterial activity of jamblang leaf extract against the growth of P. acnes. Method: The study employed an experimental design with a posttest-only control group design. The treatment groups consisted of a positive control (clindamycin), a negative control (sterile distilled water), and jamblang leaf extract groups with concentrations of 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, and 6.25% (n=4). Data analysis was conducted using the One-Way ANOVA statistical test. Results: The jamblang leaf extract exhibited antibacterial potential against the growth of P. acnes. The extract showed strong antibacterial activity at concentrations of 100%, 50%, 25%, and 12.5%, and moderate antibacterial activity at a concentration of 6.25%. Conclusion: This suggests that jamblang leaf extract could be a promising alternative therapy for treating acne vulgaris, offering a natural solution to combat antibiotic resistance.
Genome analysis and prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Indonesian variants and the correlation with the outbreak timeline Maria Prevyolita Indra Muliawan; Timotius Christopher Tantokusumo; Amalda Siti Anisa; Kholis Abdurachim Audah
Acta Biochimica Indonesiana Vol. 7 No. 1 (2024): Acta Biochimica Indonesiana
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32889/actabioina.163

Abstract

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has undergone multiple mutations, leading to the development of various variants. Objective: To identify the genetic mutations associated with the transmission and virulence of SARS-CoV-2 variants in Indonesia and to examine their correlation with the outbreak timeline. Methods: We analyzed whole genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 wild type and variants isolated from Indonesian samples, sourced from GenBank and the GISAID EpiCoV database. The spike glycoprotein gene sequences were examined using the BLAST to identify nucleotide and amino acid changes. Additionally, we investigated the prevalence of these variants and their submission timelines on the GISAID database, correlating them with the outbreak timeline. Results: Our analysis identified nine amino acid changes in the alpha, beta, and delta variants, and three in the gamma variant, compared to the wild type. A correlation between the submission timelines of SARS-CoV-2 variants and the outbreak timeline indicated that the delta variant (B.1.617.2) likely contributed to the surge in COVID-19 cases from July to September 2021. Conclusion: Mutations were detected in each variant, emerging at distinct times, and are likely to influence transmission rates and virulence.
Heavy metals accumulation in lichens Parmeliaceae and mahogany bark as an indicator of air and pollution levels in several locations in Bandung City Putri Nurul Fitriyyah; Taufikurahman
Acta Biochimica Indonesiana Vol. 6 No. 2 (2023): Acta Biochimica Indonesiana
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32889/actabiona.169

Abstract

Background: Lichens and tree bark are well-known biomonitoring tools for accumulating pollutants in their tissues over an extended period. Objective: This study aims to determine the concentration of heavy metals accumulated in lichens and tree bark across various locations in Bandung City, analyze the impact of heavy metal accumulation on lichen diversity, and assess the lichen cover area on tree bark. Methods: Lichen and bark samples were collected from mahogany trees using plotless sampling at a height of 100 cm, employing a quadrat size of 20x32 cm² above the ground. A total of 25 sampling stations were distributed across five locations in Bandung City, including city parks, an urban forest park, and a bus station. The samples were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) to measure the concentration of heavy metals. Results: The results revealed that lichens and bark from Persib City Park (PCP) contained the highest concentration of chromium (Cr), with 17.08 μg/kg in lichens and 30.03 μg/kg in the bark, as well as lead (Pb), with 24.38 μg/kg in lichens and 15.49 μg/kg in the bark. Conversely, lichens and bark from Djuanda Forest Park (DFP) exhibited the lowest concentration of chromium (3.74 μg/kg in lichens and 3.56 μg/kg in the bark) and lead (3.74 μg/kg in lichens and 2.06 μg/kg in the bark). PCA analysis indicated that the accumulation of heavy metals in lichens and bark was associated with environmental factors, such as traffic density and bark pH. Conclusion: The accumulation of heavy metals in lichens and bark exhibited a negative correlation with lichen diversity and the area of lichen cover on the bark.
Development of RNA interference-based therapy for rare genetic diseases Milya Urfa Ahmad; Syarifah Dewi
Acta Biochimica Indonesiana Vol. 7 No. 1 (2024): Acta Biochimica Indonesiana
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32889/actabioina.171

Abstract

In December 2022, the Indonesian Ministry of Health projected that rare diseases might affect 8–10% of the population, equating to approximately 27 million people. These diseases, often congenital, are linked to genetic inheritance or mutations, leading to structural or functional defects. Despite advancements in diagnostic and treatment methods, many rare diseases remain challenging for healthcare practitioners. RNA interference (RNAi) presents a promising therapeutic approach by enabling the selective inhibition of genes responsible for genetic disorders. RNAi employs small RNA molecules, such as small interfering RNA (siRNA) and microRNA (miRNA), to bind specific mRNA molecules and prevent their translation into proteins. Current research showed that RNAi-based therapies have the potential to treat various genetic diseases, including acute hepatic porphyria (AHP) and primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1). However, the mechanisms of RNAi in hereditary disorders like AHP and PH1 require further documentation. RNAi offers several advantages, including gene-specific targeting, versatility in treating diverse genetic disorders, and scalability for mass production. Nonetheless, challenges remain, such as side effects, difficulties in targeting specific cells, and high development cost. Despite these obstacles, RNAi-based therapy holds significant potential for revolutionize the treatment of genetic disorders.
Estimation of D-dimer, C-reactive protein and ferritin in Covid-19 survivors in a North Indian Hospital, Lucknow, India. Chetna Singla; Dhananjay Tiwari; Himali Jha; Mohammad Mustufa Khan; Sadaf Parveen; Roshan Alam
Acta Biochimica Indonesiana Vol. 6 No. 2 (2023): Acta Biochimica Indonesiana
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32889/actabioina.172

Abstract

Background: Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a highly contagious disease. COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which was initially thought to affect only the upper respiratory tract, can affect almost all systems. COVID-19 survivors who are critically ill featured hyper inflammation and the associated biomarkers may be useful for risk stratification. Objective: We aimed to estimate the levels of several biomarkers, including serum C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, and serum ferritin in Covid-19 survivors to reduce the further disease complication and its-associated mortality. Method: This case-control study was conducted on COVID-19 survivors and a control group without a history of Covid-19. The D-dimer and Ferritin were determined by using Mini Vidas Immuno assay analyser and CRP was estimated Dimension RXL Siemens autoanalyzer by Particle Enhanced Turbidimetric Immunoassay. Results: The results indicated that CRP levels were higher in COVID-19 survivors compared to controls (p<0.0001). The mean of D-dimer was found to be elevated in COVID-19 survivors as compared to controls (p<0.0001). Similarly, the ferritin level was also found to be raised in COVID-19 survivors as compared to controls (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Results revealed that COVID-19 survivors had considerably higher mean levels of CRP, D-dimer, and ferritin than controls.

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