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Published by Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

ISSN : 01259318 EISSN : 18583768 DOI : -

Core Subject : Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

Menara Perkebunan as a communication medium for research in estate crops published articles covering original research result on the pre- and post-harvest biotechnology of estate crops. The contents of the articles should be directed for solving the problems of production and/or processing of estate crops of smallholder, private plantations and state-owned estates, based on the three dedications of plantation. Analyses of innovative research methods and techniques in biotechnology, which are important for advancing agricultural research. Critical scientific reviews of research result in agricultural and estate biotechnology.

Arjuna Subject : -

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Peningkatan kemantapan agregat tanah mineral oleh bakteri penghasil eksopolisakarida Aggregate stability improvement of mineral soil by exopolysaccharide-producing bacteria Laksmita Prima SANTI; Ai DARIAH; Didiek Hadjar GOENADI
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 76, No 2: Desember 2008
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Summary Pseudomonas fluorescens PG7II.1, Flavobacterium sp. PG7II.2, and Pseudomonas diminuta PG7II.9 have a potential to produce exopolysaccharide which help the formation and stabilization of soil aggregate. These bacteria have been isolated from the rhizosphere of Saccharum officinarum. Exopolysaccharide production in ATCC 14 liquid medium with sucrose was higher than that obtained from glucose, lactose, and 4-hydroxyphenil acetic acid (4-HAA) as a carbon sources. Producing of exopolysaccharide from these bacteria were 8.04 (P. fluorescens PG7II.1), 2.0 (Flavo-bacterium sp. PG7II.2) and 1.82 mg/mL (P. diminuta PG7II.9). Aggregate Stability Index (ASI) of mineral soil material was 114 when inoculated by these isolates after 60 days incubation period at ambient temperature. The ASI value of inoculated mineral soil material significantly different with uninoculated. The optimum of bacterial suspension to increase aggregate stability of mineral soil material was 12.5% (v/w) consisted of 109 CFU per mL. Ringkasan Pseudomonas fluorescens PG7II.1, Flavobacterium sp. PG7II.2, dan Pseudomonas diminuta PG7II.9, memiliki potensi dalam menghasilkan eksopolisakarida untuk pem-bentukan dan kemantapan agregat tanah. Ketiga bakteri tersebut diisolasi dari rhizosfer Saccharum officinarum. Sukrosa merupakan sumber karbon terbaik untuk produksi eksopolisakarida di dalam medium cair ATCC 14 apabila dibandingkan dengan glukosa, laktosa, dan 4-hydroxyphenil acetic acid (4-HAA). Eksopolisakarida yang dihasilkan dari ketiga bakteri tersebut masing-masing 8,04 (P. fluorescens PG7II.1); 2,0 (Flavobacterium sp. PG7II.2) dan 1,82 mg/mL (P. diminuta PG7II.9). Inokulasi ketiga isolat tersebut ke dalam bahan tanah mineral memberikan indeks stabilitas agregat (ASI) sebesar 114 setelah 60 hari inkubasi pada suhu ruang. Nilai indeks ini berbeda secara nyata apabila dibandingkan dengan bahan tanah mineral tanpa inokulan. Jumlah suspensi bakteri yang diperlukan untuk meningkatkan nilai indeks stabilitas agregat di dalam bahan tanah mineral secara optimum ialah 12,5% (v/b), dengan jumlah populasi bakteri 109 CFU per mL.

Respons tanaman kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) terhadap cekaman kekeringan Respons of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) to water stress Nurita TORUAN-MATHIUS; Gede WIJANA; Edi GUHARJA; Hajrial ASWIDINNOOR; Sudirman YAHYA; . SUBRONTO
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 69, No 2: Desember 2001
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

SummaryWater stress affect many physiological andbiochemical processes of oil palm. A series ofexperiments were conducted to characterize thewater stress-induced changes in physiologicalrespons of oil palm to water stress, in glass housecondition. The experiment consisted of (1)permanent leaf wilting point measured based onsoil water content, leaf water content, specificleaf area and leaf water potential . Plants wereconducted by termination of watering to theplants, and control plants were maintained wellwatered during 0,3,6,9,12,15,18 and 21 days ofMK356 and MK365 clones. Experiment (2)effect of water stress on changes of leaf waterpotential, protein bands pattern, proline,glycine-betaine, osmotical sugar, and abcisicacid (ABA) of MK356 and MK365 clones.Water stress was induced by termination ofwatering to the plants and maintained wellwatered during 0, 7,14, and 18 days.Experiment (3) changes of protein bands patternby total protein and electrophoresis SDS-PAGEand SDS-PAGE 2D protein. of H2(D10DxD8D)x(L9TxL2T); H12 (D8D Self) x(L9T x L2T). H3 and H9 (BJ028D x BJ2117P)hybrids. H2 and H12, H3 and H9 potentiallytolerant and untolerant to water stress,respectively. The results showed that permanentwilting point reached in 18 days of water stress.Water stress caused the decreased soil watercontent, leaf water potential, leaf water content,relative leaf water content , and relative leafarea of two clones. Water potential, leaf watecontent dan relative leaf water content ofMK365 decrease faster compare with MK356.Soil water content sharply decrease after 6 hoursand in 18 days of water stress leaf waterpotential value < - 2.55 Mpa. Proline, glycine-betaine and glucose content were affect by waterstress. Interaction among water stress and cloneswere significantly appear in stachiose content.Leaf water potential values decrease, whereasproline, ABA and glycine-betaine contentsincrease during water stress especially inMK356. Generally showed that ABA content inMK356 higher than MK 365. The differencesresponses of MK356 with MK 365 obtained fromprolin,xylose and ABA content. Induction of newprotein pI 4.7-36 kDa, pI5.3-34 kDa, pI 4.6-32kDa and pI 5.3-36 kDa obtained from hybridspotentially tolerant to water strees, none inuntolerant hybrids.RingkasanCekaman kekeringan mempengaruhiproses fisiologis dan biokimia tanaman kelapasawit. Serangkaian percobaan bertujuan untukmengkarakterisasi perubahan fisiologis tanamankelapa sawit terhadap cekaman kekeringan,dalam kondisi rumah kaca telah dilakukan.Percobaan terdiri atas (1) penetapan titik layupermanen, berdasarkan perubahan potensial airdaun, kadar air daun, kadar air daun relatif, danluas daun relatif dengan perlakuan tanpa dandengan penyiraman selama 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18dan 21 hari. Percobaan (2) penetapan perubahankadar prolin, glisin-betain, gula-gula osmotikaldan asam absisik (ABA), terhadap cekamankekeringan. Perlakuan adalah tanpa dan denganpenyiraman selama 0, 7, 14, dan 18 hari.Percobaan (3) analisis perubahan pola pita proteindaun hibrida H2 (D10DxD8D)x(L9TxL2T); H12(D8D Self) x (L9T x L2T). H3 dan H9 (BJ028Dx BJ2117P) terhadap cekaman kekeringan dengantotal protein, dan pola pita protein dengan SDSPAGE dan SDS-PAGE 2D. H2 dan H12 serta H3dan H9 masing-masing berpotensi toleran danpeka terhadap cekaman kekeringan. Hasil yangdiperoleh menunjukkan bahwa titik layupermanen dicapai pada hari ke 18 setelah dibericekaman kekeringan. Cekaman kekeringanmenurunkan kadar air tanah media tumbuh,potensial air daun, kadar air daun, kadar air daunrelatif, dan luas daun relatif untuk kedua klon.Potensial air daun, kadar air daun dan kadar airdaun relatif klon MK365 menurun lebih cepatdibandingkan dengan klon MK356. Kadar airtanah menurun tajam setelah 6 hari dibericekaman air dan potensial air daun mencapai<-2.55 MPa pada 18 hari setelah diberi cekaman.Cekaman kekeringan nyata berpengaruh terhadapkadar prolin, glisin betain dan glukosa. Interaksiantar lama cekaman kekeringan dan perbedaanklon diperoleh pada perubahan gula stahiosa.Tampak bahwa semakin menurun nilai potensialair daun menyebabkan kadar prolin semakinmeningkat. Hal yang sebaliknya terjadi terhadapkadar glisin-betain yang mengalami penurunanterutama untuk klon MK356. Kadar ABAMK356 dan MK365 meningkat sejalan dengansemakin lama diberi cekaman. Secara umumtampak bahwa kadar ABA pada MK356 lebihtinggi dibandingkan dengan MK 365. Perbedaanrespons klon MK356 dengan MK 365 terjadipada kadar prolin, gula silosa dan ABA.Hibridaberpotensi toleran memberikan respon terhadapcekaman kekeringan dengan menginduksi proteinbaru pI 4,7-36 kDa, pI5,3-34 kDa, pI 4,6-32 kDadan pI 5,3- 36 kDa, sedangkan pada hibridayang berpotensi peka protein tersebut tidakditemukan

Dinamika populasi Trichoderma harzianum DT38 pada campuran arang hayati tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) dan gambut Population dinamic of Trichoderma harzianum DT38 on mixture of empty fruit bunches of oil palm (EFBOP) biochar and peat Irma KRESNAWATY; Sayhas SUHADA; Asmini BUDIANI; T W DARMONO
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 80, No 1: Juni 2012
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Abstract Biochar offers option for managing land as a source of carbon and soil conditioner. The ability of biochar in increasing soil fertility associates with its ability to retain water, reduce soil acidity, and keep the availability of essential nutrients for plant thus increasing crop produc-tivity, and reducing the risk of soil erosion. Biochar is also substance to provide a suitable environment for the growth of beneficial microbes, including an isolate of Trichoderma harzianum used in this study, that has been proven capable in stimulating plant growth and suppressing soil borne diseases. The purpose of this research was to determine the in vitro compatibility of T. harzianum DT38, Indonesia Biotech-nology Research Institute for Estate Crop (IBRIEC) collection, in mixtures of EFBPO biochar and peat during 28 days. This research was performed in completely randomized design with single factor, comprising of five formulas: 1) 100% EFBOP biochar (K1), 2) 100% peat (K2), 3) Mixture of EFBOP biochar and peat = 1 : 4 (F1), 4) Mixture of EFBOP biochar and peat= 1 : 8 (F2), dan 5) Mixture of EFBOP biochar and peat= 1 : 12 (F3). The colony forming units were determined after storage to express the amount of fungal propaguls in each mixture. The results was analized using one-way ANOVA test and Duncan Test. Result showed that the total of T. harzianum DT38 propaguls was not significantly difference among five mixture preparations tested during 0 and 7 days storage. The total propaguls were insignificantly difference between F1 and K2, and also between F2 and F3in 14, 21 and 28 days incubation. Peat addition on biochar increased the total of T. harzianum DT38 propaguls during 28 days incubation. The total propaguls which are remain high in F1, F2 and F3 formula up to 28 days storage indicating that the mixtures suitable for microbe media and biofertilizer formula.Abstrak Penggunaan arang hayati (biochar) merupakan alternatif pengelolaan tanah terutama sebagai penyedia karbon dan pembenah tanah. Kemampuan biochar dalam meningkatkan kesuburan tanah berhubungan dengan kemampuannya untuk menahan air, mengurangi keasaman tanah, menjaga keter-sediaan nutrien yang penting bagi tanaman sehingga mening-katkan produktivitas tanaman, serta mengurangi resiko erosi tanah. Arang hayati juga berperan dalam menyediakan ling-kungan yang cocok untuk pertumbuhan mikroba, ter-masuk isolat Trichoderma harzianum yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dan teruji mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman dan mengendalikan penyakit tular tanah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kompatibilitas T. harzianum DT38 koleksi BPBPI pada bahan pembawa berupa campuran biochar tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) dan gambut selama penyimpanan 28 hari secara in vitro. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) untuk menguji lima perlakuan, yaitu : 1) 100% biochar TKKS (K1), 2) 100% gambut (K2), 3) Campuran biochar TKKS dan gambut 1 : 4 (F1), 4) Campuran biochar TKKS dan gambut 1 : 8 (F2), dan 5) Campuran biochar TKKS dan gambut 1 : 12 (F3). Hasil pengamatan pada penyimpanan 0 dan 7 hari menunjukkan bahwa jumlah propagul T. harzianum DT38 dari berbagai formula tidak berbeda nyata. Jumlah propagul antara formula F1 dan K2, serta F2 dan F3 tidak berbeda nyata pada penyim-panan 14, 21 dan 28 hari. Penambahan gambut pada biochar TKKS dapat meningkatkan jumlah propagul T. harzianum DT 38 selama penyimpanan 28 hari secara in vitro. Jumlah propagul T. harzianum DT38 pada media F1, F2 dan F3 selama penyimpanan 28 hari masih memenuhi jumlah minimal propagul dalam bahan pembawa yang menunjukkan bahwa media ini sesuai untuk pertumbuhan mikroba dan berpotensi sebagai formula pupuk hayati.

Optimasi produksi enzim ligninolitik dari medium limbah produksi Pleurotus ostreatus menggunakan metode respons permukaan (Optimization of ligninolytic enzyme production from Pleurotus ostreatus medium waste production using surface response methodology Urip PERWITASARI; Firda DIMAWARNITA; Shanti RATNAKOMALA
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 86, No 1 (2018): April, 2018
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

White rot fungi Pleurotus ostreatus has long been produced on a large scale for human consumption. This fungi is known to produce ligninolytic enzymes. The aim of this study was to utilize waste fungal medium from empty fruit bunch oil palm (EFBOP) for production of ligninolytic enzymes. Determination of the optimal conditions in this study used the design of statistical experiments Response Surface Method (RSM) with Design Expert® 10 software. Variables used in this research were EFBOP composition (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 %), part baglog (top, middle, bottom), and time of incubation (1, 2, and 3 month). The highest lignin peroxidase activity was 1.72 U/mL obtained on baglog composition with 50% EFBOP the top past of baglog after 2 months incubation. The highest manganese peroxidase activity was 23.00 U/mL obtained on baglog composition with 100% EFBOP at the bottom of baglog after 3 months incubation and the highest laccase activity was 0.14 U/mL on baglog composition with 100% EFBOP the top past of baglog after 1 month.[Keywords: Pleurotus ostreatus, ligninolytic enzyme, fungal medium waste, response surface methodology]. AbstrakJamur pelapuk putih Pleurotus ostreatus telah lama diproduksi skala besar untuk dikonsumsi. Jamur ini diketahui mampu menghasilkan enzim ligninolitik. Selama ini medium limbah produksi P. ostreatus belum dimanfaatkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan medium limbah produksi jamur tiram yang berbahan dasar tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) untuk produksi enzim ligninolitik. Penentuan kondisi optimal pada penelitian ini menggunakan desain eksperimen statistika Metode Respons Permukaan (Response Surface Method (RSM)) dengan software Design Expert® 10. Variabel yang digunakan dalam riset ini adalah konsentrasi TKKS (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 %), bagian baglog (atas, tengah, dan bawah), dan waktu inkubasi (1, 2, dan 3 bulan). Aktivitas lignin peroksidase tertinggi diperoleh pada medium dengan komposisi 50% medium pada bagian atas baglog setelah 2 bulan inkubasi dengan aktivitas sebesar 1,72 U/mL. Aktivitas mangan peroksidase tertinggi diperoleh pada medium komposisi 100% TKKS pada bagian bawah baglog setelah 3 bulan inkubasi sebesar 23,00 U/mL, dan lakase tertinggi pada medium komposisi 100% TKKS pada bagian atas baglog setelah 1 bulan inkubasi, yaitu sebesar 0,14 U/mL.[Kata kunci: Pleurotus ostreatus, enzim ligninolitik, limbah media jamur, Metode Respons Permukaan]

Produksi dan stabilisasi desaturase dari Absidia corymbifera Production and stabilization of desaturases from Absidia corymbifera . TRI-PANJI; . SUHARYANTO; A W PAULUS; K SYAMSU; A M FAUZI
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 70, No 2: Desember 2002
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

SummaryDesaturases are enzymes which catalyze desaturation process on carbon chain of fatty acids into unsaturated fatty acids useful for healthy oil. Desaturases could be produced from Absidia corymbifera and applied for increasing unsaturation level and crude palm oil (CPO) quality. Desaturases have been known as very unstable enzymes. The objective this research was to determine carbon sources and culture time for optimum desaturase production, fatty acid composition resulted from desaturase bioconversion, and methods for stabilization of desaturase from A. corymbifera. Results showed that desaturases from A. corymbifera are intracellular enzymes that reached the highest activity in Serrano-Careon medium with C sources of a mixture of sucrose and paraffin (0.14 U/mL) and C sources of molasses (0.11 U/mL) incubated for 76 and 120 hours respectively. Activity of ∆6 and ∆12 desaturases have been detected in culture filtrate of A. corymbifera. Activiy of ∆12 desaturase was confirmed by increasing of linoleic acid in CPO incubated with culture filtrate and biomass extract, while activity of ∆6 was detected by its conversion as much as 66.48 % linoleic acid into gamma linolenic acid (GLA) that having high economic value. Precipitation of culture filtrate and lipid extraction of biomass were unable to stabilize desaturases. Desaturase degradation rate could be inhibited by isolation and washing of microsome fraction using high salt buffer. This method could stabilize desaturases 70-80% from initial activity at storage temperature 25o C and 50 o C for 6 hours. RingkasanDesaturase merupakan enzim yang berperan dalam proses desaturasi rantai karbon asam lemak menjadi asam lemak tak jenuh yang banyak manfaatnya bagi kesehatan. Desaturase dapat dihasilkan dari Absidia corymbifera dan diamplifikasikan untuk peningkatan ketidakjenuhan dan kualitas minyak sawit mentah (CPO). Enzim desaturase dikenal sangat tidak stabil. Penelitian bertujuan menetapkan sumber karbon dan waktu kultur yang memberikan aktivitas desaturase tertinggi, komposisi asam lemak hasil konversi desaturase dan cara menstabilkan desaturase dari A. corymbifera. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa desaturase dari A. corymbifera merupakan enzim intraselular yang mencapai aktivitas tertinggi pada medium Serrano-Careon dengan sumber karbon campuran sukrosa dan parafin (0,14 U/mL) dan sumber karbon molases (0,11 U/mL) masingmasing pada inkubasi selama 76 dan 120 jam. Aktivitas ∆6 dan ∆12 desaturase terdeteksi pada cairan fermentasi A. corymbifera. Aktivitas ∆12 desaturase terdeteksi dari peningkatan persentase asam linoleat pada CPO yang telah diinkubasi dengan cairan fermentasi atau ekstrak biomassa, sedangkan aktivitas ∆6 desaturase terdeteksi dari dikonversinya sebesar 66,48% asam linoleat menjadi asam gamma linolenat (GLA) yang memiliki potensi nilai ekonomis lebih tinggi. Pengendapan filtrat kultur fermentasi dan ekstraksi lipida biomassa tidak mampu menstabilkan desaturase. Laju degradasi desaturase dapat dihambat dengan cara isolasi dan pencucian fraksi mikrosom dengan bufer garam. Cara tersebut dapat mempertahankan aktivitas desaturase 70–80% pada penyimpanan suhu 25o C dan 50o C selama enam jam.

Evaluation of eleven reference genes for Reverse Transcriptase Quantitative PCR of rubber tree under water deficit Evaluasi sebelas gen referensi untuk Reverse Transcriptase Quantitative PCR pada tanaman karet tercekam kekeringan Riza Arief PUTRANTO; Julie LECLERCQ; Pascal MONTORO
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 83, No 2: Desember 2015
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

AbstrakReverse Transcriptase Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) merupakan teknik yang sangat ampuh untuk mendeteksi jumlah mRNA yang rendah dalam sel tanaman. Pengukuran akumulasi transkrip tersebut relatif terhadap kontrol ekspresi seperti gen-gen housekeeping. Keandalan teknik RT-qPCR ber-gantung pada pemilihan kontrol internal yang disebut pula gen referensi. Hal tersebut menjadi alasan kenapa validasi gen referensi disarankan untuk setiap set sampel cDNAs yang akan diguna-kan pada eksperimen RT-qPCR baru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis stabilitas sebelas gen-gen housekeeping terpilih pada tiga organ Hevea brasiliensis (daun, kulit batang dan akar) tercekam kekeringan moderat selama 15 hari. RNA total diisolasi dari 18 sampel yang terdiri dari tanaman kontrol dan tercekam kekeringan pada hari ke-0 (D0), ke-5 (D5) dan ke-15 (D15). Kualitas cDNA yang disintesis divalidasi dengan amplifikasi PCR menggunakan primer HbActin. Kesebelas pasangan primer penyandi gen-gen housekeeping pada Hevea (HbActin, HbelF1Aa, HbUBC4, HbUBC2b, HbYLS8, HbRH2b, HbRH8, HbUBC2a, HbαTub, Hb40S dan HbUBI) divalidasi dengan amplifikasi PCR. Nilai Crossing-point (Cp) yang diukur dengan metode derivatif kedua pasca analisis RT-qPCR mengungkapkan nilai rerata Cp yang lebih tinggi secara signifikan untuk kesebelas gen housekeeping pada titik sampling D5 dibanding D0 dan D15. Studi ini menyarankan bahwa metode perhitungan koefisien keragaman (CV) sederhana dapat digunakan untuk menentu-kan peringkat gen referensi pada tanaman karet berdasarkan ekspresinya yang stabil. Lima gen housekeeping (HbRH2b, HbRH8, HbUBC4, HbαTUB dan HbActin) dapat digunakan sebagai gen referensi untuk analisis RT-qPCR pada Hevea brasiliensis yang tercekam kekeringan moderat. Gen HbRH2b memiliki ekspresi paling stabil dibanding yang lain.AbstractReverse Transcriptase Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is a powerful technique in order to detect low abundance of mRNA in the plant cell. The measurement of transcript abundance is relative to the control of expression such as housekeeping genes. Therefore, the reliability of RT-qPCR depends essentially to the choice of these internal controls also called reference genes. That is the reason why a prior validation of reference genes is suggested for every set of cDNA samples used in a new RT-qPCR experiment. This study aimed to analyze the stability of eleven selected house-keeping genes in three Hevea brasiliensis tissues (leaf, bark and root) under15 days of moderate water deficit. Total RNA was isolated from 18 samples consisting of control and stressed-plants collected at day-0 (D0), day-5 (D5) and day-15 (D15).The quality of cDNA synthesized was examined by PCR using HbActin primer. The eleventh primers encoding Hevea housekeeping genes (HbActin, HbelF1Aa, HbUBC4, HbUBC2b, HbYLS8, HbRH2b, HbRH8, HbUBC2a, HbαTub, Hb40S and HbUBI) were validated using PCR amplification. The Crossing-point (Cp) values were measured using a second derivative method after RT-qPCR analysis revealing a significantly higher Cp mean values for 11 housekeeping genes at D5 compared to D0 and D15 sampling points. This study suggests that a simple coefficient of variation (CV) method can be used to rank Hevea reference genes based on its stable expression. Five housekeeping genes (HbRH2b, HbRH8, HbUBC4, HbαTUB and HbActin) can be used for RT-qPCR analysis in Hevea brasiliensis under moderate water deficit. The HbRH2b gene was the most stable among others.

Purification, characterization, and bioassay of putative protease inhibitors from Hevea brasiliensis latex Riza Arief PUTRANTO; . SISWANTO; Agustin Sri MULYATNI; Asmini BUDIANI; Radite TISTAMA
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 84, No 2 (2016): Desember 2016
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Lateks yang menyerupai cairan susu putih diperoleh dari penyadapan kulit batang tanaman karet (Hevea brasiliensis). Lateks merupakan sitoplasma dari jaringan pembuluh bernama latisifer yang didalamnya terkandung berbagai macam komponen, termasuk protein-protein penting. Berbagai jenis enzim yang memiliki fungsi terkait pertahanan tanaman dari serangan patogen dan pelukaan telah berhasil dideteksi di dalam lateks, di antaranya protease inhibitor (PI). Protease inhibitor memiliki aktivitas senyawa antifungi sehingga berpotensi untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai biofungisida. Pada penelitian ini, protease inhibitor putatif yang berasal dari serum B (lutoid) lateks tanaman karet telah berhasil diisolasi menggunakan teknik Ion Exchange Chroma-tography. Dari total 70 fraksi protein yang diekstrak dari kolom, hanya 26 fraksi yang menunjukkan kadar protein yang terukur. Kandungan protease inhibitor putatif yang di-peroleh berkisar antara 0,0067 hingga 0,022 mL/g serum B dari hasil 3 fraksi terpilih. Aktivitas penghambatan terhadap empat enzim protease (subtilisin A, tripsin, α-kimotripsin, dan papain) menunjukkan karakteristik protease inhibitor putatif tersebut sebagai serine dan/atau cysteine inhibitor protease dengan persentase hambatan di atas 15% terhadap protease target. Hasil SDS-PAGE memperlihatkan pemisahan protein dominan yang diperkirakan merupakan protease inhibitor putatif dengan berat molekul sebesar 21,5 kDa. Uji bioassay aktivitas antifungi secara in vitro dari protease inhibitor memperlihatkan penghambatan pertumbuhan miselium dari fungi Ganoderma boninense, Sclerotium sp., dan Rigidosporus lignosus. [Kata kunci : protease inhibitor, Hevea brasiliensis, lateks, serum B, ion exchange chromatography]AbstractLatex, a milky white liquid, is the main product from rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). Latex is the cytoplasm of complex cellular networks named laticifers in which it contains many different components, including important proteins. Various types of enzymes carrying functions associated with plant defense against pathogen and wounding have been detected in latex in which one of these enzymes is protease inhibitor (PI). Plant protease inhibitor has tremendous potential as an antifungal agent which can be developed as biofungicide. In this work, protease inhibitors from B-serum (lutoid) of rubber tree latex were isolated and purified using Ion Exchange Chromatography (IEC) technique. Of the total 70 fractions of proteins extracted from the columns, only 26 fractions showed measurable levels of protein. The concentration of obtained putative protease inhibitors (three fractions of IEC) ranged from 0.007 to 0.022 mL/g B-serum. Inhibitory activity against four protease enzymes (subtilisin A, trypsin, α-chymotrypsin, and papain) showed the characteristics of Hevea putative protease inhibitors from B-serum as serine and/or cysteine protease inhibitors with more than 15% inhibitory activity of target protease. Based on SDS-PAGE visualization, the molecular weight of dominant protein considered as Hevea putative protease inhibitors was 21.5 kDa. In vitro bioassay test of antifungal activity for Hevea putative protease inhibitors showed reduced mycelium growth of Ganoderma boninense, Sclerotium sp., and Rigidosporus lignosus.[Keywords: protease inhibitor, Hevea brasiliensis, latex, B-serum, ion exchange chromatography]

Alkaline pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification of oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber for ethanol production 1) Pengolahan awal dengan basa NaOH dan sakarifikasi enzimatis serat tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) untuk produksi etanol Yanni SUDIYANI; Kiky C SEMBIRING; Hendris HENDARSYAH; Syarifah ALAWIYAH
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 78, No 2: Desember 2010
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Abstract Alkaline pretreatment of oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) fiber was conducted to improve enzymatic sacchari-fication of EFB fiber for ethanol production. EFB as one of the major biomass wastes from palm oil industry is a complex lignocellulosic material consists of 41.3 – 46.5% of cellulose, 25.3 – 33.8% of hemicellulose and 27.6 – 32.5% of lignin. Alkali pretreatment of EFB using NaOH 1 N with temperature at 30 and 600C and reaction times of 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 minutes were investigated. Furthermore, the enzymatic saccharification of pretreated EFB was examined. The pretreated substrate was subjected to an enzymatic saccharification using meicelase (10, 20 and 40 FPU/g substrate) at 400C, pH 4.5, 100 rpm for conversion of cellulose and hemicellulose in palm oil EFB to monomeric sugars. The alkali pretreatment of EFB using NaOH can significantly improve the enzymatic saccharification of EFB by removing more lignin and hemicellulose and increasing its accessibility to hydrolytic enzymes. The results showed that the optimum pretreatment condition was NaOH 1 N at 300C and 90 minutes with the optimum component loss of lignin and hemicellulose was 45.8 % and 35.6 % respectively. The saccharification of EFB pretreated by NaOH 1 N (at 300C and 90 minutes) for 45 hours and pH 4.5 resulted in optimum saccharification of 63.8 %. Abstrak Pengolahan awal (pretreatment) serat tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) dengan basa NaOH telah dilakukan untuk meningkatkan sakarifikasi enzimatik TKKS menjadi etanol. TKKS merupakan bahan lignoselulosa yang terdiri dari selulosa 41,3– 46,%, hemicellulosa 25,3 – 33,8% dan lignin 27,6 – 32,5%. Pretreatment TKKS dilakukan dengan NaOH 1 N dengan variasi suhu 300 dan 600C dan variasi waktu 30, 60, 90, 120 dan 150 menit. Konversi selulosa dan hemiselulosa hasil pretreatment TKKS menjadi gula dilaku-kan dengan sakarifikasi enzimatik menggunakan enzim meiselase (10, 20 dan 40 FPU/g substrat) pada suhu 400C, pH 4,5 dengan shaker 100 rpm. Pretretament TKKS dengan basa NaOH dapat meningkatkan sakarifikasi enzimatik dengan berkurangnya lignin dan hemiselulosa secara signifikan dan memudahkan masuknya enzim hidrolitik. Hasil pretreatment dengan NaOH 1N pada suhu 300C dan 90 menit menunjukkan kondisi optimum untuk penghilangan lignin dan hemiselulosa berturut-turut sebesar 45,8 % and 35,6 %. Hasil sakarifikasi optimum yaitu 63,8 % dicapai setelah 45 jam sakarifisi pada pH 4,5.

Kompatibilitas sambung mikro Cinchona ledgeriana dengan C. succirubra berdasarkan anatomi dan elektroforesis SDS- PAGE protein daerah pertautan Compatibility of micrografting Chincona ledgeriana and C. succirubra based on anatomy and SDS-PAGE protein electrophoresis of union area Nurita TORUAN-MATHIUS; . LUKMAN; . AGUS - PURWITO
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 75, No 2: Desember 2007
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

SummaryRootstocks and scions interaction causesdifferent responses within individuals of scionfrom the same clone. The objectives of thisresearch were to determine compatible anduncompatible combinations of micrograftingbetween Cinchona succirubra A, andC. succirubra B with C. ledgeriana QRC205and Cib5 clones, based on anatomy structureand SDS-PAGE protein bands pattern ofstem at union area between rootstock andscion. The research was arranged in aCompletely Randomized Design, withrootstock/scion combinations CSA/QRC205,CSA/Cib5, CSB/QRC205, CSB/Cib5 and as acontrols were the combination of CSA/CSA,CSB/CSB, QRC205/QRC205, Cib5/Cib5, succiand ledger seedlings with the same age. Effectof rootstocks on scion was studied based onanatomy structure of the union area betweenrootsocks and scions and SDS-PAGE proteinbands pattern. The results showed that theunion of stem between rootstocks and scionwas initiated by callus formation, cellsdifferentiation and the vascular vesselsformation. The anatomy of stem union area ofCSA/QRC205 as a compatible combination ofrootsotck and scion was the same asunmicrografted plantlet. At uncompatiblecombination CSB/Cib5 showed the formationof stone cells as a line along stem cyrcle atunion area and heavely callus formation atoutside of rootstock and scion stems. SDS-PAGE protein bands pattern from thecompatible combination was the same asplanlet control. On the otherhand, from theuncompatible combinations CSB/Cib5 werefound protein degradation and the formation ofnew proteins with molecular weight 21 and 30kD.RingkasanInteraksi batang bawah dengan batangatas menimbulkan berbagai keragaman responsantar individu batang atas dari klon yang sama.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk me-netapkan kombinasi yang kompatibel denganyang tidak kompatibel antara kina klonCinchona succirubra A, dan C. succirubra Bdengan C. ledgeriana klon QRC205 danCib5, berdasarkan anatomi dan pola pitaSDS-PAGE protein daerah pertautan antarabatang atas dengan batang bawah. Percobaandisusun dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkapkombinasi yang diuji adalah CSA/QRC205,CSA/Cib5, CSB/QRC205, CSB/Cib5 dengankombinasi kontrol CSA/CSA, CSB/CSB,QRC205/QRC205, Cib5/Cib5, tanaman kinasucci dan ledger tanpa sambungan denganumur yang sama. Pengamatan dilakukanterhadap struktur anatomi daerah pertautanantar batang bawah dengan batang atas danpola pita protein SDS-PAGE batang atas. Hasilyang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa tahapanpemulihan daerah pertautan penyambunganbatang bawah dengan batang atas diawalidengan pembentukan kalus, diferensiasi sel danterbentuknya jaringan ikatan pembuluhgabungan. Kombinasi antar batang bawahdengan batang atas yang kompatibel yaituCSA/QRC205 memperlihatkan strukturanatomi daerah pertautan yang serupa denganstruktur anatomi batang planlet yang tidakdisambung. Pada kombinasi yang tidak kom-patibel yaitu CSB/Cib5 pada daerah pertautanterbentuk sel-sel batu berbentuk garis yangmemanjang di tengah lingkaran batang. Disamping itu pada daerah pertautan terbentukkalus yang berlebih ke arah luar baik padabatang atas maupun batang bawah. Padakombinasi yang kompatibel pola pita proteinsama dengan planlet kontrol. Pada kombinasiyang tidak kompatibel yaitu kombinasiCSB/Cib5 terjadi degradasi protein danpembentukan protein baru dengan beratmolekul sekitar 21dan 30 kD

Eksplorasi dan karakterisasi bakteri aerob ligninolitik serta aplikasinya untuk pengomposan tandan kosong kelapa sawit Exploration and characterization of ligninolytic aerobic bacteria and its application in composting oil palm empty fruit bunch Haryo Tejo PRAKOSO; Happy WIDIASTUTI; . SUHARYANTO; . SISWANTO
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 82, No 1: Juni 2014
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

AbstractLignin is a complex compounds that makes up the cell walls of plants and is quite difficult to degrade at normal ambient condition. One of the organic materials with high lignin content is empty fruit bunches (EFB) of oil palm. So far, the well-studied microorganism to degrade lignin is of a class of fungi. Utilization of bacteria to degrade lignin in EFB has rarely been reported although application of the bacteria is very important if it is associated with aerobic composting which requires regular turning process and supporting clean development mechanism (CDM). The objective of this study was to explore and characterize the bacteria having capability to degrade lignin in EFB. The result showed that from 14 types of sample, 12 and 11 isolates were obtained through non enrichment and enrichment methods respectively. Qualitative test was performed using a lignin derivative dye (methylene blue/MB) suspended in Luria Bertani (LB) solid media and the formation of the clear zone was observed, while quantitative assay was performed with enzyme activity assays of laccase (Lac), manganese peroxidase (Mn-P), and lignin peroxidase (Li-P). The best isolate (FS isolate) was obtained from enrichment method that able to make 0.6 cm clear zone of LB media + MB and actively produced laccase, manganese peroxidase with and without addition of Mn with an activity of 2.68, 20.02, and 0.36 U/mL, respectively. While the best isolate from non enrichment method was CRK 1, that was able to make 0.3 cm clear zone and produced Mn-peroxidase with and without addition of Mn as much as 2.09 and 0.23 U/mL, respectively. Application of the decomposer formula could speed upthe declining rate of C/N ratio and suppressing Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp.in EFB compost produced. Abstrak Lignin merupakan senyawa kompleks yang menyusun dinding sel tanaman dan cukup sulit didegradasi secara alami. Salah satu bahan organik yang mempunyai kadar lignin tinggi adalah tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS). Sejauh ini, mikroorganisme yang banyak dipelajari dalam mendegradasi lignin adalah dari golongan jamur. Peng-gunaan bakteri dalam mendegradasi lignin pada TKKS belum banyak dilaporkan walaupun peran bakteri lignino-litik aerob sangat penting jika dikaitkan dengan proses pengomposan secara aerob yang membutuhkan pembalikan secara berkala danprogram clean development mechanism (CDM). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi dan meng-karakterisasi bakteri yang berpotensi mendegradasi lignin dalam pengomposan TKKS. Dari 14 jenis sampel diperoleh sebanyak 12 dan 11 isolat melalui metode tanpa dan dengan pengkayaan. Uji kualitatif dilakukan dengan mengukur terbentuknya zona bening pada media Luria Bertani (LB) padat yang mengandung senyawa warna turunan lignin (biru metilen/MB).Uji kuantitatif dilakukan dengan mengukur aktivitaslakase, Mn-peroksidase, dan lignin peroksidase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa isolat FS merupakan isolat terbaik dari metode pengkayaan yang mampu membentuk zona bening pada medium LB + MB 0,6 cm, sedangkan isolat terbaik dari metode tanpa pengkayaan adalah CRK 1 dengan zona bening 0,3 cm pada medium yang sama setelah inkubasisemalam. Isolat FS memiliki aktivitas lakase, Mn-peroksidase dengan dan tanpa Mn berturut-turut adalah sebesar 2,68; 20,02; dan0,36 U/mL, sedangkan isolat CRK 1 memiliki aktivitas Mn-peroksidase dengan dan tanpa Mnberturut-turut adalah 2,09 dan 0,23 U/mL. Aplikasi formula dekomposer pada pengompos-an 200 ton TKKS mampu mempercepat laju penurunan nisbah C/N dan menekan populasi Escherichia coli dan Salmonella sp.

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Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Hayati Minarsih

Contact Email menaraperkebunanppbbi@gmail.org

Phone -

Journal Mail Official menaraperkebunan@iribb.org

Editorial Address Jalan Taman Kencana No.1 Bogor 16128, Jawa Barat

Location Kab. bogor, Jawa barat INDONESIA

Abstract

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Contact Name
Hayati Minarsih

Contact Email
menaraperkebunanppbbi@gmail.org

Phone
-

Journal Mail Official
menaraperkebunan@iribb.org

Editorial Address
Jalan Taman Kencana No.1 Bogor 16128, Jawa Barat

Location
Kab. bogor,

Jawa barat

INDONESIA