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WHEN INTOLERANT LANGUAGE CROWDS THE FEED: HOW DIGITAL DISCOURSES RECONSTRUCT RELIGIOUS FREEDOM IN INDONESIA Hanipah, Heni; Djou, Dakia N.; Muslimin
Harmoni Vol. 24 No. 2 (2025): July-December
Publisher : Research and Development Center for Guidance for Religious Societies and Religious Services, the Research and Development and Education and Training Agency of the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia (MORA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32488/harmoni.v24i2.929

This study explores how intolerant language circulating on TikTok and Instagram reshapes public understandings of religious freedom in Indonesia. Although previous research has mapped hate speech forms or explored media–religion relations, few studies have integrated linguistic, pragmatic, and ideological analyses to explain how intolerance operates as symbolic power in digital environments. This research addresses that gap by analysing how intolerant expressions are produced, circulated, and interpreted within high-engagement online controversies. The study employs a descriptive qualitative design using Critical Discourse Analysis and social pragmatics. The dataset consists of 480 comment units from 130 public accounts on TikTok, Instagram, and X, complemented by 12 online news texts collected between January 2023 and August 2025. Analytical procedures include linguistic categorisation, pragmatic mapping of speech acts, and ideological interpretation of discursive power. The findings show, first, that intolerant language functions as a symbolic authority that reinforces moral hegemony and marginalises alternative religious viewpoints. Second, algorithmic amplification shifts religious freedom from a rights-based principle toward a visibility-driven performance shaped by emotional engagement. Third, counter‑discourses promoting respect and equality receive limited circulation, indicating an asymmetrical discursive ecology. These results suggest that digital platforms not only host but also structure negotiations of religious freedom. The study concludes that strengthening critical linguistic literacy and improving content governance are essential for safeguarding pluralism in Indonesia’s digital public sphere. Abstrak Penelitian ini mengkaji bagaimana bahasa intoleran yang beredar di TikTok dan Instagram membentuk ulang pemahaman publik mengenai kebebasan beragama di Indonesia. Meskipun penelitian sebelumnya telah memetakan bentuk ujaran kebencian atau menelaah hubungan antara media dan agama, hanya sedikit studi yang mengintegrasikan analisis linguistik, pragmatik, dan ideologis untuk menjelaskan bagaimana intoleransi beroperasi sebagai kekuatan simbolik dalam lingkungan digital. Penelitian ini mengisi kekosongan tersebut dengan menganalisis bagaimana ekspresi intoleran diproduksi, disirkulasikan, dan ditafsirkan dalam kontroversi daring yang memiliki tingkat interaksi tinggi. Studi ini menggunakan desain kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan Analisis Wacana Kritis dan pragmatik sosial. Dataset terdiri atas 480 unit komentar dari 130 akun publik di TikTok, Instagram, dan X, dilengkapi dengan 12 teks berita daring yang dikumpulkan antara Januari 2023 hingga Agustus 2025. Prosedur analisis meliputi kategorisasi linguistik, pemetaan tindak tutur secara pragmatik, dan interpretasi ideologis terhadap dinamika kekuasaan dalam wacana. Temuan menunjukkan, pertama, bahwa bahasa intoleran berfungsi sebagai otoritas simbolik yang memperkuat hegemoni moral dan meminggirkan pandangan keagamaan alternatif. Kedua, amplifikasi algoritmik menggeser kebebasan beragama dari prinsip berbasis hak menuju performativitas yang ditentukan oleh visibilitas dan resonansi emosional. Ketiga, wacana tandingan yang mempromosikan rasa hormat dan kesetaraan memperoleh sirkulasi yang terbatas, menandakan ekologi wacana yang tidak seimbang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa platform digital tidak hanya menjadi ruang ekspresi, tetapi juga struktur yang membentuk negosiasi kebebasan beragama. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa penguatan literasi linguistik kritis dan peningkatan tata kelola konten sangat penting untuk menjaga pluralisme dalam ruang publik digital Indonesia

MINISTRY BEYOND TOLERANCE: REFRAMING INTERFAITH HARMONY THROUGH KURIKULUM BERBASIS CINTA (KBC) IN INDONESIA Cahyati, Sri; Encep Syarief Nurdin; Yadi Ruyadi; Asep Dahliyana; Mupid Hidayat; Warlim; Kama Abdul Hakam; Ganjar Muhammad Ganeswara
Harmoni Vol. 24 No. 2 (2025): July-December
Publisher : Research and Development Center for Guidance for Religious Societies and Religious Services, the Research and Development and Education and Training Agency of the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia (MORA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32488/harmoni.v24i2.946

Interfaith harmony remains a critical challenge in Indonesia’s plural society, where intolerance persists despite normative policy frameworks. Existing scholarship has rarely provided a systematic conceptual model linking Islamic compassion-based values to measurable indicators of harmony. Addressing this gap, this study examines the Ministry of Religious Affairs’ Kurikulum Berbasis Cinta (Love-Based Curriculum, KBC) and its relevance to strengthening tolerance, acceptance of difference, non-violence, and interreligious harmony. A qualitative descriptive design was employed, combining a systematic literature review of policy documents, peer-reviewed journal articles, and theoretical works. Data were extracted using a structured template and coded deductively around the values of mahabbah, rahmah, and amanah, and inductively to capture emergent themes. The analysis followed PRISMA guidelines to ensure transparency and rigor. Findings indicate three key contributions. First, KBC provides a coherent normative foundation that integrates spiritual, social, and ecological dimensions of education. Second, the values of mahabbah and rahmah are conceptually linked to empathy, tolerance, and conflict resolution, while amanah reinforces ecological responsibility and shared moral accountability. Third, the framework demonstrates that religious moderation can emerge as an outcome of KBC, moving beyond doctrinal instruction toward dialogical and inclusive practices. This study concludes that KBC offers a novel conceptual framework for embedding affective and ethical values into education. Future research should empirically test its implementation to assess its effectiveness in fostering sustainable interfaith harmony and social cohesion. ABSTRAKKerukunan antarumat beragama tetap menjadi tantangan krusial dalam masyarakat majemuk Indonesia, di mana intoleransi masih bertahan meskipun telah tersedia kerangka kebijakan normatif. Kajian sebelumnya jarang menyajikan model konseptual yang sistematis yang menghubungkan nilai-nilai berbasis cinta dalam Islam dengan indikator harmoni yang terukur. Untuk mengisi kekosongan tersebut, penelitian ini menelaah Kurikulum Berbasis Cinta (KBC) yang digagas Kementerian Agama serta relevansinya dalam memperkuat toleransi, penerimaan perbedaan, anti-kekerasan, dan kerja sama antaragama. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif kualitatif dengan tinjauan sistematis terhadap dokumen kebijakan, studi akademik dan karya teoretis. Data diekstraksi menggunakan templat terstruktur dan dikodekan secara deduktif berdasarkan nilai mahabbah, rahmah, dan amanah, serta secara induktif untuk menangkap tema-tema baru. Analisis mengikuti pedoman PRISMA guna memastikan transparansi dan ketelitian. Temuan menunjukkan tiga poin utama. Pertama, Kurikulum Berbasis Cinta menyediakan landasan normatif yang koheren dengan mengintegrasikan dimensi spiritual, sosial, dan ekologis pendidikan. Kedua, nilai mahabbah dan rahmah terkait secara konseptual dengan empati, toleransi dan resolusi konflik; sedangkan amanah memperkuat tanggung jawab ekologis dan akuntabilitas moral bersama. Ketiga, kerangka ini menunjukkan bahwa moderasi beragama dapat muncul sebagai hasil dari pedagogi berbasis cinta, melampaui pengajaran doktrinal menuju praktik dialogis dan inklusif. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa Kurikulum Berbasis Cinta menawarkan kerangka konseptual baru untuk mengintegrasikan nilai afektif dan etis dalam pendidikan. Penelitian lanjutan perlu menguji implementasinya secara empiris guna menilai efektivitasnya dalam membangun kerukunan antarumat beragama dan kohesi sosial yang berkelanjutan.

COMMUNAL TOLERANCE AND THE POLITICS OF NON-MUSLIM HOUSES OF WORSHIP IN CILEGON, INDONESIA EXTENDING JEREMY MENCHIK’S THEORY OF COMMUNAL TOLERANCE Ismail; Hamdani; Arif Zamhari; Muhammad Adlin Sila; Harapandi Dahri
Harmoni Vol. 25 No. 1 (2026): January-June
Publisher : Research and Development Center for Guidance for Religious Societies and Religious Services, the Research and Development and Education and Training Agency of the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia (MORA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32488/harmoni.v25i1.880

This study examines the social dynamics and institutional barriers involved in establishing non-Muslim houses of worship in Cilegon City, Banten Province, Indonesia. Unlike prior case studies that rely primarily on legal-administrative analysis, this research combines legal and sociocultural approaches to examine how formal regulation, collective social memory, and local politics interact to shape religious tolerance in a Muslim-majority city. Using an intrinsic case study design, data were collected from 15 purposively sampled informants through in-depth interviews, field observation, and document review conducted between March 2022 and December 2024, with analysis completed by July 2025; data were analyzed thematically. The findings identify three interrelated factors that sustain the absence of permanent non-Muslim houses of worship: (1) the historical narrative of the 1888 Geger Cilegon uprising, which continues to shape perceptions of religious exclusivity; (2) a widely shared, undocumented narrative of an institutional agreement between PT Krakatau Steel and local Islamic leaders that is treated as a moral constraint on religious zoning; and (3) limited public understanding of Joint Ministerial Regulation (PBM) No. 9 and 8 of 2006, which is interpreted through social and moral frameworks rather than administrative procedure. Together, these factors sustain a negotiated arrangement — termed here adaptive tolerance — in which minority worship is informally accommodated while remaining symbolically restricted. Conceptually, this study extends Jeremy Menchik’s theory of communal tolerance by showing how historical and bureaucratic memory, rather than interreligious solidarity alone, structures the boundaries of tolerance. The findings inform two policy directions: (1) participatory, village- and sub-district-based socialization of PBM regulations, and (2) the development of standardized mediation protocols within the Forum for Religious Harmony (FKUB) to strengthen inclusive religious coexistence. Abstrak Penelitian ini mengkaji dinamika sosial dan hambatan kelembagaan dalam proses pendirian rumah ibadah non-Muslim di Kota Cilegon, Banten. Berbeda dengan studi kasus sejenis yang umumnya menggunakan pendekatan hukum administratif, penelitian ini memadukan pendekatan hukum dan sosiokultural untuk mengkaji bagaimana regulasi formal, memori sosial kolektif, dan politik lokal saling berinteraksi dalam membentuk toleransi beragama di kota yang mayoritas penduduknya beragama Islam. Dengan desain studi kasus intrinsik, data dikumpulkan dari 15 informan yang dipilih secara purposif melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi lapangan, dan telaah dokumen yang dilaksanakan pada Maret 2022–Desember 2024, dan analisis data diselesaikan pada Juli 2025; data dianalisis secara tematik. Hasil penelitian mengidentifikasi tiga faktor yang saling terkait dan mempertahankan ketiadaan rumah ibadah non-Muslim permanen: (1) narasi historis peristiwa Geger Cilegon 1888 yang terus membentuk persepsi eksklusivitas keagamaan; (2) narasi yang diyakini luas namun tidak terdokumentasi mengenai perjanjian kelembagaan antara PT Krakatau Steel dan tokoh Islam setempat, yang diperlakukan sebagai batasan moral atas zonasi keagamaan; dan (3) lemahnya pemahaman publik terhadap Peraturan Bersama Menteri (PBM) No. 9 dan 8 Tahun 2006, yang dimaknai melalui kerangka sosial dan moral, bukan prosedur administratif. Ketiga faktor ini bersama-sama mempertahankan sebuah pengaturan yang dinegosiasikan — disebut di sini sebagai toleransi adaptif — yang mengakomodasi ibadah minoritas secara informal namun tetap membatasinya secara simbolik. Secara konseptual, penelitian ini memperluas teori toleransi komunal Jeremy Menchik dengan menunjukkan bahwa memori historis dan birokratis, selain solidaritas antarumat beragama, turut membentuk batas-batas toleransi. Temuan ini berimplikasi pada dua arah kebijakan: (1) sosialisasi PBM yang partisipatif berbasis desa/kelurahan, dan (2) pengembangan protokol mediasi yang terstandardisasi dalam Forum Kerukunan Umat Beragama (FKUB) guna memperkuat koeksistensi keagamaan yang inklusif.

FROM CLICKS TO EXCLUSIVITY: SOCIAL MEDIA ALGORITHMS AND RELIGIOUS POLARIZATION AMONG MADRASAH YOUTH IN JAKARTA Ade Fitriyanti; Abdul Hamid Busthami Nur
Harmoni Vol. 25 No. 1 (2026): January-June
Publisher : Research and Development Center for Guidance for Religious Societies and Religious Services, the Research and Development and Education and Training Agency of the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia (MORA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32488/harmoni.v25i1.954

The growth of algorithm-driven social media has reshaped how Muslim youth in Indonesia access religious knowledge and form religious attitudes, raising concerns for religious moderation and social harmony in a plural society. This study examines the influence of social media algorithmic exposure on religious polarization among madrasah students and explores how this dynamic relates to authority, openness, and interfaith implications. Employing a mixed-methods sequential explanatory design, the quantitative phase surveyed 300 students from eight madrasahs (Madrasah Aliyah and Tsanawiyah) in East and North Jakarta selected through proportionate stratified random sampling, using a validated five-point Likert questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha = 0.86). The qualitative phase comprised in-depth interviews with twelve students and three Islamic Education teachers, which were analysed thematically and integrated with the survey results through a joint display. Simple linear regression showed a significant positive effect of algorithmic exposure on religious polarization (β = 0.559; R² = 0.312; p < 0.001). Students with higher exposure exhibited more exclusive attitudes and lower openness to differing views, while recommendation systems on YouTube and TikTok reinforced echo chambers and shifted religious authority from teachers toward digital figures. The study proposes the concept of “algorithmic religiosity” to describe a religious orientation shaped by the selection and amplification logic of platforms. Because the design is correlational and exposure was self-reported, the findings imply, rather than directly demonstrate, risks to interfaith openness; a concrete implication is embedding algorithmic literacy and religious moderation content within madrasah curricula, delivered in formats able to compete with the engagement logic of social media platforms. Abstrak Perkembangan media sosial berbasis algoritma telah mengubah cara remaja Muslim Indonesia mengakses pengetahuan agama dan membentuk sikap keberagamaan, sehingga menimbulkan tantangan bagi moderasi beragama dan keharmonisan sosial dalam masyarakat yang plural. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh paparan algoritma media sosial terhadap polarisasi keagamaan di kalangan siswa madrasah serta mengkaji keterkaitannya dengan otoritas, keterbukaan, dan implikasi antaragama. Dengan desain mixed-methods sequential explanatory, tahap kuantitatif mensurvei 300 siswa dari delapan madrasah (Aliyah dan Tsanawiyah) di Jakarta Timur dan Jakarta Utara yang dipilih melalui proportionate stratified random sampling, menggunakan kuesioner skala Likert lima tingkat yang telah divalidasi (Cronbach's alpha = 0,86). Tahap kualitatif berupa wawancara mendalam terhadap dua belas siswa dan tiga guru Pendidikan Agama Islam, dianalisis secara tematik dan diintegrasikan dengan hasil survei melalui joint display. Regresi linier sederhana menunjukkan pengaruh positif yang signifikan dari paparan algoritma terhadap polarisasi keagamaan (β = 0,559; R² = 0,312; p < 0,001). Siswa dengan paparan tinggi menunjukkan sikap yang lebih eksklusif dan keterbukaan yang lebih rendah, sementara sistem rekomendasi YouTube dan TikTok memperkuat ruang gema dan menggeser otoritas keagamaan dari guru ke figur digital. Penelitian ini mengajukan konsep “keberagamaan algoritmik” untuk menjelaskan orientasi religius yang dibentuk oleh logika seleksi dan amplifikasi pada platform. Karena desain penelitian bersifat korelasional dan paparan diukur melalui laporan diri, temuan ini mengimplikasikan, bukan membuktikan secara langsung, adanya risiko terhadap keterbukaan antaragama; implikasi konkretnya adalah perlunya mengintegrasikan literasi algoritmik dan konten moderasi beragama ke dalam kurikulum madrasah dengan format yang mampu bersaing dengan logika keterlibatan pada platform media sosial.

MICRO-GOVERNANCE OF RELIGIOUS DIVERSITY IN SEGREGATED URBAN SPACES: CONFLICT DE-ESCALATION IN TAMAN KOPO INDAH, BANDUNG Muhammad Mufti Sulthanan Nasira; Uwes Fathoni; Hafizh Dhiya Ulhaq
Harmoni Vol. 25 No. 1 (2026): January-June
Publisher : Research and Development Center for Guidance for Religious Societies and Religious Services, the Research and Development and Education and Training Agency of the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia (MORA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32488/harmoni.v25i1.983

This case study investigates the intermediary strategies employed by a local administrative authority in managing interfaith conflict within the spatially segregated residential community of Taman Kopo Indah, Bandung, Indonesia. Employing a qualitative intrinsic case study design with process tracing analysis, this research examines the de-escalation mechanisms activated following a mass congregation triggered by alleged blasphemy in a residential area characterized by demographic and religious divisions. While existing scholarship on Indonesian interfaith conflict resolution has largely centered on religious figures such as kiai and formal institutions such as the Religious Harmony Forum (FKUB), the role of secular local administrative actors as mediators within spatially segregated residential communities remains underexplored. Three primary informants were engaged: the Head of Neighborhood Unit (RW) 16, the leadership of the Persatuan Islam (Persis) Bojonghaur congregation, and the administrators of Baiturrahmaan Mosque. Drawing on Kriesberg’s Constructive Conflict theory, this case demonstrates the potential role of four tactical strategies in de-escalation: (1) Gatekeeping, which restricted external actor intervention; (2) Saving Face, through a symbolic public apology; (3) Information Filtering, by leveraging organizational command structures to halt the spread of inflammatory social media content; and (4) Re-framing, by redefining the incident as a medical rather than theological matter. This study suggests that in segregated urban spaces where formal religious mediators lack operational reach, secular local administrators may function as insider-partial mediators, offering an empirical framework for micro-level governance of religious diversity. However, the resulting stability constitutes negative peace rather than substantive interfaith integration. Abstrak Penelitian ini mengkaji strategi intermediary yang diterapkan oleh otoritas administratif lokal dalam mengelola konflik antaragama di komunitas Taman Kopo Indah yang tersegregasi secara spasial di Bandung, Indonesia. Menggunakan desain studi kasus intrinsik kualitatif dengan analisis process tracing, penelitian ini menelaah mekanisme de-eskalasi pascapengepungan massa yang dipicu dugaan penistaan agama di kawasan perumahan dengan kontras demografis dan keagamaan yang tajam. Meskipun kajian tentang resolusi konflik antaragama di Indonesia selama ini terfokus pada tokoh agama seperti kiai dan lembaga formal seperti Forum Kerukunan Umat Beragama (FKUB), peran otoritas administratif lokal yang sekuler sebagai mediator dalam komunitas perumahan tersegregasi secara spasial belum pernah dikaji secara memadai. Tiga informan utama dilibatkan: Ketua RW 16, pimpinan Jemaah Persatuan Islam (Persis) Bojonghaur, dan pengurus Masjid Baiturrahmaan. Berlandaskan teori Konflik Konstruktif Kriesberg, temuan mengungkap empat strategi taktis: (1) Gatekeeping, membatasi intervensi aktor eksternal; (2) Saving Face, melalui permintaan maaf simbolis di depan publik; (3) Penyaringan Informasi, memanfaatkan struktur komando organisasi untuk menghentikan penyebaran konten provokatif di media sosial; dan (4) Re-framing, mendefinisikan ulang insiden sebagai masalah medis, bukan teologis. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa administrator lokal sekuler dapat berperan sebagai mediator insider-partial yang efektif, menawarkan kerangka empiris tata kelola mikro keragaman beragama. Namun stabilitas yang tercipta merupakan perdamaian negatif yang dipertahankan melalui eksklusi sosial, bukan integrasi antaragama yang substantif.

POST-TOLERANCE ERA: REPOSITIONING RELIGIOUS HARMONY GOVERNANCE AMID DIGITAL IDENTITY POLARIZATION IN INDONESIA Theguh Saumantri; Sukron Kamil; Hajam; Taufik Hidayatulloh
Harmoni Vol. 25 No. 1 (2026): January-June
Publisher : Research and Development Center for Guidance for Religious Societies and Religious Services, the Research and Development and Education and Training Agency of the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia (MORA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32488/harmoni.v25i1.1030

The transformation of the digital public sphere has reshaped interreligious interactions and intensified identity polarization, challenging conventional approaches based solely on tolerance and regulation. In plural societies such as Indonesia, these changes influence interfaith dialogue, religious discourse in digital spaces, and social relations among religious communities. The rise of algorithm-driven fragmentation, echo chambers, and the shift of legitimacy from institutional authority to digital influence reflects a significant transformation in religious harmony governance. This study examines how interfaith interaction is patterned within Indonesia's digital public sphere and how religious harmony governance can be repositioned in response to digital identity polarization. Using a descriptive-analytical qualitative approach centred on digital discourse analysis, the study examines 96 posts and 620 user comments collected from X, YouTube, and Facebook between July and December 2025. Data were examined through reduction, coding, discourse analysis, and thematic analysis to identify dominant narratives and meaning-making processes in online religious discussions. The findings indicate that religious harmony can no longer rely solely on stability-oriented approaches based on control and reactive mediation. Instead, it requires collaborative governance that promotes trust-building, digital literacy, and the active participation of multiple stakeholders, including government institutions, religious organizations, civil society, and digital platforms. Building on these findings, the study proposes the post-tolerance era as an analytical framework and develops the Adaptive Religious Harmony Governance model, in which formal tolerance alone is treated as insufficient to sustain social cohesion. Adaptive and participatory mechanisms are needed to respond to the dynamics of digital communication and strengthen constructive interfaith engagement. Abstrak Transformasi ruang publik digital telah merekonfigurasi pola interaksi antarumat beragama dan memunculkan polarisasi identitas yang tidak lagi dapat direspons secara memadai melalui pendekatan toleransi normatif dan regulasi administratif. Dalam masyarakat majemuk seperti Indonesia, dinamika ini memengaruhi kualitas interaksi lintas iman, baik dalam bentuk dialog antaragama, pertukaran wacana keagamaan di ruang digital, maupun relasi sosial antar komunitas keagamaan. Fragmentasi wacana berbasis algoritma, menguatnya echo chamber, serta pergeseran legitimasi dari otoritas institusional menuju resonansi digital menunjukkan adanya perubahan struktural dalam tata kelola kerukunan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pergeseran paradigma kerukunan antarumat beragama menuju apa yang disebut sebagai post-tolerance era serta merumuskan model reposisi tata kelola yang adaptif dalam menghadapi polarisasi identitas digital. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif-analitik dengan fokus pada analisis wacana digital terhadap 96 unggahan utama dan 620 komentar pengguna dari platform X, YouTube, dan Facebook yang dikumpulkan pada Juli-Desember 2025. Analisis data dilakukan melalui tahapan reduksi data, kodefikasi, analisis wacana digital (digital discourse analysis), serta analisis tematik untuk mengidentifikasi pola naratif dan konstruksi makna dalam diskursus keagamaan di ruang digital. Temuan penelitian menjelaskan bahwa kerukunan antarumat beragama tidak lagi dapat dipertahankan melalui model stabilitas berbasis kontrol dan mediasi reaktif semata, melainkan memerlukan governance kolaboratif berbasis jaringan yang menekankan trust-building, literasi digital, serta keterlibatan multi-aktor yang mencakup negara, institusi keagamaan lintas iman, organisasi masyarakat sipil, dan platform digital sebagai arena interaksi antaragama. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, penelitian ini merumuskan post-tolerance era merupakan fase transformasi konseptual dan mengembangkan model Adaptive Religious Harmony Governance, di mana toleransi formal tidak lagi cukup menjaga kohesi sosial dalam relasi lintas agama, tanpa mekanisme deliberatif yang adaptif terhadap struktur komunikasi digital dan mampu memfasilitasi dialog interfaith yang lebih partisipatif.

ECO-INTERRELIGIOUS DIALOGUE IN DAILY RELIGIOUS PRAXIS: A PERSPECTIVE OF ORGANIC FARMERS IN CENTRAL JAVA Chlaodhius Budhianto; Rinda Fauzian; Matroni; Nurfah; Munadzir
Harmoni Vol. 25 No. 1 (2026): January-June
Publisher : Research and Development Center for Guidance for Religious Societies and Religious Services, the Research and Development and Education and Training Agency of the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia (MORA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32488/harmoni.v25i1.1049

This research aims to explore the dynamics of eco-interreligious dialogue through the approach of everyday religion, particularly in the context of organic farming. This research examines how organic farmers in Central Java integrate religious values into their ecological practices, how they relate to farmers of different faiths, how they manage the environment, and how they interact with others. This research approach uses ethnography, with data collected through field research including participatory observation, interviews, and documentation of Muslim and Christian farmers, focusing on organic farmers in Batur Village, Getasan, Central Java. The research results show that organic farming is a form of religious practice in which concern for the environment is closely linked to religious commitment. The farmers' views on land as sacred and their moral responsibility toward nature are strongly influenced by their religious teachings, though these are understood and practiced in different ways. Additionally, this research also highlights the role of eco-interreligious dialogue in building cooperation among farmers from different religious backgrounds. Although tensions sometimes arise, this dialogue facilitates mutual understanding and shared responsibility in religious practices and environmental preservation. However, this research also identifies contradictions in religious narratives that hinder the achievement of a consistent theological stance toward interfaith and ecology. This research suggests that eco-interreligious dialogue should develop not only on doctrinal agreements but more on real religious experiences through the harmony of religious practices, especially in maintaining ecological sustainability. Through this approach, this research contributes to a broader understanding of how religion and ecology interact in daily life and provides insights into future religious harmony and interfaith environmental cooperation. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi dinamika dialog antaragama yang berwawasan lingkungan melalui pendekatan agama sehari-hari, khususnya dalam konteks pertanian organik. Penelitian ini meneliti bagaimana petani organik di Jawa Tengah mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai agama ke dalam praktik ekologi mereka, bagaimana mereka berhubungan dengan petani dari berbagai keyakinan, bagaimana mereka mengelola lingkungan, dan bagaimana mereka berinteraksi dengan orang lain. Pendekatan penelitian ini menggunakan etnografi, dengan data yang dikumpulkan melalui penelitian lapangan termasuk observasi partisipatif, wawancara, dan dokumentasi petani Muslim dan Kristen, yang berfokus pada petani organik di Desa Batur, Getasan, Jawa Tengah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertanian organik adalah bentuk praktik keagamaan di mana kepedulian terhadap lingkungan sangat terkait dengan komitmen religius. Pandangan para petani tentang tanah sebagai suci dan tanggung jawab moral mereka terhadap alam sangat dipengaruhi oleh ajaran agama mereka, meskipun ini dipahami dan dipraktikkan dengan cara yang berbeda. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menyoroti peran dialog antaragama ekologis dalam membangun kerjasama di antara petani dari latar belakang agama yang berbeda. Meskipun kadang-kadang muncul ketegangan, dialog ini memfasilitasi saling pengertian dan tanggung jawab bersama dalam praktik keagamaan dan pelestarian lingkungan. Namun, penelitian ini juga mengidentifikasi kontradiksi dalam narasi-narasi keagamaan yang menghambat pencapaian sikap teologis yang konsisten terhadap antaragama dan ekologi. Penelitian ini menyarankan bahwa dialog antaragama yang berfokus pada ekologi harus berkembang tidak hanya pada kesepakatan doktrinal tetapi lebih pada pengalaman religius yang nyata melalui harmoni praktik keagamaan, terutama dalam menjaga keberlanjutan ekologi. Melalui pendekatan ini, penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pemahaman yang lebih luas tentang bagaimana agama dan ekologi berinteraksi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dan memberikan wawasan tentang harmoni agama di masa depan serta kerja sama lingkungan antaragama.

PARASOCIAL PIETY AND RELIGIOUS HARMONY: AUTHORITY AND MEDIA LITERACY IN INDONESIAN DIGITAL DAKWAH Alan Munandar; Ari Santoso Widodo Poespodihardjo; Hillary Tasya Medina
Harmoni Vol. 25 No. 1 (2026): January-June
Publisher : Research and Development Center for Guidance for Religious Societies and Religious Services, the Research and Development and Education and Training Agency of the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia (MORA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32488/harmoni.v25i1.1072

Indonesia's rapid digital expansion has transformed how Muslims access religious guidance, enabling digital preachers to build asymmetrical, emotionally significant bonds with millions of followers, a phenomenon this study conceptualizes as parasocial piety. In Indonesia's plural democratic society, where religious moderation (moderasi beragama) is a national policy priority, these parasocial dynamics carry consequential implications for social cohesion, interfaith discourse, and digital religious authority. This study explains the communicative mechanisms through which parasocial piety emerges in Indonesian digital dakwah, assesses its effects on religious moderation and social cohesion, and formulates an applied religious media literacy framework as an intervention response. Using an interpretive qualitative design with an integrative literature review, the article synthesizes peer-reviewed scholarship published mainly between 2021 and 2026, covering digital dakwah, parasocial interaction and relationship theory, Digital Islam, religious moderation, and digital religious literacy. Sources were selected through systematic screening following SALSA criteria, yielding a final corpus of 44 peer-reviewed journal articles. Findings identify five platform-conditioned mechanisms, including rhythmic presence, visual authority, and commodification of piety, that jointly produce mediated religious influence capable of both supporting and weakening religious moderation and inclusive discourse. The study contributes an original three-level ethical literacy framework for creators, audiences, and institutional ecosystems, with direct relevance to religious harmony policy in Indonesia's plural digital public sphere. Abstrak Ekspansi digital yang pesat di Indonesia telah mengubah cara umat Muslim mengakses bimbingan agama, memungkinkan dai digital membangun ikatan satu arah yang bermakna secara emosional dengan jutaan pengikut, fenomena yang dikonseptualisasikan dalam studi ini sebagai parasocial piety. Dalam masyarakat Indonesia yang plural dan demokratis, di mana moderasi beragama menjadi prioritas kebijakan nasional, dinamika parasosial ini membawa implikasi serius terhadap kohesi sosial, wacana lintas agama, dan otoritas keagamaan digital. Studi ini menjelaskan mekanisme komunikatif kemunculan parasocial piety dalam dakwah digital Indonesia, mengkaji dampaknya terhadap moderasi beragama dan kohesi sosial, serta merumuskan kerangka literasi media keagamaan terapan sebagai respons intervensi. Dengan desain kualitatif interpretatif dan integrative literature review, artikel ini mensintesis karya ilmiah peer-reviewed yang dipublikasikan dominan antara 2021 hingga 2026, mengenai dakwah digital, teori interaksi dan relasi parasosial, Digital Islam, moderasi beragama, dan literasi digital keagamaan. Sumber dipilih melalui penyaringan sistematis berdasarkan kriteria SALSA, sehingga menghasilkan korpus akhir sebanyak 44 artikel jurnal peer-reviewed. Temuan mengidentifikasi lima mekanisme berbasis platform, termasuk kehadiran ritmis, otoritas visual, dan komodifikasi kesalehan, yang secara bersama menghasilkan pengaruh keagamaan termediasi yang dapat sekaligus mendukung dan melemahkan moderasi beragama serta wacana inklusif. Studi ini berkontribusi melalui kerangka literasi etis tiga level bagi kreator, audiens, dan ekosistem institusional, dengan relevansi langsung terhadap kebijakan kerukunan beragama dalam ruang publik digital plural Indonesia.

SACREDNESS, SOCIAL COHESION, AND RELIGIOUS HARMONY: PUNDEN NYAI PANDAN SARI AS A SYMBOLIC ECOLOGICAL SPACE AMID INDUSTRIAL EXPANSION IN MOJOKERTO miftakhur ridlo; Dafi Dinansyah Wiradimadja; Antazula Naja Nasrullah; Adinda Dwi Agustina; Afrida Lailiya Hani; Dina Setiawati
Harmoni Vol. 25 No. 1 (2026): January-June
Publisher : Research and Development Center for Guidance for Religious Societies and Religious Services, the Research and Development and Education and Training Agency of the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia (MORA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32488/harmoni.v25i1.1073

This study examines Punden Nyai Pandan Sari in Unengan Hamlet, Sekargadung Village, Mojokerto Regency, as a sacred space that mediates ecological ethics amid industrial expansion. Drawing on symbolic ecology, sacred natural site studies, and lived religion, the study addresses the gap between research on industrial ecology, sacred natural sites, and lived religion by asking how local sacredness shapes social cohesion, religious harmony, and symbolic ecological resistance. Using a qualitative case study with environmental ethnography, data were collected over two months of fieldwork, participatory observation, documentation, and ten semi-structured interviews with the punden custodian, village figures, a religious leader, residents, youth, and pilgrims, and were then analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings show that oral traditions about Nyai Pandan Sari, Punden Kemloko as the “vehicle” symbol, Snake Cave narratives, pilgrimage, tahlil, tawasul, and unwritten prohibitions construct the punden as a symbolic ecological space. Its sacredness governs everyday behavior by encouraging visitors and residents to maintain cleanliness, respect the trees, avoid damaging the area, and follow visiting etiquette. Rather than producing direct opposition to industry, the punden supports non-confrontational ecological resistance through care, memory, ritual, and collective participation. The study contributes to religious harmony and environmental studies by showing that local wisdom can transform sacred space into a moral-cultural boundary that links humans, God, ancestors, community, and nature. It suggests that village-based governance should recognize such spaces as cultural and ecological assets while avoiding excessive claims beyond ethnographic evidence for communities experiencing rapid spatial and socio-economic transformation in industrial villages today. Abstrak Penelitian ini mengkaji Punden Nyai Pandan Sari di Dusun Unengan, Desa Sekargadung, Kabupaten Mojokerto, sebagai ruang sakral yang memediasi etika ekologi di tengah ekspansi industri. Mengacu pada ekologi simbolik, studi situs alam suci, dan agama hidup, studi ini membahas kesenjangan antara penelitian tentang ekologi industri, situs alam suci, dan agama hidup dengan menanyakan bagaimana kesakralan lokal membentuk kohesi sosial, harmoni beragama, dan perlawanan ekologis simbolis. Dengan menggunakan studi kasus kualitatif dengan etnografi lingkungan, data dikumpulkan selama dua bulan kerja lapangan melalui observasi partisipatif, dokumentasi, dan sepuluh wawancara semi-terstruktur dengan penjaga punden, tokoh desa, tokoh agama, warga, pemuda, dan peziarah, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik. Temuan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa tradisi lisan tentang Nyai Pandan Sari, Punden Kemloko sebagai simbol "kendaraan", narasi Gua Ular, ziarah, tahlil, tawasul, serta larangan tidak tertulis untuk membangun punden sebagai ruang ekologis simbolis. Kesakralannya mengatur perilaku sehari-hari dengan mendorong pengunjung dan penduduk untuk menjaga kebersihan, menghormati pepohonan, menghindari kerusakan area, serta mematuhi etika kunjungan. Alih-alih menghasilkan oposisi langsung terhadap industri, pakar mendukung perlawanan ekologis non-konfrontatif melalui perawatan, ingatan, ritual, dan partisipasi kolektif. Studi ini berkontribusi pada keharmonisan agama dan studi lingkungan dengan menunjukkan bahwa kearifan lokal dapat mengubah ruang suci menjadi batas moral-budaya yang menghubungkan manusia, Tuhan, leluhur, komunitas, dan alam. Ini menyarankan bahwa tata kelola berbasis desa harus mengakui ruang tersebut sebagai aset budaya dan ekologis, sambil menghindari klaim berlebihan di luar bukti etnografi, bagi masyarakat yang mengalami transformasi spasial dan sosial-ekonomi yang cepat di desa-desa industri saat ini.

PREVENTING MAJORITARIAN VETO IN HOUSE OF WORSHIP LICENSING: A HUMAN RIGHTS-BASED DUE PROCESS MODEL Adhe Ismail Ananda; La Ode Dedihasriadi; Pery Rehendra Sucipta; Yeni Haerani; Arie Ekawie Baskhoro
Harmoni Vol. 25 No. 1 (2026): January-June
Publisher : Research and Development Center for Guidance for Religious Societies and Religious Services, the Research and Development and Education and Training Agency of the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia (MORA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32488/harmoni.v25i1.1075

This article examines majoritarian veto in house-of-worship licensing in Indonesia, defined as a condition in which majority pressure or preferences de facto replace administrative legal standards in permit decisions. The problem arises from the gap between constitutional guarantees of religious freedom and worship, technical licensing rules under the 2006 Joint Ministerial Regulation, and local discretion, which is not always subject to measurable procedural safeguards. This study aims to formulate a human rights-based due process model that prevents licensing mechanisms from becoming instruments of exclusion against religious minorities. It employs normative legal research with statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, drawing on constitutional provisions, PBM 2006, academic literature, and contextual case materials, including a 2026 licensing dispute in Kupang City. Legal materials and academic literature were collected through document study and analyzed through normative harmonization, human rights testing, and procedural due process assessment. The findings identify three main vulnerabilities: community support requirements and religious harmony forum recommendations that may function as social vetoes; fragmented local procedures that may produce delay-as-denial; and public order arguments used without objective indicators. The article contributes to religious freedom and diversity governance scholarship by conceptualizing majoritarian veto as a form of procedural discrimination and proposing national minimum procedural standards, public consultation as impact mapping, documented step-by-step procedures, mandatory reason-giving, and time-bound administrative remedies. Local discretion is legitimate only when used for evidence-based technical assessment, while religious harmony must be built through procedural justice, accountability, and equal protection of constitutional rights. Abstrak Artikel ini mengkaji veto mayoritas dalam perizinan rumah ibadah di Indonesia, yang didefinisikan sebagai kondisi ketika tekanan atau preferensi mayoritas secara de facto menggantikan standar hukum administratif dalam pengambilan keputusan perizinan. Masalah ini muncul dari kesenjangan antara jaminan konstitusional atas kebebasan beragama dan beribadah, aturan perizinan teknis berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Bersama 2006, dan diskresi lokal, yang tidak selalu tunduk pada perlindungan prosedural yang terukur. Studi ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan model proses hukum berbasis hak asasi manusia yang mencegah agar mekanisme perizinan tidak menjadi instrumen eksklusi terhadap minoritas agama. Studi ini menggunakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan hukum, konseptual, dan kasus, yang mengacu pada ketentuan konstitusional, PBM 2006, literatur akademis, dan materi kasus kontekstual, termasuk sengketa perizinan tahun 2026 di Kota Kupang. Materi hukum dan literatur akademis dikumpulkan melalui studi dokumen dan dianalisis melalui harmonisasi normatif, pengujian hak asasi manusia, serta penilaian terhadap proses hukum secara prosedural. Temuan mengidentifikasi tiga kerentanan utama: persyaratan dukungan masyarakat dan rekomendasi forum harmoni beragama yang dapat berfungsi sebagai veto sosial; Prosedur lokal yang terfragmentasi dapat menghasilkan penundaan sebagai penolakan; dan argumen ketertiban umum yang digunakan tanpa indikator objektif. Artikel ini berkontribusi pada kajian kebebasan beragama dan tata kelola keragaman dengan mengonseptualisasikan veto mayoritas sebagai bentuk diskriminasi prosedural serta mengusulkan standar prosedural minimum nasional, konsultasi publik untuk memetakan dampaknya, prosedur langkah demi langkah yang terdokumentasi, pemberian alasan yang wajib, dan upaya hukum administratif yang terikat waktu. Diskresi lokal hanya sah bila digunakan untuk penilaian teknis berbasis bukti, sementara harmoni beragama harus dibangun melalui keadilan prosedural, akuntabilitas, dan perlindungan yang sama terhadap hak-hak konstitusional.

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Contact Name
-

Contact Email
-

Phone
-

Journal Mail Official
-

Editorial Address
-

Location
Kota adm. jakarta pusat,

Dki jakarta

INDONESIA