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Jurnal Respirasi (JR)
Published by Universitas Airlangga
ISSN : 24070831     EISSN : 26218372     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Jurnal Respirasi is a National journal in accreditation process managed by Department of Pulmonology & Respiratory Medicine Faculty of Medicine Airlangga University - Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya. Publish every January, May, September every year with each of 5 (five) complete texts in Indonesian.
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Articles 351 Documents
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Persistent Pneumothorax in Neurofibromatosis Type-1 Hustorio Aliongko Simamora; Susanthy Djajalaksana; Iin Noor Chozin; Dini Rachma Erawati; Hendy Setyo Yudhanto; Gracelia Ruth Elisabeth Damanik; Adinda Amalia Dani; Aditya Sri Listyoko
Jurnal Respirasi Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): January 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jr.v12-I.1.2026.64-70

Abstract

Introduction: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder. While typically recognized by its cutaneous features, pulmonary involvement, including apical cysts and basal interstitial fibrosis consistent with interstitial lung disease (ILD), can occur in up to 20% of patients. These manifestations create a predisposition to complications such as spontaneous pneumothorax. While this is relatively uncommon, occurring in approximately 1.5% of patients with NF-1, it represents a serious and potentially life-threatening complication when it does occur. Case: A 52-year-old male with a 20-pack-year smoking history and active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) presented with acute chest pain and dyspnea. Dermatological examination and skin biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of NF-1. A high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan of the chest revealed multiple subpleural pulmonary cysts consistent with NF-1-related ILD, alongside findings suggestive of active TB. The patient was diagnosed with a secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP), which proved to be persistent despite initial chest tube drainage, ultimately requiring surgical intervention. Conclusion: This case highlights that NF-1 is a significant underlying risk factor for persistent pneumothorax, particularly when co-existing with other conditions like active TB and a history of smoking. The chronic inflammation and parenchymal destruction associated with these comorbidities can exacerbate the inherent structural lung abnormalities in NF-1, leading to complex, difficult-to-manage clinical scenarios. Early recognition of pulmonary manifestations in patients with NF-1 is crucial for anticipating and managing severe complications.
The Potential of Ethanol Extract Tamarillo (Solanum betaceum) on B-Cell Lymphoma 2 Expression in Mice (Mus musculus) Lungs Exposed to Lead Acetate Cantika Marcellin Princess Iswandi; Herley Windo Setiawan; Nurmawati Fatimah; Reny I’tishom; Mila Qurotul A'yuni
Jurnal Respirasi Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): January 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jr.v12-I.1.2026.44-51

Abstract

Introduction: Lead acetate, a toxic heavy metal compound, induces cellular and tissue injury primarily through oxidative stress. Exposure via inhalation or ingestion enables systemic absorption and distribution to target organs, particularly the lungs. One of the key anti-apoptotic proteins involved in maintaining cell survival is B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). The administration of exogenous antioxidants represents a preventive approach to counteract the cytotoxic effects of lead, including the use of ethanol extract of tamarillo fruit. This study investigated the potential influence of tamarillo (Solanum betaceum) ethanol extract, known for its antioxidant content. Specifically, it examined its effect on Bcl-2 expression in the lung tissue of male mice exposed to lead acetate. Methods: This study used a true experimental design in a controlled laboratory setting. The specimens were divided into five groups: K0 served as the negative control, while K1 acted as the positive control and was treated with lead acetate at a dose of 0.075 g/kgBW. Group P1, P2, and P3 received lead acetate combined with ethanol extract of tamarillo at doses of 100 mg/kgBW, 200 mg/kgBW, and 400 mg/kgBW, respectively. Results: The findings showed that tamarillo ethanol extract significantly increased lung Bcl-2 expression in lead-exposed mice (p<0.05). B-cell lymphoma 2 expression increased progressively with higher extract doses compared with the positive control group. Conclusion: Administration of the tamarillo ethanol extract at 100 mg/kgBW was the most effective and provided protective effects on lung tissue.
Predicting Prolonged Hospitalization in Pneumonia: The Role of Lung Injury Score Mayandra Alif Anggita Putri; Isnin Anang Marhana; Arief Rakhman Hakim; Arief Bakhtiar; Irmi Syafa'ah
Jurnal Respirasi Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): January 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jr.v12-I.1.2026.27-34

Abstract

Introduction: Pneumonia is a lung infection with a high prevalence and is associated with prolonged length of stay (LOS). An excessive LOS increases the risk of complications, while a short LOS may lead to inadequate treatment. The lung injury score (LIS), which assesses the severity of lung injury and respiratory dysfunction, is expected to be an accurate predictor of LOS in patients with pneumonia. This study aimed to determine the correlation between LIS and LOS in hospitalized patients with pneumonia. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included adult patients hospitalized at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, with a diagnosis of pneumonia between January and December 2023. The LIS component scores (chest X-ray findings, arterial partial pressure of oxygen-to-fractional inspired oxygen ratio, positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), and static lung compliance) were obtained from electronic medical records and used to calculate LIS values. The correlation between LIS and LOS was analyzed using the Spearman test, while the cut-off point was determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: A total of 152 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The mean LIS was 1.82±0.89, while the mean LOS was 10.23±6.27 days. A statistically significant correlation was found between LIS and LOS (p<0.001) with a correlation coefficient of 0.317. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified the optimal LIS cut-off point for an LOS of 10 days as 1.75. Conclusion: There was a statistically significant correlation between LIS and LOS in patients with pneumonia. The LIS cut-off point of 1.75 for an LOS of 10 days was statistically significant.
Ki-67 Expression and Histopathological Type, Metastatic Status, and Risk Factors in Lung Cancer Muhammad Khairani; Sri Melati Munir; Darmawi Darmawi; Indra Yovi; Indi Esha; Zarfiardy Aksa Fauzi; Zahtamal Zahtamal
Jurnal Respirasi Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): January 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jr.v12-I.1.2026.35-43

Abstract

Introduction: Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Indonesia, the incidence and death rates associated with this disease remain alarmingly high. Ki-67 is a potential biomarker for assessing cellular proliferation and metastatic potential. However, its clinical application in lung cancer remains inconsistent. This study aimed to analyze the association between Ki-67 expression and histopathological subtype, metastatic status, and clinical risk factors in patients with lung cancer. Methods: This study enrolled 42 patients diagnosed with lung cancer at Arifin Achmad General Hospital, Pekanbaru, Indonesia. Statistical analysis used the Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test (non-parametric tests) for categorical data and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, depending on the data characteristics. Participants were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria, complete medical documentation, and available Ki-67 immunohistochemistry results. Results: Among the 42 patients analyzed, 34 (80.9%) exhibited metastasis. The findings revealed a significant correlation between Ki-67 expression and metastasis (p=0.0038), whereas no significant associations were observed with age, sex, smoking status, or histopathological classification. Most patients (approximately 69%) had low Ki-67 expression. Conclusion: Ki-67 expression was associated with metastatic status in patients with lung cancer and might serve as a prognostic biomarker. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to validate these findings.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Enhancing Lung Cancer Diagnostic Accuracy: A Literature Review Salsabila Dinda Nuril Ishlahi; Teguh Budi Wicaksono; Moulid Hidayat; Arif Darmawardana
Jurnal Respirasi Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jr.v12-I.2.2026.165-174

Abstract

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with particularly high incidence in Asia, including Indonesia. The stage at diagnosis is a key determinant of prognosis. Therefore, early and accurate detection is essential to improve survival and quality of life. However, in regions with a high prevalence of infectious diseases such as tuberculosis (TB), diagnostic challenges persist due to overlapping radiographic features that may delay definitive diagnosis and treatment. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have introduced promising tools to enhance diagnostic accuracy. Artificial intelligence models, especially those based on deep learning (DL) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs), can automatically detect and classify pulmonary nodules on chest X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans with remarkable precision. By identifying subtle morphological changes that may be missed by human observers, AI significantly increases sensitivity and reduces interobserver variability. Beyond imaging, computational pathology enables AI to analyze histological slides and molecular profiles, providing faster and more consistent results while alleviating the workload of radiologists and pathologists. Despite these breakthroughs, however, clinical implementation of AI remains limited by data privacy concerns, cybersecurity issues, and the need for large, standardized datasets. Moreover, variations in algorithmic performance across imaging modalities highlight the need for external validation and reproducibility before integration into clinical workflows. This literature review explores the evolving role of AI in lung cancer diagnostics across imaging, pathology, and predictive analytics. Understanding these distinctions is crucial to realizing the full potential of AI in transforming diagnostic precision and improving clinical outcomes.
Dental Foreign Body in the Right Bronchi of Elderly Patients: A Case Report Mc. Syaiful Ghazi Yamani; Salim Said Thalib; Suryani Padua Fatrullah; Indana Eva Ajmala; Gemilang Khusnurrokhman
Jurnal Respirasi Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jr.v12-I.2.2026.146-150

Abstract

Introduction: The aspiration of foreign bodies into the airway is rare in adults, except in the elderly with impaired consciousness or difficulty swallowing. Serious complications such as recurrent cough, infection, and pulmonary atelectasis are potentially life-threatening. Diagnosis is made based on medical history and imaging, but in some cases, a computed tomography (CT) scan is required for confirmation before definitive treatment. The use of flexible bronchoscopy under local anesthesia is effective for extracting small foreign bodies, whereas large or sharp foreign bodies require bronchoscopy under general anesthesia. Case: A 65-year-old male presented with a three-week history of coughing up white sputum without coughing up blood, fever, or shortness of breath. A month earlier, the patient was hospitalized for decreased consciousness and status epilepticus for nine days, and diagnosed with anemia, hypokalemia, and hypoalbuminemia. The patient reported losing one tooth during the treatment. On examination, oxygen saturation was 98%, and chest examination results were normal. A chest X-ray showed a dental-density foreign body in the right bronchus, which was confirmed by CT. The patient underwent a foreign body extraction procedure from the right bronchus using flexible bronchoscopy with forceps and basket tips. Conclusion: Elderly patients with tracheobronchial foreign bodies often present with multiple comorbidities, a long disease course, and are sometimes asymptomatic. The use of flexible bronchoscopy is effective and safe in removing foreign bodies from the bronchi.
Review of Pulmonary Sarcoidosis Progress into a Refractory Disease: Risk Factors, Biomarkers and Imaging as the Evaluation Amalia Margaretha Lucas; Antonio Ayrton Widiastara; João Carlos Lopes; Fabiola Idinha Gama da Costa Lobo
Jurnal Respirasi Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jr.v12-I.2.2026.175-181

Abstract

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem, immune-mediated disorder of undetermined etiology, characterized by the formation of non-caseating granulomas. Pulmonary sarcoidosis exhibits highly variable clinical progression. Refractory pulmonary sarcoidosis (RPS), defined as disease unresponsive to standard first- and second-line therapies, remains poorly characterized. Evidence regarding the epidemiology, biomarkers, and prognostic indicators of RPS remains sparse, thereby underscoring a critical knowledge deficit. While the majority of existing studies focus on general pulmonary sarcoidosis, their findings can nonetheless yield valuable insights into refractory disease, in which chronic inflammation and therapeutic resistance pose formidable clinical challenges. Various etiological mechanisms are studied primarily in general sarcoidosis, but persistent inflammation and fibrosis are observed in RPS. Demographic factors influence general sarcoidosis and predispose to RPS. Smaller lung volumes, poor gas exchange, decreased walking distance, and oxygen desaturation aid the diagnosis of sarcoidosis, including RPS. Third-line treatment is indicated to treat RPS, with other options like lung transplantation. Refractory pulmonary sarcoidosis presents significant clinical challenges due to its complex etiology, variable progression, and treatment resistance, necessitating a deeper understanding of its risk factors, biomarkers, and therapeutic strategies. Addressing the knowledge gaps in this area is crucial for improving patient outcomes and guiding future research efforts.
The Effectiveness of Asthma Exercise in Improving Peak Expiratory Flow in Patients with Asthma Dian Kartikasari; Risqi Dewi Aisyah; Selmy Arnis Febgita Sugiyono; Muhammad Kamil Che Hasan
Jurnal Respirasi Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jr.v12-I.2.2026.97-103

Abstract

Introduction: The prevalence of asthma increases annually. In addition to pharmacological therapy, asthma management can also be achieved through non-pharmacological therapies, including physical activity such as jogging or exercise. Exercise for asthma is beneficial for strengthening respiratory muscles and improving lung function, which can be assessed by measuring peak expiratory flow (PEF) with a peak flow meter. This study aimed to determine the effect of asthma exercise on PEF in patients with asthma. Methods: This study employed a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design. A convenience sampling technique was used to select 60 individuals, who were divided into two groups: an intervention group (n=30) and a control group (n=30). The intervention group performed asthma exercise, whereas the control group received no treatment. Peak expiratory flow was measured using a peak flow meter before and after the intervention. Results: A significant difference in mean PEF values was observed between the intervention and control groups. The mean increase in PEF was higher in the intervention group than in the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Asthma exercises significantly increased PEF in patients with asthma. Therefore, asthma exercises can be recommended as a non-pharmacological therapy to aid asthma management.
Endobronchial Tuberculosis Mimicking Lung Malignancy: A Case Report Riza Adi Saputra; Ira Nurrasyidah
Jurnal Respirasi Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jr.v12-I.2.2026.159-164

Abstract

Introduction: Endobronchial tuberculosis (EBTB) is an infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in the tracheobronchial tree. This case report aimed to describe the diagnostic challenge of endobronchial TB mimicking lung malignancy and to emphasize the role of bronchoscopy in establishing the diagnosis. Case: A 28-year-old male complained of a dry cough and weight loss for 4 months and had a lump on the left side of his back and neck for 3 months. Lung palpation found decreased fremitus, dull percussion, and decreased vesicular breath sounds in the middle-left lung. Acid-fast bacilli (AFB) sputum was negative, and the finding of the lump from the fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) was chronic inflammation. Chest X-ray (CXR) showed an irregular border and homogeneous opacity in the left middle lung field. Chest computed tomography (CT) suggested a lung mass with a perihilar-left peribronchial infiltrative solid lesion and enlarged subcarinal and peribronchial lymph nodes. Bronchoscopy revealed easily bleeding leukoplakia in the left upper lobe bronchus; forceps biopsy: nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) MTB detected at very low levels, without rifampicin resistance. Malignant cells were not detected from brushing cytology and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Finally, the patient was diagnosed with EBTB and received 6 months of anti-TB therapy. Conclusion: Bronchoscopy has a higher biopsy sensitivity than FNAB in diagnosing EBTB. The bronchoscopy results in this case indicated an active caseous type. Endobronchial TB therapy uses a standard anti-TB combination for 6-9 months, aiming to eradicate and prevent tracheobronchial stenosis. Hence, there needs to be early diagnosis. This patient showed clinical and radiological improvement after 6 months of therapy. In this case, bronchoscopy was significant for diagnosing EBTB.
Chronic Cavitary Pulmonary Aspergillosis with Divergent Clinical Courses: A Case Series of Two Patients Presenting with Recurrent Hemoptysis Suci Guntari; Darmawan Ismail; Oke Dimas Asmara; Grace Thandekire Sibande
Jurnal Respirasi Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jr.v12-I.2.2026.151-158

Abstract

Introduction: Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is a progressive, potentially life-threatening fungal infection of the lungs. Its management is complicated by comorbidities, chronicity, and diagnostic uncertainty. While antifungal therapy remains the cornerstone of treatment, surgical intervention is indicated in selected cases, especially those presenting with hemoptysis or suspicion of malignancy. Multidisciplinary evaluation and perioperative optimization are crucial, particularly in elderly or complex patients. Case: We described two patients with CPA who exhibited divergent clinical courses. Both were refractory to medical therapy and ultimately underwent surgical intervention. Thoracotomy revealed extensive necrotic cavities with high fungal burden, and histopathology confirmed chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis. Debridement and postoperative antifungal therapy led to significant clinical improvement in both cases. These experiences highlight critical decision points in CPA management, including patient selection for surgery, intraoperative flexibility, and postoperative monitoring. Conclusion: Surgery remains an essential component of comprehensive CPA management, particularly when medical therapy fails or diagnostic uncertainty persists. Integrating surgical and pharmacological strategies through multidisciplinary collaboration ensures optimal outcomes, even in elderly or immunocompetent patients. Carefully timed and individualized surgical intervention provides both diagnostic confirmation and symptomatic relief in cases of advanced or refractory CPA.

Page 34 of 36 | Total Record : 351

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