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INDONESIA
Journal of Environmental Science and Sustainable Development
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : -     EISSN : 26556847     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/
Core Subject : Humanities, Science, Social,
Humanities Energy Environmental Science Social Sciences
Journal of Environmental Science and Sustainable Development (JESSD) is a biannual refereed journal which provides an opportunity for academics, practitioners, policymaker, and community to examine and exchange on a wide range of environmental issues and bridges the gap between research and the application of environmental science in management and policy practices. The JESSD includes and promotes scientific work and practical dimensions of environmental science and sustainable development issues, from the developing countries, especially in South East Asia region, and also strengthens the collaboration between the developed and developing countries around the world.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Lingkungan (semua ketegori) - Ilmu Lingkungan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 163 Documents
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ASSESSING THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE Florence, Ojo Oluwayinka; Sunday, Olaniyan Olatunji; Saheed, Akolade Adebola; Omotayo, Alabi Oluwaseyi; Adesope, Olaomotito Precious; John, Adebayo Kehinde
Journal of Environmental Science and Sustainable Development Vol. 7, No. 2
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Abstract

Municipal solid waste (MSW) management presents significant environmental challenges, especially with increasing urbanization and population growth. This study assesses the environmental impacts of MSW, focusing on waste composition, management practices, and their effects on air, water, and soil quality. The primary objective is to evaluate how MSW contributes to environmental degradation and to explore strategies for mitigating these impacts. A hypothesis was developed that optimizing waste composition through proper sorting and treatment can reduce the environmental footprint of MSW management by at least 10% in terms of leachate production and greenhouse gas emissions. Samples were collected using a randomized sampling approach across different zones within the landfill to capture variability in waste composition. Key parameters analyzed included moisture content, pH, Ignition Loss (IL), Residue Ignition (RI), Total Carbon (Tc), Total Organic Carbon (TOC), Calorific Value (Cv), and the Carbon-Nitrogen (C/N) ratio. Statistical methods, including ANOVA, were applied to compare moisture content across sample locations, and correlation analyses were conducted to investigate relationships between parameters such as pH and microbial activity. Hygroscopic, total moisture, and Total Solids (TS) were measured at 34.06%, 46.45%, and 53.55%, respectively. The pH ranged from 5.084 to 5.100, IL was between 72.04% and 78.92%, and the C/N ratio 38.87. These values, though still within the recommended threshold for landfill disposal, suggest that the high moisture content and slightly acidic pH present challenges for waste treatment, especially for landfill and composting processes. The high moisture content directly impacts the study's objective of understanding waste composition's impact on landfill sustainability, as it increases leachate production and reduces waste-to-energy potential. The findings highlight the need for improved sorting, recycling, and treatment technologies to enhance sustainability in MSW management. Future research should focus on integrating emerging technologies and policies to address these challenges and minimize the environmental impact of waste.
SPATIAL SEGREGATION AND SOCIOECONOMIC DISPARITIES IN URBAN LAND USE PATTERNS Lestari, Intan; Hasibuan, Hayati Sari; Ardiwijaya, Vevin Syoviawati
Journal of Environmental Science and Sustainable Development Vol. 7, No. 2
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Jakarta, a city that has continued to develop, is marked by the growth of population in Jakarta. This growth has been accompanied by an increasing demand for land, resulting in spatial segregation. Some areas have large expanses of land, while others are densely populated and cramped. The purpose of this study is to analyze spatial segregation in the Penjaringan and Pluit Subdistricts of North Jakarta. The research employs a qualitative descriptive analysis method, spatial analysis using Moran's and Getis-Ord Gi*, and a literature review enriched with interviews. The research findings indicate clear spatial segregation between Pluit and Penjaringan, divided into positive and negative hotspot clusters representing larger vs. very narrow land parcels. It is also shown by the clustering pattern with the 0.03 Moran index value. The contrast in segregation depicts demographic and socioeconomic characteristics between the two areas. This pattern is also similar to the land value zones, where Penjaringan has lower land values than Pluit. These findings underscore the pressing need for inclusive urban planning strategies to address spatial disparities. Policies that promote shared public spaces, equitable infrastructure distribution, and mixed-use development could help bridge the socioeconomic divide. By integrating spatial equity into planning practices, urban development can foster greater social cohesion and ensure that the benefits of growth are more evenly distributed across all areas. This approach is vital for creating sustainable and inclusive urban environments.
IMPACT OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT ON UV EXPOSURE: A CLUSTERING AND MACHINE LEARNING ASSESSMENT Sahroni, Taufik Roni, Mr.; Yasin, Verdi; Alfaris, Lulut; Ariefka, Reza; Siagian, Ruben Cornelius; Karim, Mohammad Alfin; Rahdiana, Nana; Suhara, Ade
Journal of Environmental Science and Sustainable Development Vol. 7, No. 2
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Abstract

The relocation of Indonesia's capital city is anticipated to promote inclusive economic growth while embracing cultural diversity. However, this transition may affect ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure patterns. The study investigated variations in UV exposure in the IKN region, focusing on urban development factors such as land use and population density that affect public health, sun protection, and skin cancer prevention. The research hypothesized that UV radiation is significantly correlated with these factors. UV Index data from 2010-2023, a hierarchical clustering method, identifies complex data patterns without determining the number of clusters. XGBoost, a machine learning model, was used for handling high-dimensional data and strong non-linear interactions, outperforming Random Forest in predicting Ultraviolet A variables. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant inter-group differences, which were validated by Tukey HSD post-hoc tests. Results showed that Cluster 4 was the region with the highest UV exposure. In contrast, Cluster 5 recorded the lowest, with exposure levels ranging from 6.61 to 15.82, a considerable difference of 9.21. The findings underscore the role of geographic and environmental factors in shaping UV exposure patterns, with implications for public health. Areas with high UV exposure face higher risks, including skin cancer and premature ageing. The predictive accuracy of the XGBoost model highlights its usefulness in addressing UV-related health risks. The study advocates for improved UV protection strategies and informed health policies to mitigate climate change impacts and promote sustainable urban development. The findings suggest that the development of data-driven early warning systems for UV radiation exposure could be implemented to improve public health policy and safety.
THE CRAB SILVOFISHERY SYSTEM AS A CONSERVATION STRATEGY IN MANGROVE RESTORATION AREA: A CASE STUDY ON THE COAST OF BANYUASIN, SOUTH SUMATRA Apriyanto, Apriyanto; Suwignyo, Rujito Agus; Ulqodry, Tengku Zia; Sarno, Sarno; Aryawati, Riris; Muhtadi, Muhtadi; Purnomo, Herry; Okarda, Beni
Journal of Environmental Science and Sustainable Development Vol. 8, No. 1
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Abstract

Anthropogenic activities such as logging and converting mangrove forests into plantations have degraded coastal ecosystems and reduced their ecological stability. Silvofishery is a restoration system that balances the ecological and economic functions of mangroves. In Marga Sungsang Village, South Sumatra, mangrove restoration was integrated with mud crab (Scylla spp.) cultivation through a crab silvofishery system. This study aimed to analyze the contribution of mangrove restoration with a mud crab silvofishery system to mud crab growth. The study was conducted from August 2024 to January 2025. Growth parameters included carapace length, width, and body weight. Analyses covered absolute growth and the correlation between carapace width and body weight. Results showed that in non-mangrove ponds, Scylla tranquebarica males exhibited negative allometry (prominent carapace width), while females showed positive allometry (prominent body weight). Scylla paramamosain showed negative allometry in both sexes. In contrast, in mangrove ponds, both species showed positive allometry for both sexes, indicating higher weight gain. These findings suggest that mangrove vegetation provides optimal habitat conditions by increasing nutrient availability, protecting crabs during molting, and improving substrate quality. The results not only demonstrate the bioecological relationship between mangrove vegetation and mangrove crab growth but also highlight the role of crab silvofishery systems in supporting food security, mitigating climate change, and conserving coastal ecosystems. These results align with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically goal 2 (end hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture), goal 13 (climate action), and goal 14 (life below water). Although informative, this study was limited by temporal observations conducted only at the start of seed stocking and at harvest. Further research with continuous monitoring and environmental parameter analysis is needed. The findings can support mangrove restoration policies that integrate vegetation recovery with sustainable community-based aquaculture and promote blue economy development.
UNDERSTANDING OFFLINE PRO-ENVIRONMENTAL IDENTITY: FACTORS AND IMPLICATIONS Tusyanah, Tusyanah; Haryanti, Rahayu Puji; Sakitri, Wijang; Ismiyati, Ismiyati; Chayati, Nur
Journal of Environmental Science and Sustainable Development Vol. 8, No. 1
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Abstract

Given global environmental challenges, developing sustainable behavior among pre-service teachers is crucial, as they will be responsible to educate future generations who must contribute to solving environmental problems. Offline pro-environmental identity refers as the individual's environmental commitment in real-life setting. Previous studies have primarily focused on online identity and behavioral intentions, while real-life behavioral context have not been fully examined. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of the online pro-environmental identity, the perceived behavioral control, and the moral identity on the behavioral intention and the offline pro-environmental behavior. The study employed a quantitative research design and adopted Covariance-Based Structural Equation Modeling (CB-SEM) to analyze the data. The population was all Economics Education students of Universitas Negeri Semarang. A proportionate simple random sampling method was employed to choose 277 respondents. Questionnaire-based data were obtained and analyzed using CB-SEM. The findings reveal that intention was a strong and positive predictor of offline pro-environmental behavior (H1). Moral identity significantly influences intention (H2) and affects offline behavior both directly (H3) and indirectly through intention (H8). Online pro-environmental identity also has a significant influence on both intention (H4) and offline behavior (H5), with both effects mediated by intention (H9). However, perceived behavioral control has no impact on either intention (H6) or discharge behavior offline (H7), even indirectly through intention (H10). R value for intention is a moderate 0.539 whereas offline pro-environmental behaviour shows a strong R value at 0.963. These results emphasize the importance of intention for transforming values and identity to actual ecological behaviour. Enhancing moral and online pro-environmental identity can be beneficial to the development of sustainable behavior in offline context which calls for joint efforts in environmental education and behavioral interventions.
EFFECTIVE AND ECO-FRIENDLY STRATEGIES TO CONTROL BIRDS IN INDUSTRIAL ESTATE Rahayu, Jasti; Hadi, Upik K; Soviana, Susi
Journal of Environmental Science and Sustainable Development Vol. 8, No. 1
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Bird infestations in industrial areas can cause infrastructure damage, contamination, and health risks. Despite these impacts, they are rarely addressed in environmental management strategies. At the Kaltim Industrial Estate (KIE) in Bontang, East Kalimantan, synanthropic bird species that thrive in human-altered environments have become persistent nuisances, particularly because of structural opportunities for roosting and altered ecological conditions. To address this issue, this study applied Integrated Pest Bird Management (IPBM), a non-lethal and environmentally friendly approach that combines species identification, behavior analysis, and targeted deterrents. IPBM was selected for its adaptability to industrial settings and its alignment with sustainable development goals. This study conducted from January to July 2024 at KIE, Riksa Gatra Prima, in collaboration with Institute Pertanian Bogor (IPB). Veterinary and Medical Entomology Laboratory. The Birds were identified based on their morphological features and vocalizations. Three nonlethal control methods: predator sound playback, laser pointers, and net installations, which were selected for their previous use in wildlife control and low ecological impacts. The data were descriptively analyzed and supported by visual documentation. The Asian glossy starling (Aplonis panayensis) was identified as the sole pest species with a density of 13 individuals per meter. Its success is attributed to its territoriality, adaptability, and social roosting. Predator sounds and lasers were ineffective (0%), whereas net installations achieved complete bird exclusion (100%) over 14-day period. Although limited to one species and site, the findings demonstrate the effectiveness of netting as a scalable, eco-friendly deterrent. This method can be integrated into environmental frameworks, such as the Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan (EMMP) and ISO 14001, to support sustainable operations and biodiversity protection in industrial zones.
COAL MINING RECLAMATION: LESSONS LEARNED FROM TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL COUNTRIES Pambudi, Priyaji Agung; Utomo, Suyud Warno; Handoko, Roni Setyo
Journal of Environmental Science and Sustainable Development Vol. 8, No. 1
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This study addresses the persistent environmental challenges associated with coal mining in tropical and subtropical regions, where complex microclimates and ecological variability hinder effective reclamation. Despite the increasing global coal demand, comparative cross-country insights remain limited. This research fills the gap by evaluating the best practices. This study employs a qualitative methodology with a comparative case study design, uses systematic literature review to evaluate ecology based reclamation policies and implementation practices. Data were sourced from peer-reviewed journals from Scopus and the Web of Science database and institutional reports, and analyzed using McHarg’s landscape ecology theory to evaluate reclamation policies, ecological challenges, and implementation practices. The results reveal that while all four tropical coal-producing countries possess clear regulatory frameworks for reclamation, their effectiveness varies due to ecological, climatic, and enforcement disparities. Australia demonstrates the most successful model, integrating strict policies with advanced technology and sustainable financing. Conversely, Colombia, Indonesia, and South Africa face challenges in enforcement and consistency. Thematic analysis from Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), shows that research is dominated by ecological and biodiversity aspects (44 articles), followed by reclamation technologies (22), economic-social factors (8), and regulatory studies (3). Aligning with McHarg’s landscape ecology theory, the study finds that successful reclamation hinges on site-specific ecological strategies, that are responsive to microclimates and landscape typologies. Technologies such as overburden non-acid forming (OB-NAF) encapsulation and electrodialysis reflect the ecosystem-based approach. However, future research must include empirical validation and community participation to strengthen long-term reclamation success and ecological resilience.
MICROBIAL AND ECOPHYSIOLOGICAL INDICES OF AGRICULTURAL SOILS AS AFFECTED BY DIFFERENT FARMING PRACTICES IN TROPICAL MONSOON CLIMATE Begum, Gulshan Ara; Roy, Sajal; Chowdhury, Nasrin
Journal of Environmental Science and Sustainable Development Vol. 8, No. 1
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Organic farming is increasingly promoted as a sustainable alternative to conventional agriculture due to its positive effects on soil microbial dynamics, a critical component of ecosystem functioning. However, empirical comparisons of microbial responses across these systems are scarce. Therefore, we conducted a study to assess the various microbial indices of soils taken from distinct crop fields (e.g., brinjal, chilli, tomato, bean, and fallow lands) managed under both conventional and organic farming techniques. Composite soil samples from surface layer (0–15 cm) were collected in a completely random way from Bandarban upazila of Bangladesh (22°11'24.0"N 92°09'00.0"E, organic fields; 22°10'12.0"N 92°09'36.0"E, conventional fields). After 10-days of pre-incubation at 60% of water holding capacity (WHC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) of soils were assessed by chloroform fumigation-extraction method, and key microbial efficiency indicators (e.g., metabolic quotient, qCO2; microbial quotient, qMic and mineralization quotient, qM) were analyzed. Microbial activity (MA) was measured over 60 days. The results indicated that organic farming generally supports higher MBC and MBN levels, as observed in organic chilli (585.22 mg kg-1 MBC, 92.36 mg kg-1 MBN) and organic tomato (382.07 mg kg-1 MBC, 160.84 mg kg-1 MBN). In contrast, conventional farming exhibited significantly higher MA and qCO2 values. Conventional chilli and bean fields showed particularly high qCO2 (0.26 mg CO2-C/mg Cmic h-1×10-4 and 0.08 mg CO2-C/mg Cmic h-1×10-4) and mineralization quotient values (0.80% and 0.75%, respectively). A significant (p2. Our results suggest that soil microbial abundance in conventional farming are under stress, showing low efficiency with accelerated nutrient turnover. Notably, exceptions such as higher MBC and MBN in conventional tomato and brinjal fields reflected crop-specific responses. The present study demonstrates the need for future research on microbial community structure across diverse agroecosystems.
STAKEHOLDER PERSPECTIVES ON EXTENDED PRODUCER RESPONSIBILITY (EPR) AND E-WASTE MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY OF CHINA Pongajow, Viola Dheena; Qin, Yufei; Xu, Kaihua; Liu, Siliang; Zhang, Zongliang; Liu, Fangyang
Journal of Environmental Science and Sustainable Development Vol. 8, No. 1
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Electronic waste (e-waste) is increasing at an unprecedented rate, with China as the world’s largest contributor. Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) has emerged as a key policy tool in China's effort to control the environmental and health impacts of e-waste. However, existing research on EPR tends to focus narrowly on government perspectives and policy design, overlooking how industries, associations, and researchers perceive and implement the system. This study addresses this gap by exploring the stakeholder dynamics within China’s formal e-waste management ecosystem. It hypothesizes that stakeholder perceptions diverge according to their roles, financial incentives, and policy understanding, influencing EPR’s effectiveness in practice. This qualitative research uses semi-structured interviews and on-site observations to collect primary data from green industries, national associations, and research institutions. Manual coding and thematic analysis were applied to identify recurring patterns related to EPR implementation, subsidy reform, and institutional alignment. The findings show that industries prioritize financial sustainability and often lack a full comprehensive understanding of EPR, while associations serve as policy intermediaries and research institutions emphasize the risks of sudden subsidy withdrawal. The study also identifies role confusion between producers and recyclers, particularly following the suspension of the WEEE subsidy scheme in 2023. These findings confirm the hypothesis and suggest that policy effectiveness is heavily shaped by stakeholder motivation, capacity, and interdependence. This paper concludes that the successful EPR systems depends not only clear regulations but also shared responsibility mechanisms, targeted education, and adaptive financial support. The insights offer valuable lessons for developing countries aiming to establish resilient e-waste governance frameworks aligned with local institutional capacities.
EVALUATION OF SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT POST CHANGES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF THE NATURAL RESERVE TO THE NATURAL TOURISM PARK IN KAMOJANG AREA, WEST JAVA, INDONESIA Hindayani, Purna; Bratanegara, Alnidi Safarach; Putri, Intan Adhi Perdana; Anna, Zuzy; Pratama, Armandha Redo
Journal of Environmental Science and Sustainable Development Vol. 8, No. 1
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The area of Kamojang Nature Tourism Park, which was originally only 255 hectares, has expanded to 2,391 hectares following a changes in the Nature Reserve area. This change has raised concerns and objections from various parties, as it is considered to open opportunities for exploitation, threaten biodiversity, and potentially trigger tourism activities that may degrade the environmental quality of the areaThis study aims to analyze the sustainability status index of the Kamojang Natural Tourism Park following the status downgrade from a Nature Reserve to a Natural Tourism Park. A descriptive qualitative approach used, utilizing the Multi-dimensional Scaling model to determine sustainability status. The sustainability index status of the Natural Tourism Park of Kamojang is subdivided from each of dimensions: natural tourism management, ecological or environmental, economic, disaster, socio-culture aspects. In addition, this study identifies sensitive attributes that influence the sustainability status of the Natural Tourism Park of Kamojang, which serve as a basis for developing appropriate policies to ensure the sustainable and conserved Natural Tourism Park (NTP). The results show that the sustainability index status across all five dimensions are below 50 which derived from five dimensions (tourism management, disaster, ecology/environment, economy, socio-culture) that the status is regarded as bad and less sustainable specifically of the NTP situated in of Pasirwangi, Paseh, Pacet and Kertasari sub-districts. These finding highlights the critical need for integrated, and multidimensional interventions to address systemic vulnerabilities and promote sustainable development within rural tourism ecosystems. Therefore, a comprehensive strategy for sustainable tourism development is essential in various aspects ranging from planning, capability and land feasibility to determining the carrying capacity and mitigation as well as developing activities and tourist attractions.

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