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Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University Jalan Veteran (Kampus Sumbersari) Malang 65145 Tel. (0341) 569117ext 156, 173 ; Fax. (0341) 564755 Website : http://www.pji.ub.ac.id Email :pji@ub.ac.id
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INDONESIA
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 2461114X     EISSN : 2461114X     DOI : https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.pji
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia (PJI) is an online journal which is published twice a year by Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University. The articles published in PJI cover the themes of Clinical and Community Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Technology, and Natural Product Pharmacy/Chemistry.
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Lain-Lain)
Articles 155 Documents
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A Review of Mechanism of Action of Moringa oleifera as an Inhibitor of Adipogenesis in Obesity Gigih Andy Putra, Achmad; Louisa, Melva
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 9 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2023.009.01.9

Abstract

Background: Obesity has been becoming a global health problem that could cause the emergence ofmany other diseases. Several strategies are used to treat obesity, including lifestyle modifications,anti-obesity medications (pharmacotherapy), bariatric surgery, and gut microbiota transplantation.Pharmacotherapy is an effective treatment method and is often chosen by obese people because it isquite simple and does not require invasive and expensive procedures. However, long-term usage ofconventional medicines causes serious side effects. Therefore, studies about herbal medicineincreased significantly, one of them is Moringa oleifera (MO). Objectives: This review providesinformation about the pathways involved in the adipogenesis processes in obesity and how MO caninhibit adipogenesis through several pathways. Methods: Data were collected from PubMed based onthe keywords “moringa”, “obese”, “adipogenesis”, “adipocyte”, and “lipogenesis”. There were 16journals in full text that met the inclusion criteria for conducting a literature study related to thesekeywords over the last 10 years (from 2013 to 2023). Results: The anti-obesity effect of MO isthought to come from several specific compounds isolated from this plant, including quercetin,isoquercetin, quercetin-3-O-malonylglucoside, astragalin, kaempferol, isothiocyanate, EGCG, andmany others. These active compounds can be isolated from various parts of the MO plant, but themost widely used are the leaves and seeds. These compounds exert anti-obesity activity by inhibitingadipogenesis through multiple pathways, including the AMPK, PI3K/AKT, MAPK, JAK/STAT,TGF-β, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Conclusions: Several in vivo, in vitro, and clinical trial studieshave been conducted to demonstrate the benefits and safety of MO as a medicinal plant withpharmacological potential to inhibit adipogenesis in obesity.Keywords: moringa; adipogenesis; adipocyte; lipogenesis; obese
SARS-CoV-2 multi-epitope subunit vaccine proof-of-concept derived from the in silico study with protein expression in E. coli BL21 Muhayya, Syarifah Raisha; Agus Ariyanto, Ibnu; Widianingtyas, Silvia; Subiantistha, Tanaya; Bela, Budiman
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2024.009.02.1

Abstract

The protein subunit vaccine is the most considerably developed SARS-Cov-2 vaccine, according to the WHO vaccine tracker in 2023. The acceleration of vaccine development in 2 years of eradicating the COVID-19 pandemic is attainable due to the role of bioinformatics. The objective of this paper is to evaluate strategies for developing multi-epitope SARS-Cov-2 recombinant vaccines with high protein expression in silico. The study was conducted by analyzing SARS-Cov-2 epitopes using immunoinformatics tools provided by IEDB, codon optimization, rare codon analysis, plasmid design, and ribosomal binding site (RBS) analysis were analyzed using RNA structure 6.4, gene cloning by E. coli DH5α and protein expression by E. coli BL21. Each epitope peptide candidate was linked to a flexible linker sequence (GGGGS). GelAnalyzer 19.1 was utilized to determine the protein band of SDS-PAGE. The immunoinformatics study obtained multi-epitope of the recombinant SARS-COV-2 vaccine with a total of 7 epitopes for HLA-I allele candidates and 4 for HLA-II. It is demonstrated that the candidate vaccine protein was successfully cloned in E. coli DH5α and expressed in E. coli BL21.
The Potency of Ficus deltoidei Jack Bioactive as An Antidiabetic Treament: In Silico Study Wahyurini, Dyahati; Clarinta Putri, Rizky; Wardani Hakim, Rani; Wibowo, Heri
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2024.009.02.2

Abstract

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease with an increasing prevalence. T2DM is related to chronic low-grade inflammation or meta-inflammation conditions. Nowadays, treatment begins to target the molecules or proteins involved in T2DM. Peroxisome Proliferator Activator Receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) is one of the proteins involved in T2DM. The Herbal is a potential solution to finding molecular medicine with bioactive compounds. Extract from Tabat Barito (Ficus deltoidea Jack) has proven as antidiabetic. It has many bioactive compounds and can be analyzed using software and molecular docking. This research aims to analyze the biological and pharmacological bioactive compounds of Ficus deltoidea Jack as an antidiabetic. Methods: The bioactive compounds of Ficus deltoidea Jack were determined from the literature. PASS (Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances) was used to analyze the bioactive compounds. SwissADME was used to know the pharmacology properties Molecular docking was used to find the interaction between bioactive compounds and PPAR-γ. Results: Ficus deltoidea Jack has many bioactive compounds. Lupeol, Vitexin, and Isovitexin were chosen to advance analysis using PASS and SwissADME. All of them had antidiabetic activity. SwissADME was used to identify the pharmacology properties. The result, every bioactive compound has its specific characteristics. Molecular docking showed that Vitexin is the best, with ΔGibbs - 6.59kcal/mol and Inhibition constant (Ki) 14.77 µM. Conclusions: Ficus deltoidea Jack consists of many bioactive compounds. Vitexin and Isovitexin are potential as an antidiabetic. From the docking results, the strongest interaction is Vitexin.
Persepsi Mahasiswa Pendidikan Profesi Apoteker terhadap Peran Tenaga Kesehatan Intannia, Difa; Lingga, Herningtyas Nautika; Novia, Novia; Fahira, Nurul Savira
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2024.009.02.10

Abstract

Kerjasama yang baik antar tenaga kesehatan dapat memperbaiki mutu pelayanan kesehatan. Interprofessional Education merupakan salah satu strategi untuk memberikan pembelajaran dan pengalaman bagi mahasiswa agar dapat berkolaborasi sejak dini dan memahami peran tenaga kesehatan lain sebagai upaya kolaborasi efektif saat berpraktek nantinya. Tujuan pada penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi persepsi mahasiswa terhadap peran tenaga kesehatan sebagai gambaran tentang apa yang mahasiswa pikirkan tentang profesinya sendiri dan profesi kesehatan lain. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif observasional dengan jenis rancangan cross sectional. Subjek penelitian adalah mahasiswa aktif Program Studi Profesi Apoteker FMIPA ULM Angkatan X dengan jumlah 40 responden. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini adalah kuisioner yang disebarkan secara online melalui google form. Kemudian data hasil penelitian dianalisis secara deskriptif, data dibuat dalam tabel dan disajikan dalam bentuk persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 40 responden yang terdiri dari 80% perempuan dan 20% laki-laki, 80% mahasiswa belum memiliki pengalaman kerja, dan 60% responden memiliki anggota keluarga yang bekerja sebagai tenaga kesehatan. Berdasarkan temuan penelitian, 97,5% responden memiliki persepsi bahwa apoteker memiliki peran sebagai sumber informasi obat. Lebih dari 70% responden memiliki perspsi bahwa dokter, perawat, dan apoteker sama-sama berperan dalam memantau respon pasien yang menerima terapi intravena, melakukan penyesuaian dosis, menghadiri pertemuan rutin dewan kesehatan masyarakat, dan mendokumentasikan aktivitas profesional dalam rekam medis pasien. Mahsiswa Pendidikan profesi apoteker memiliki persespi yang berbeda-beda terhadap peran tenaga Kesehatan, dan memiliki pandangan bahwa ada kolaborasi antar tenaga Kesehatan di beberapa kegiatan tertentu.
Hypoglycemia in Geriatric Patients with Diabetes: A Review Untari, Eka Kartika; Yuswar, Muhammad Akib
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2024.009.02.3

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of diabetes tends to be high, 42% of geriatric patients admitted havea diabetes diagnosis, and 33% of these patients experience hypoglycemia. Hospitalization isnecessary for diabetic elderly individuals because their blood glucose levels make themmore vulnerable to other complications. The incidence of hypoglycemia in geriatric patients maybe caused by a variety of factors, including polypharmacy, pharmacokinetic andpharmacodynamic changes, hormonal regulation disorders, food and water intake disturbances,decreased intestinal absorption, and cognitive disorders, as well as other organ disorders that causedisruption of the ability to metabolize antihyperglycemia.Methods: This review will go over how frequently geriatricians, especially those withdiabetes, develop hypoglycemia as a result of using anti-diabetics or other medications thatlead to drop blood sugar.Results: Sulfonylurea and insulin groups are the most frequent causes of hypoglycemia indiabetic older people, according to the articles we analyzed. The significance of specific carefor the elderly population in order to lessen the effects of hypoglycemia.Conclusions: For geriatric individuals with DM, routine blood glucose monitoring is advisedto prevent diabetic complications.
Antioxidant Activity of Sago (Metroxylon Sagu Rottb) Pith Waste TUKAYO, BRECHKERTS LIESKE; Wally , Patricia Iveceline Yohana; WANDANSARI, BAIQ DARAQUTHNI
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2024.010.01.1

Abstract

Sago pith waste contains flavonoid and tannin compounds. Flavonoids and tannins are well-known phytochemical compounds that act as natural antioxidants that can inhibit free radicals. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant activity of sago (Metroxylon sagu rottb) pith waste extract. Sago pith waste was obtained from Jayapura Regency and extracted by maceration method using 1500 ml of ethanol 70% as a solvent for 5 days. Furthermore, phytochemical screening was carried out on the thick extract. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy (DPPH) assay was used to determine antioxidant activity from ethanol extract of sago pith waste with variation in concentration as follows: 100 ppm, 200 ppm, 300 ppm, 400 ppm, and 500 ppm. The study's results found that the secondary metabolite contents of the ethanol extract of sago pith waste were flavonoids, phenolic compounds and tannins. From the antioxidant activity test results, the inhibition percentages of the extracts were 30.98%, 40.66%, 51.15%, 65.90%, and 70%, respectively. The IC50 value of the sago pith waste ethanol extract was found to be 283.11 ppm, which was categorised as weak activity of antioxidants. It can be concluded that sago pulp extract has the potential as a source of natural antioxidants
Self-Medication Practice, Attitude, and Knowledge of Health Science Students in Indonesia: A Cross Sectional Study M. Shofwan Haris; Baiq Risky Wahyu Lisnasari
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2024.010.01.2

Abstract

Self-medication is a term to describe an act of using medication, whether traditional or synthetic, for self-treatment. This study was carried out to determine the pattern, attitude, and knowledge of self-medication among health science major students in Bangkalan, Indonesia. This cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June 2023. Data was obtained through self-administered questionnaire and the results expressed as percentages. This study enrolled 204 students from different majors, i.e. pharmacy (39.5%), nurse (33%), midwifery (17.9%), medical record science (9.1%), and others (3%). All of the participants have practiced self-medication in the last six month, at least once. The most common reason for self-medication were the mildness of the diseases (50%), the urgency to relieve symptoms fast (13%), and previous medical knowledge (13%). Multivitamin (42.2%) and analgesics (35.8%) were the most frequent used drugs for self-medication. The students tend to have positive attitude favoring self-medication. The majority (72.55%) of students demonstrated good level knowledge of self-medication. An effort to raise public awareness of the disadvantage of self-medication and the responsible way to practice it should continuously be made. The pharmacist should actively contributed in raising public awareness and more education should be given to the students regarding the risk of self-medication.
Molecular Docking Study of 3-Amino-2-Phenylquinazoline-4(3H)-One Derivative as A Potential COX-2 Selective Analgesic Candidate Naura Salsabila Nadhifa; Luthfi Ahmad Muchlashi
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2024.010.01.3

Abstract

Background: Quinazoline is a group of alkaloid compounds found in several plant and animal families, such as plants in the Rutaceae family. Non-selective COX-2 inhibitors, while effective analgesics, may also inhibit COX-1 in the gastrointestinal tract, potentially disrupting protective mucus production. This research aims to assess the potential of the derivative compound 3-Amino-2-Phenylquinazoline-4(3H)-One as an analgesic agent through molecular docking. The selection of test compounds was conducted using the Topliss Tree method. The potency of the compounds was assessed based on rerank scores and interactions with amino acids in COX-2 (PDB ID 1PXX) and COX-1 (PDB ID 1EQG). The findings suggest that compound 14cpq may exhibit selective COX-2 inhibitory activity. This is supported by its lower rerank score with COX-2 (-85.2374 arb. units) compared to COX-1 (-63.9889 arb. units), as well as its interactions with amino acids Ser1530 and Met1522 within the COX-2 binding site, similar to sodium diclofenac. Furthermore, 14cpq displays distinct interaction patterns with COX-1 compared to ibuprofen, reinforcing its potential selectivity for COX-2. However, further research is required to ascertain the effectiveness of these compound as selective COX-2 analgesics.   Keywords: 3-amino-2-phenylquinazoline-4(3H)-one derivatives; analgesic; molecular docking
The Effect of Ethanol Extract of Phaleria macrocarpa Fruit Combined with Deferiprone on Peripheral Blood Counts in Iron-Overloaded Rats Rahma, Rahma; Estuningtyas, Ari
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2024.010.01.4

Abstract

Iron overload poses health risks due to its role in reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. We evaluated the efficacy of ethanol extract of Phaleria macrocarpa Fruit (PM) against deferiprone-induced alterations in hematological parameters in iron-overloaded rats. Six groups were studied: control, iron-overloaded (IO), deferiprone (D), PM, and two combination groups (DPM-1 and DPM-2). Hematological parameters were assessed at baseline (week-3) and post-treatment (week-8), including total white blood cell count (WBC), lymphocytes (LYM), granulocytes (GRAN), platelet count (PLT), red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Iron overload induced mild changes, with significant increases in MCV, alongside non-significant increasing trend in LYM and decreasing trends in other parameters. Deferiprone led to significant decreases in RBC and Hb, with non-significant increases in MCV and non-significant decreases in other parameters. PM group showed significant decreased in PLT, RBC, and Hb, and a significant increase in MCV and MCH, accompanied by non-significant increase in MCHC and non-significant decreasing trends in WBC, LYM, and GRAN. Combination treatment of ethanol extract of Phaleria macrocarpa fruit with deferiprone at usual dose (DPM-1) resulted in significant changes, including decreases in GRAN, RBC, Hb and MCHC and increasing MCV, accompanied by non-significant increase in MCH and non-significant decrease in other parameter. The magnitude of parameter changes appears smaller when the dose of deferiprone is reduced in the combination group (DPM-2) compared to the DPM-1 group. PM alone exhibited minimal effects on hematological parameters compared to deferiprone (except for PLT), indicating the need for further research to elucidate the specific cellular and molecular pathways influenced by these treatments to support the use of PM as adjunct therapy in patients with iron overload.
Detection of Chili Powder Adulteration with Rhodamine B in Traditional Markets of Singosari District Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy and Chemometrics: Detection of Chili Powder Adulteration with Rhodamine B Putri, Anggita
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2024.010.01.5

Abstract

Introduction: Chili powder (Capsicum annum L.) is a spice that has many benefits, one of which is as a Chilli powder (Capsicum annuum L.) is a spice that has many benefits, one of which is as a cooking ingredient, a natural red dye, and a traditional medicinal ingredient. The high demand for chili, the short shelf life, and the fluctuations in chilli prices have led to the adulteration of chilli powder with economic motives, namely with Rhodamin B. RI regulation No. 239/Men.Kes/Per/85 states that Rhodamin B is a dangerous color substance and is prohibited from use in drugs, food, and cosmetics. Objectives: This study aims to determine whether there are adulterated chili powder products in the Traditional Market of Singosari District, Malang Regency. Methods: This study used Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy and Chemometrics in data processing and used KLT Densitomestri to determine capsaicin levels in chili powder. Data processing was performed using multivariate calibration using PLS (Partial last Square) and OPLS-DA (Orthogonal Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis). The samples used in this study were 10 market samples, control chili powder samples, and mixed samples of chili powder with Rhodamin B synthetic dye with a concentration of 0-50% (b/b). Results: From the results of the study, it was found that the capsaicin content in chili powder was 624.77 µg/g, then the results of OPLS-DA processing of market samples 1 to 7 were estimated to be not pure chili powder and samples 8 to 10 were estimated to be pure chili powder (there was a mixture of other ingredients). Furthermore, market samples 1 to 7 were tested using PLS. From the PLS results, the best calibration model was obtained at wave numbers 1800-1180 cm-1 where the calibration  value was 0.9989; RMSEC value 0.789;  validation 0.9968; RMSEP 1.93. PLS results show that in samples 1 to 4 and sample 6 it is estimated that there is a counterfeiter of Rhodamin B synthetic dye while in samples 5 and 7 no synthetic dye was detected in the chili powder, possibly the material added is not from synthetic dyes. Conclusion: So it is concluded that the market chili powder samples sold in the Singosari Traditional Market have samples of pure chili powder and samples that are predicted to have counterfeiters. Keyword: Chili Powder, Rhodamine B, Chemometrics, FT-IR

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