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Kappa Journal
Published by Universitas Hamzanwadi
ISSN : -     EISSN : 25492950     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Education,
Astronomy Physics Other
Kappa Journal (e-ISSN 2549-2950) mempublikasikan artikel hasil-hasil penelitian fisika, inovasi pembelajaran fisika, dan pemikiran-pemikiran kritis tentang fisika maupun pendidikan fisika. Kappa Journal diterbitkan oleh Universitas Hamzanwadi dua kali setahun yakni setiap bulan Juni dan Desember.
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Articles 416 Documents
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Analisis Peak Ground Accerelation (PGA) di Kabupaten Karangasem Menggunakan Pendekatan Empiris Masitah, Siti; Sukarasa, I Ketut; Dedy Pratama, I Putu; Yuliara, I Made; Suryatika, Ida Bagus Made; Kasmawan, I Gde Antha
Kappa Journal Vol 9 No 1 (2025): April
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/kpj.v9i1.28647

Abstract

Kabupaten Karangasem merupakan bagian dari busur kepulauan Sunda Kecil yang terbentuk akibat proses subduksi lempeng Indo-Australia kebawah lempeng Eurasia sehingga menyebabkan daerah tersebut rawan bencana gempabumi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan nilai peak ground acceleration (PGA) di Kabupaten Karangasem menggunakan rumus empiris terpilih. Data yang digunakan adalah data skunder yang diperoleh dari alat accelerograph tahun 2019-2023 dan data dari katalog BMKG tahun 1972-2022. Dalam menentukan nilai PGA digunakan metode empiris Donovan (1973), Esteva (1970), Mc.Guirre (1963), Fukushima Tanaka (1990), Setiawan (2012). Pada hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rumus empiris Donovan cocok untuk diterapkan di Kabupaten Karangasem. Kabupaten Karangasem bagian timur memiliki tingkat bahaya bencana gempabumi paling besar dengan skala Intensitas VI MMI mencakup Kecamatan Karangasem dan Kecamatan Abang dengan nilai PGA tertinggi yaitu 96 gals.
Pengaruh Focus Film Distance (FFD) terhadap Nilai Uji Kolimasi pada Kolimator Pesawat Sinar-X Stasioner untuk Pemeriksaan Pasien Marcellino, Nathaniel; Ratini, Ni Nyoman; Balik Sudarsana, I Wayan; Sutapa, Gusti Ngurah; Paramarta, I. B. Alit; Kasmawan, I. G. Antha
Kappa Journal Vol 9 No 1 (2025): April
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/kpj.v9i1.28903

Abstract

A study has been conducted on the effect of Focus Film Distance (FFD) on the collimation test values of stationary X-ray unit collimators for patient examinations. This research aims to determine the extent to which FFD affects collimation test values. The FFD variations used were 90 cm, 95 cm, 100 cm, 105 cm, 110 cm, 115 cm, and 120 cm. There are three tests in the collimation test: illumination test, collimation field discrepancy with X-ray beam, and X-ray beam perpendicularity. The illumination test was conducted using a lux meter, which was then averaged per FFD. The resulting illumination values corresponding to the FFD variations were 425.25 lux, 381.55 lux, 343.90 lux, 311.80 lux, 283.50 lux, 259.45 lux, and 238.20 lux. These results conform to the inverse square law. For the collimation field discrepancy values |dX| and |dY|, corresponding to the FFD variations, the values were 0.68 and 0.62; 0.32 and 0.34; 0.02 and 0.02; 0.10 and 0.08; 0.18 and 0.20; 0.34 and 0.32; 0.48 and 0.50, respectively. The X-ray beam perpendicularity value remained constant for all FFD variations at 1.03º. The values obtained from the three tests comply with the Indonesian Ministry of Health Regulation No. 1250/MENKES/SK/XII/2009 concerning Quality Control Guidelines for Radiodiagnostic Equipment.
Studi Pemetaan Kerawanan Gempabumi Berdasarkan Pola-Pola Sesar Menggunakan Focal Mechanism dari Data Gempabumi di Wilayah Bali Crisanti Uduk, Maria; Sukarasa, I Ketut; Tyastama, Arief; Suarbawa, Komang Ngurah; Wendri, Nyoman; Sandi, I Nengah
Kappa Journal Vol 9 No 1 (2025): April
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/kpj.v9i1.29374

Abstract

Research regarding earthquake vulnerability mapping studies based on fault patterns using focal mechanism data from earthquake data in the Bali Region has been carried out. This research aims to determine fault patterns in the Bali region using a focal mechanism from earthquake data for 1976-2021, determine the types of faults in the Bali region when analyzed using the focal mechanism method and determine areas that are prone to earthquakes in the Bali region. The data used are seismograph recordings obtained from the Global Centroid Moment Tensor (CMT) and the United States Geological Survey (USGS). The method used in this research is the focal mechanism method. The results of mapping the distribution of focal balls in the Bali region are that there were 9 earthquake events above 4 M, with 8 events being thrust faults and 1 being an oblique fault. Areas that are prone to earthquakes are in the East Bali region, specifically in Karangasam, and in general earthquakes occur in water areas or at sea. The results of the seismicity map of the distribution of earthquakes show that the depth of earthquakes in the Bali region varies. On the seismicity map, it can be seen that the most dominant ones are earthquakes in the deep and medium earthquake categories, but the most dangerous are earthquakes in the shallow depth category.
Pengaruh Variasi Arus Tabung (mA) Terhadap Kualitas Citra Pada Pesawat Computed Tomography (CT) Scan di RSUD Bali Mandara Sintiya Biantari, I Dewa Ayu; Sutapa, Gusti Ngurah; Alit Paramarta, Ida Bagus; Sandi, I Nengah; Suardana, Putu; Tri Suandayani, Ni Komang; Setiawan, Hendra
Kappa Journal Vol 9 No 1 (2025): April
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/kpj.v9i1.29378

Abstract

Computed Tomography (CT) Scan is one of the essential diagnostic tools in the medical field. CT scan image quality is represented by the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and Contrast-to-Noise Ratio (CNR). This study was conducted to understand the effect of tube current variation on image quality in CT scan examinations. The CT scan parameters were set at an X-ray tube voltage of 120 kV, an exposure time of 1 second, and tube current variations of 100 mA, 200 mA, 300 mA, 400 mA, and 500 mA. From 25 image data obtained from scanning the Tos phantom on the CT scan, data were collected on the average signal intensity of the material, the average signal intensity of the background, and the standard deviation of the background signal intensity obtained from the Region of Interest (ROI) readings on each scanned phantom image. The Pearson correlation test results between tube current and SNR values showed that the Pearson correlation coefficient for polypropylene, nylon, acrylic, delrin, and air were 0.993, 0.992, 0.993, 0.992, and 0.992, respectively. The linear regression correlation coefficient (r) for polypropylene, nylon, acrylic, delrin, and air were also 0.993, 0.992, 0.993, 0.992, and 0.992, respectively. Similarly, the Pearson correlation test results between tube current and CNR values showed that the Pearson correlation coefficient for polypropylene, nylon, acrylic, delrin, and air were 0.992, 0.992, 0.993, 0.992, and 0.992, respectively. The linear regression correlation coefficient (r) for polypropylene, nylon, acrylic, delrin, and air were also 0.992, 0.992, 0.993, 0.992, and 0.992, respectively. These results indicate that for all phantom materials, the tube current value has a strong positive correlation with both SNR and CNR. The SNR and CNR values increase linearly with increasing tube current, suggesting that a higher tube current can improve CT scan image quality.  
Analysis of Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) Plasma System with Variation Flowrate to Increase Wettability Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Putri Arbi, Aliffia Widyasari; Herry Santjojo, D.J. Djoko; Masruroh, Masruroh
Kappa Journal Vol 9 No 1 (2025): April
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/kpj.v9i1.29480

Abstract

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is a widely used fluoropolymer with excellent thermal stability and chemical resistance. However, its hydrophobic nature makes it challenging to process and manage as waste. Plasma treatment is an effective method for modifying PTFE surface properties to improve wettability. This study investigates the effect of Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma treatment on PTFE with variations in oxygen gas flow rates. The plasma reactor was fabricated using a pyrex glass chamber, aluminum tape electrodes, and a stepper motor-driven stirring mechanism to ensure uniform exposure. PTFE samples were treated with DBD plasma at different oxygen flow rates (20–50 mL/min) for three minutes. Wettability changes were analyzed using Contact Angle Measurement (CAM), while plasma characterization was performed using Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES). The results indicate that plasma treatment reduces the PTFE contact angle, improving its wettability. However, at higher flow rates, some samples adhered to the reactor walls, leading to uneven plasma exposure. The study concludes that plasma treatment effectively enhances PTFE wettability, but optimizing flow rate parameters is essential to ensure uniform surface modification.
Analysis of Radiation Dose Received by Radiation Workers With Physical and Biological Dosimeters in The Radiology Unit of Sanjiwani Hospital Mas Janudinata, Gde Ari; Sutapa, Gusti Ngurah; Kasmawan, I Gde Antha; Made Suryatika, Ida Bagus; Artawan, I Nengah; Trisnawati, Ni Luh Putu
Kappa Journal Vol 9 No 1 (2025): April
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/kpj.v9i1.29539

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the impact of radiation exposure on the health of radiation workers at RSUD Sanjiwani Gianyar over the past five years. The evaluation was conducted through a physical approach, measuring radiation doses using Thermoluminescent Dosimeter (TLD), and a biological approach by analyzing the total leukocyte count and its components, namely neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils. The results showed that the highest radiation dose was received by radiology specialists at 0.921 mSv, followed by medical physicists at 0.905 mSv, and radiographers at 0.894 mSv. This variation reflects differences in radiation exposure levels based on each profession's tasks and positions. Leukocyte and component analysis indicated that all values were within normal ranges. Although statistical tests showed significant differences in neutrophil levels between professions, overall radiation doses and leukocyte levels were within the safe limits set by PERKA BAPETEN No. 4 of 2013. The findings underline that radiation protection measures at RSUD Sanjiwani have been effective in minimizing health risks from radiation exposure. However, regular dose monitoring and health evaluations are necessary to ensure long-term protection for radiation workers.  
Analisis Variasi Gantry Terhadap Distribusi Dosis Radiasi Kanker Otak Dengan Teknik Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) Dali Sinaga, Ade Nisa; Sutapa, Gusti Ngurah; Amelia, Cory; Made Suryatika, Ida Bagus; Yuliara, Made; Antha Kasmawan, I Gde; Irhas, Rozi
Kappa Journal Vol 9 No 1 (2025): April
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/kpj.v9i1.29557

Abstract

Penelitian mengenai Analisis Variasi Gantry Terhadap Distribusi Dosis Radiasi Kanker Otak Dengan Teknik Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT). dengan tujuan, untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi jumlah sudut gantry terhadap distribusi dosis pada kasus kanker otak berdasarkan nilai HI,CI pada target kanker serta dosis maksimum pada organ at risk (OAR) menggunakan teknik IMRT. Penelitian dilakukan dengan variasi jumlah sudut gantry 4, 5 dan 6 dengan menggunakan 30 sampel. Kemudian dilakukan analisis data dengan menggunakan uji normalitas dengan uji t satu arah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, distribusi dosis pada PTV dengan nilai HI dan CI untuk variasi jumlah sudut 4,5 dan 6 arah sudut gantry adalah 0,118 dan 0,986; 0,116 dan 0,975; 0,108 dan 0,974. Sedangkan distribusi dosis maksimum OAR pada variasi 4,5 dan 6 arah sudut gantry untuk brainstem 4886,55; 4921,47; 4731,23; Eye R 2676,35; 2830,16; 3123,83; Eye L 3226,19; 3268,59; 3162,92; nervus optikus R 2396,23; 2775,52; 2796,94, nervus optikus L, 2939,97; 2983,12; 2912,47; lens R 789,76; 709,76; 717,32; lens L 738,31; 775,33; 724,02; chiasma, 4153,40; 4460,04; 4020,70. Berdasarkan nilai rata-rata tidak terdapat perbedaan antara nilai hasil perhitungan distribusi dosis dengan nilai ketetapan dosis maksimum dalam Radiation Oncology A Question-Based Review. Hasil penelitin ini menunjukkan bahwa perencanaan lapangan 4 arah sudut gantry memiliki hasil distribusi PTV yang lebih baik dan waktu penyinaran yang lebih siangkat dibandingkan dengan perencanaan 5 dan 6 variasi jumlah arah sudut gantry.
Analisis Distribusi Dosis Radiasi terhadap Perencanaan Radioterapi Menggunakan Metode Segmentasi Citra pada Kasus Tumor Otak dengan Teknik Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) Saputri, Izza Wahyu Saputri; Suryatika, Ida Bagus Made; Amelia, Cory; Sandi, I Nengah; Sumadiyasa, Made; Widagda, I Gusti Agung; Irhas, Rozi
Kappa Journal Vol 9 No 1 (2025): April
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/kpj.v9i1.29562

Abstract

A study has been conducted on the effect of the number of segments on the radiation dose distribution of photon beams in brain tumor cases using the Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) technique. This study used 20 primary data and 10 secondary data from brain tumor patients with 6 MV photon beams and a total dose of 6000 cGy. Calculations were performed by analyzing the Homogeneity Index (HI) and Conformity Index (CI) values as well as the radiation dose to the Organs at Risk (OAR), followed by statistical testing. Based on the conducted research, the results showed that HI and CI values for 5, 10, and 15 segments were different. For example, the HI value for 5 segments was more homogeneous, approaching 0, and the CI value for 10 segments was closer to 1, which indicates a better match with the PTV shape. The average maximum dose distribution for OARs with 5 segments in the brainstem, chiasma, left eye, right eye, left lens, and right lens were 4541.9 cGy, 3893.8 cGy, 2754.2 cGy, 2516.1 cGy, 740.8 cGy, and 628.0 cGy, respectively. With 10 segments, the doses for these OARs were 4104.2 cGy, 3633.9 cGy, 2583.9 cGy, 3124.2 cGy, 710.5 cGy, and 625.5 cGy, respectively. With 15 segments, the doses for the same OARs were 4123.0 cGy, 3956.2 cGy, 2753.3 cGy, 2433.7 cGy, 667.7 cGy, and 547.8 cGy, respectively. All maximum dose distributions for the OARs received by the patients were still within the tolerance limits stated in the Radiation Oncology A Question-Based Review 2nd Edition.
Optimasi Slice Thickness dengan Nilai Signal to Noise Ratio dan Contrast to Noise Ratio untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Citra MRI Genu Anastasia Victor, Agnes Maria Salvi; Sutapa, Gusti Ngurah; Gunawan, A. A. Ngurah; Sandi, I Nengah; Rupiasih, Ni Nyoman; Simpen, I Nengah
Kappa Journal Vol 9 No 1 (2025): April
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/kpj.v9i1.29591

Abstract

Research has been conducted on the effect of slice thickness variation on the quality of Genu MRI images. This study was conducted at the Radiology Installation of Bali Mandara Hospital using primary data from Genu MRI examination results.The independent variable in this study is the variation of slice thickness values of 3, 5, and 7 mm. There were 30 patientsmeasured and the tissues analyzed were ligament, bone, fat, and noise as background using the ROI method and the segmentation results wereresults were taken at the mean value and standard deviation in the background. The difference in SNR and CNR values due to variations in slice thickness values can be tested using the Factorial Anova test. The results of this study obtained that there is an effect of slice thickness variation on SNR and CNR values that will have an impact on the quality of MRI Genu images. The greater the slice thickness value analyzed, the greater the SNR and CNR values produced and the better the image quality. In ligament tissue, the average SNR values of 3, 5 and 7 mm are 23.830; 36.594; and 50.524, respectively. In bone tissue, 191.352; 277.399, and 344.170 were obtained. In fat tissue, SNRs of 9,460, 292,022, and 367,463 were obtained. Changing the slice thickness will directly affect the SNR. It can be seen that the higher the slice thickness value given, the higher the SNR and CNR values for each tissue evaluated and the longer the scanning time required. In the slice thickness variation.
Radiation Dose Determination and Body Mass Index (BMI) Evaluation in Abdomen CT Scan Examination Patients Using the Size-Specific Dose Estimate (SSDE) Method Prawistya Putra, I Made Gede Mas; Sutapa, Gusti Ngurah; Kasmawan, I Gde Antha; Made Suryatika, Ida Bagus; Putra Adnyana, I Gusti Agung; Simpen, I Nengah
Kappa Journal Vol 9 No 1 (2025): April
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/kpj.v9i1.29592

Abstract

A study has been conducted on determining radiation doses and evaluating body mass index (BMI) in patients undergoing CT-Scan Abdomen examinations using the Size Specific Dose Estimate Method at the Bali Mandara Radiology Installation. One of the factors that influences the radiation dose received by patients is the Body Mass Index (BMI). The Size Specific Dose Estimate (SSDE) method is used to assess radiation doses based on patient size, which is often associated with BMI. This study aims to determine the estimated radiation dose of each patient and evaluate the relationship between BMI and the dose received. This study used a CT-Scan brand SIEMENS SOMATOM PERSPECTIVE (serial number 78068). The population in this study were patients undergoing CT-Scan Abdomen examinations. The sample consisted of several BMI categories, namely thin, normal, overweight, and obese. The analysis was carried out using linear regression to measure the relationship between BMI and SSDE, as well as a one-way t-test to see the difference in the average SSDE value in each BMI category. The results showed that each increase in one BMI category caused an increase in SSDE values ​​of 1,566 mGy. The R² value of 98.56% indicated that the BMI category explained almost all of the variability in SSDE values. However, a one-way t-test statistic showed that there was no significant difference in the average SSDE values ​​in the thin, normal, overweight, and obese categories (F count <F table, so H₀ was accepted). This study showed that patients with higher BMI tended to receive higher radiation doses, but the differences between categories were not statistically significant.

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