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Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia

pji
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Published by Universitas Brawijaya

ISSN : 2461114X EISSN : 2461114X DOI : https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.pji

Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia (PJI) is an online journal which is published twice a year by Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University. The articles published in PJI cover the themes of Clinical and Community Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Technology, and Natural Product Pharmacy/Chemistry.

Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Lain-Lain)

Articles 155 Documents

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Anti-Aging Potential and Quercetin Determination of Melastoma malabathricum L. Leaves Extract Amalia, Thia
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2024.010.01.6

Background: Melastoma malabathricum L. is a wild shrub that traditionally used in South-East Asia as wound healing. Plant extracts contain phenolic, flavonoid and tannin. The leaves extract also has many pharmacological activity but the anti-aging activity of the leaves extract has not been studied. Methods: The leaves of M. malabathricum was defatted with chloroform and then refluxed by ethanol. Quercetin content of the leaves extract was determined by HPLC. Anti-aging activity was evaluated by anti-elastase, and anti collagenase inhibitor activity of the leaves extract by a fluorometric method. Results: Percentage yield of the M. malabathricum leaves extract was 16.53% w/w. Quercetin content of the leaves extract was 9.20 mg/g extract. The leaves extract of M. malabathricum L. has anti-elastase and anti collagenase activity with IC50 80.39±2.36 ppm and 63.3±3.32 ppm, respectively. Conclusions: M. Malabathricum leaves extract was potential as an anti-aging cosmetic raw material.

Increasing The Digital Health Competency of Salatiga City Pharmacists in The Era of Digital Health Transformation Hati, Anita Kumala; Ratnasari, Yunia; M.N.H, Paulina Ambar
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2024.010.01.7

Background: The Indonesia Ministry of Health has established six pillars of health transformation, one of which is health technology transformation. Pharmacist as a professional health care must have digital health competency to contribute to the success of digital health transformation in Indonesia. Objective: This research aims to analyze and improve the digital health competency of Salatiga city pharmacists. Method: This research is a quasi-experimental research with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The number of participants was 30 pharmacists from the city of Salatiga. Digital health competency levels were measured before and after training using the Public Health Informatics Competencies for Primary Health Care (PHIC4PHC) questionnaire instrument. Competency levels are presented as ordinal data so that the Wilcoxon test is used to determine differences before and after intervention. Result: Participants in this study consisted of 63% pharmacists at pharmacies, 20% Primary Clinic pharmacists, and 17% Community Health Center pharmacists. Participants were aged between 26 and 47 years old with a period of pharmacist practice between 4 and 22 years. Analysis of respondents' digital health competency level before training obtained results of 2% basic level, 27% understanding level, 43% fluent level, and 23% expert level. Meanwhile, after 2 weeks of respondents applying the results of digital health training, there was an increase in respondents' competency to 30% fluent level and 70% expert level. The pharmacist's health competency increased significantly (p-value< 0.05). 20 participants increased their competency level, and 10 participants did not change their competency level. Conclusion: Digital health training has been proven to significantly increase the digital health competency of Salatiga city pharmacists. Keywords: e-Health, Telepharmacy, Informatics, Pharmacists, competence

Formulation And Physical Characteristic Of Hard Candy Lozenge Of Citrus Limon Essential Oil On Various Types Of Sugar Free Candy Base (Isomalt, Mannitol, Sorbitol) Nawatila, Roisah; Azminah
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2024.010.01.8

Citrus limon is a natural ingredient that has potential as an anti-anxiety. The effect of increasing dopamine on the brain barrier due to consuming citrus limon essential oil can help relieve stress, fatigue, dizziness, and anxiety. This study aims to formulate citrus limon essential oil hard candy lozenge with various types of sugar free candy bases and evaluate its effect on the physical characteristic of the lozenge. Previously, this study was preceded by identifying the D-Limonene compounds as an active material on the citrus limon essential oil using the GC-MS method. There are three formulas used in this study, including F1 (isomalt), F2 (mannitol), and F3 (sorbitol). Physical characteristic tests carried out include organoleptics, weight variations, dimension, hardness, friability, dissolved pH, dissolve time, and hedonic tests. The identification test of citrus limon essential oil showed the presence of D-Limonene compound, in accordance with CoA and comparative literature. Thus, it can be concluded that the raw material of the oil used in this study was in accordance with the established quality. In addition, the results of physical characteristic showed that the organoleptic test of F1 and F3 yields better results than F2 (murky white color and rough texture). In addition, the evaluation of weight variation, friability, and dissolve time of F1 and F3 met specifications, while F2 did not meet specifications. Therefore, the sugar free candy base that can be developed into a hard candy lozenge in this study was by using isomalt (F1) and sorbitol (F3).

Formulation and Evaluation of Bioactive Composite Hydrogel Nanochitosan from Siwalan Fruit Peel (Borassus flabellifer) against Enterococcus faecalis Siswanto, Darmawan Chandra; Ramadani, Arfania Laily Rizky; Saputra, Bachren Azra; Putri, Fadia Amalina; Maharani, Marshanda Keysa Putri
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2024.010.01.9

Caries is a bacterial infection of the hard tooth tissue, among the top six diseases in Indonesia. A common pulp capping failure often results from microleakage and contamination by Enterococcus faecalis bacteria. Siwalan (Borassus flabellifer) shell, containing chitosan, has antibacterial properties and supports tissue regeneration. This research aims to create a bioactive composite hydrogel with nano chitosan extract from siwalan shell at concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%, and evaluate its quality and antibacterial effectiveness against Enterococcus faecalis. The study used an experimental post-test only group design with three treatment groups (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% siwalan shell nano chitosan extract) and two control groups. The nano chitosan extract was prepared through deproteination, demineralization, and deacetylation, followed by formulation and quality testing of the hydrogel. The antibacterial test was conducted using the tube dilution method, and data were analyzed with One-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests. The hydrogel's Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) was found to be 0.5%. The results of statistical tests show that the calculated F value (37.185) is greater than the F table (2.8661) with a sig value of 0.000 (0.000 < 0.05). Thus, the bioactive composite hydrogel nano chitosan extract from siwalan shell effectively inhibits the growth of Enterococcus faecalis and meets the quality parameters for pulp capping material.

Testing Antibacterial Activities and Characterization of Chemical Compounds Composing Essential Oil from Lemo Cuco Fruit Peel (Citrus sp.) Febryanti, Amalyah; Ilyas, Asriani; Abubakar, Andi Nur Fitriani
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2024.010.01.10

Lemo Cuco (Citrus sp.) is one of the plant species of Rutaceae grown in the districts of Bone and Sinjai, South Sulawesi. This fruit is commonly used for food as scent, cough reliever and as fishy and meaty deodorizing. The peel has a special scent indicating presence of essensial oil components. This study aims to evaluate antibacterial activities and and to characterize compounds in ethanol extract dan n-hexane extract Lemo Cuco (Citrus sp.). This study used the soxhletation, and fitokimia text and the characterization of components in extracts with GC-MS and antibacterial activities using the disc diffusion method. The results obtained from the study were testing the antibacterial activities of Lemo Cuco (Citrus sp.) peel extract against the Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi bacteria. Inhibition of ethanol and n-hexane extract against the bacteria S. aureus included weak, medium, and strong category according to the concentrations (20%, 10%, 5%, 2.5% and 1.25%), whereas inhibitory against S. typhi bacteria in n-heksane included weak, medium, and strong category, whereas ethanol extract included medium and weak category, even not active. Based on the results of phytochemical identification of the Lemo Cuco (Citrus sp.), peel extract indicated existence of flavonoids, phenolic, steroids, terpenoids, alkaloids and saponins compound. n-heksane exctract contained special fraction saponins, whereas ethanol exctract was nothing. Characterization using GC-MS indicated existence of monoterpenoid and sesquiterpenoid compound. Thus, ethanol and n-hexane extracts of lemon cuco fruit skin have the potential to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.

The Knowledge and Practice in the Self-Medication Use of Topical Benzoyl Peroxide and Clindamycin Anjarwati, Riska Auliah; Hariadini, Ayuk Lawuningtyas; Ebtavanny, Tamara Gusti
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/

Acne vulgaris or acne is a condition of chronic inflammation of the pilosebaceous unit. Topical clindamycin and topical benzoyl peroxide (BP) are therapy with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. The pharmacist's role during self-medication services and the knowledge possessed by the patient are needed to produce the correct drug use. This study aimed to determine the relationship between knowledge and accuracy of using topical benzoyl peroxide and clindamycin self-medication either alone or in combination with students of Brawijaya University with Acne vulgaris. This research was conducted online which is observational analytic with a cross-sectional design. The sampling technique used was a purposive sampling technique based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and 105 respondents were obtained. Student knowledge was measured using a Guttman scale questionnaire with right and wrong answer choices. The accuracy of student use was measured using semi-open questions with multiple-choice answers and essays. The results showed that the respondents had good knowledge (79.05%), sufficient (20.95%), and less (0.00%). Meanwhile, the results of the accuracy of the use of therapy showed that students were correct (60.00%) and not correct (40.00%). The results of the Spearman correlation test showed a significant positive relationship between knowledge and the accuracy of using self-medicated topical benzoyl peroxide and clindamycin therapy (p = 0.012; r = 0.245). Based on the study results, it is concluded that there is a significant positive relationship between knowledge and the accuracy of using self-medicated topical benzoyl peroxide and clindamycin therapy in Brawijaya University students with Acne vulgaris. Keyword: Acne vulgaris, knowledge, practice, benzoyl peroxide, clindamycin

Safety Profile of Oral Anticoagulants in Elderly Atrial Fibrillation Patients: A Review Focused on Bleeding Risk in Secondary Stroke Prevention Viviandhari, Daniek; Wiyati, Tuti
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/

The elderly population has the highest risks of bleeding due to oral anticoagulant use to prevent secondary stroke since causes higher levels of anticoagulant status fluctuation. However, the detailed information on safety issues regarding bleeding effect of oral anticoagulant from elderly population perspective with atrial fibrillation is still lacking. This narrative review was conducted to summarize the study findings from the present literature. This review was conducted using PubMed and Scopus database. Data were retrieved from 2017 until 2023. Articles were considered for inclusion if they discussed the safety of oral anticoagulant for secondary stroke prevention in Atrial Fibrillation (AF) patients. A total of 9 articles were extracted. The design of the studies, participant characteristics, and the risk of bleeding events were all assessed. The Hazard Ratio (HR) ranged from 2.82 to 0.58 across 5 trials. There were three occurrences of significant hemorrhage with delayed Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants (NOACs) and seven cases with early NOACs. When comparing acute reperfusion to no reperfusion, the Odd Ratio (OR) of 1 study was 0.74. One study found that the incidence of significant bleeding was 2.1% in the case of standard warfarin use and 0% in the case of early apixaban use. Research comparing warfarin and rivaroxaban in patients with mild AF found a Relative Risk (RR) of 0.91. NOACs/Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs) are relatively safe to use, while International Normalized Ratio (INR)-guided Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) should be use with cautions in the elderly with AF for secondary stroke prevention concerning bleeding events, regardless of independence status (patient’s level of functional independence), presence of acute reperfusion treatment, Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source (ESUS), Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO), and decreased renal function.

An Overview of knowledge level of adolescent girls about anemia disease and prevention in Badung area, Bali Sari, Gusti Ayu Putu Laksmi Puspa; Wibowo, Yosi Irawati; Yana, I Gusti Agung Ari Kusuma; Megawati, Fitria
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/

Introduction: Adolescent anemia in Indonesia is still a high health problem, despite the implementation of government programs related to adolescent anemia prevention. Knowledge is one of the factors and influences the success of anemia prevention programs in adolescents. Objective: To provide an overview of knowledge related to blood supplement tablets and anemia in adolescent girls in Badung area. Methods: A survey study using a questionnaire was conducted on 193 adolescent girls enrolled in one of the junior high schools in Badung. There were twenty knowledge questions related to blood supplement tablets and anemia. Data were analyzed descriptively based on the variables measured. Results: The knowledge level of adolescent girls mostly had sufficient knowledge (74.6%), good knowledge (11.9%) and poor knowledge (13.5%). Conclusion: In this study, there were still adolescent girls who had insufficient knowledge. Educational efforts need to be made in various approaches to improve the knowledge of adolescent girls.

Determination of Total Phenolic Content of Waru Leaves Metanol and Ethyl Acetate Extract (Hibiscus tiliaceus L.) Astrid Kusuma Putri, astrid90
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/

Hibiscus tiliaceus L., also known as the waru plant, is a valuable source of traditional medicine due to its phenolic compounds, which have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, anticancer, and antioxidant properties. The study investigates the presence of phenolic compounds in the methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of waru leaf, which were obtained through maceration with methanol and ethyl acetate solvents, highlighting the significant impact of extraction solvent choice on the extract's active compounds. The total phenolic content in the leaf extract of waru (Hibiscus tiliaceus L.) is determined using the Folin-Ciocalteau method, in which the addition of 7% sodium carbonate creates an alkaline atmosphere that produces phenolic ions. Furthermore, it will reduce Folin to form a blue complex. The results showed that the total phenolic content of waru leaf extract (Hibiscus tiliaceus L.) was 15.348 mg GAE/g and 10.060 GAE/g of methanol and ethyl acetate extract, respectively, at a maximum wavelength of 765 nm. The repeatability precision was 1.7 x 10-14% RSD, with the gallic acid standards curve showing good linearity (R2 > 0.999).

Profile of Antituberculosis Therapy in Tuberculosis Patient with Diabetes Mellitus Paramita, hilda ema; samirah
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb.). People with weak immune conditions such as people with diabetes mellitus (DM) are more susceptible to TB infection. The aim of this research was to review the profile of antituberculosis therapy in pulmonary TB patients with DM. It was a descriptive observational study using retrospective data during period January 1, 2019, to January 31, 2020, which was conducted at Poli TB of Airlangga University Hospital. The samples used were medical records of adult patients over 18 years diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus who received antituberculosis therapy and obtained as many as 32 medical records of patients. The results showed that the most widely used antituberculosis was Fixed- dose combination (FDC) asa many as 30 patients (93,8%) and 2 patients in special combination (6,4%). Special combination are given to patients with special conditions such as hypersensitivity to antituberculosis. The dose regimentation of antituberculosis given to the patient with controlled and uncontrolled diabetes during the intensive phase and continuation phase was 2 – 5 tablets of FDC. The patient’s diabetes control was measured by the value of glucose levels during treatment. Antidiabetic treatment given to pulmonary TB patients with DM was insulin in 20 patients (62,5%) and oral antidiabetic drugs (OAD) in 12 patients (37,5%). After obtaining the regimen therapy, most TB patients with controlled diabetes completed the treatment in 6 patients (26,1%) with duration of treatment of 6 months in 4 patients (17.4%) while patients with uncontrolled diabetes completed the treatment in 8 patients (34,8%) with duration of treatment more than 6 months in 9 patients (39,1%). Potential Drug- Related problems (DRP) identified in this research are 18 drug interactions (56,2%) and 14 suspected side effects (43,6%). Based on the results of research treatment and dosage regimens used in pulmonary TB patients with DM in Poli TB of Airlangga University Hospital have been following national TB guidelines

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Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University Jalan Veteran (Kampus Sumbersari) Malang 65145 Tel. (0341) 569117ext 156, 173 ; Fax. (0341) 564755 Website : http://www.pji.ub.ac.id Email :pji@ub.ac.id

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Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Efta Triastuti

Contact Email efta.triastuti@ub.ac.id

Phone +62341-569117

Journal Mail Official pji@ub.ac.id

Editorial Address Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University Jalan Veteran (Kampus Sumbersari) Malang 65145 Tel. (0341) 569117ext 156, 173 ; Fax. (0341) 564755 Website : http://www.pji.ub.ac.id Email :pji@ub.ac.id

Location Kota malang, Jawa timur INDONESIA

Abstract

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Contact Name
Efta Triastuti

Contact Email
efta.triastuti@ub.ac.id

Phone
+62341-569117

Journal Mail Official
pji@ub.ac.id

Editorial Address
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University Jalan Veteran (Kampus Sumbersari) Malang 65145 Tel. (0341) 569117ext 156, 173 ; Fax. (0341) 564755 Website : http://www.pji.ub.ac.id Email :pji@ub.ac.id

Location
Kota malang,

Jawa timur

INDONESIA