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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Published by Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
ISSN : 25024752     EISSN : 25024760     DOI : -
Core Subject :
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 9,138 Documents
 884   885   886   887   888 
Web-Based Attacks Detection Using Deep Learning Techniques: A Comprehensive Review Alghofaili, Lujain Nasser; Ibrahim, Dina M.
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 39, No 1: July 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v39.i1.pp466-484

Abstract

Web applications are utilized extensively by a broad user base, and the services provided by these applications assist enterprises in enhancing the quality of their service operations as well as increasing their revenue or resources. To gain control of web servers, attackers will frequently attempt to modify the web requests that are sent by users from web applications. Attacks that are based on the web can be detected to help avoid the manipulation of web applications. In addition, a variety of research has offered many methods, one of which is artificial intelligence (AI), which is the method that has been utilized the most frequently to identify web-based attacks recently. When it comes to the protection of web applications, anomaly detection techniques used by intrusion prevention systems are preferred.  Deep learning, often known as DL, is going to be covered in this paper as anomaly-based web attack detection methods and machine learning techniques. With the purpose of organizing our selected techniques into a comprehensive framework that encourages future studies, we first explained the most concepts that related to web-based attacks detection, then we moved on to discuss the most prevalent web risks and may provide inherent difficulties for keeping web applications safe.  We classify previous studies on detecting web attacks into two categories: deep learning and machine learning. Lastly, we go over the features of the previously utilized datasets in summary form.
Development of character extraction techniques to detect chicken gender based on egg shape Setiawan, Adil; Yuhandri, Yuhandri; Tajuddin, Muhammad
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 38, No 3: June 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v38.i3.pp1851-1861

Abstract

This research investigates the differentiation of chicken sex based on egg shape images by developing an innovative eccentricity shape feature extraction method. The goal is to determine the sex of chickens before hatching, by identifying the sex of the egg prior to incubation. Images of eggs are captured using a smartphone camera, creating a dataset of 150 images each of male and female eggs, with expert assistance. The research aims to accurately identify male and female eggs, aiding breeders in sorting them. The research introduces a unique method to expand the eccentricity value range, enhancing the precision of egg shape analysis. Characteristic extraction results include: area = 1290194, eccentricity = 6.56, contrast = 0.03, correlation = 0.99, energy = 0.44, and homogeneity = 0.98, with a previous value of 0.72. For Feature Selection, the values obtained are: eccentricity = 0.901188049, Area = 0.73, Energy = 0.03, Contrast = 0.01, Homogeneity = 0.01, and Correlation = 0.01. These findings demonstrate significant improvements in differentiating chicken sex from egg images, showcasing the effectiveness of the newly developed eccentricity shape feature extraction method.
Improved feature extraction method and K-means clustering for soil fertility identification based on soil image Ramadhanu, Agung; Hendri, Halifia; Enggari, Sofika; Andini, Silfia; Devita, Retno; Rianti, Eva
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 38, No 3: June 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v38.i3.pp2001-2011

Abstract

This research is conducting analysis of digital land images using digital image processing techniques. The main purpose of the research is to classify soil fertility based on two-dimensional RGB colored digital soil images. The research is done by extracting features and shapes from the soil image. The research uses methods of segmentation, extraction, and identification against digital soil images. This research is carried out in three stages. The first phase of this research is image pre-processing which begins with the conversion of RGB color image to Grayscale then color conversion to binary which subsequently performs noise reduction with the method Three-layer median filter. The second stage is a process that is divided into the first two stages, namely the process of segmentation by grouping RGB color images into L*a*b which is continued by clustering using the K-means clustering method. The second is the extraction of characteristics of the soil image which is characteristic of shape and texture. The final stage is the identification of soil images that are clustered into two types: fertile soils and unfertile soil. The study achieved an accuracy of 85% which could accurately identify 20 images while inaccurately classifying 5 images out of a total of 25 input images.
Enhancing urban cyclist safety through integrated smart backpack system Gómez, Sergio; Mejía, Daniel; Martínez, Fredy
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 39, No 1: July 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v39.i1.pp118-130

Abstract

The increasing adoption of bicycles as a sustainable mode of urban transportation has underscored the urgent need for enhanced safety measures for cyclists. This paper presents the development and implementation of an integrated smart backpack system designed to improve the safety and visibility of urban cyclists. The system leverages advanced technologies, including the ESP32 microcontroller, GPS modules, proximity sensors, and LED lighting, to create a semiautomatic solution that adapts to environmental conditions and cyclist behavior in real-time. Extensive testing under various conditions, including low visibility and adverse weather, demonstrated the system’s reliability in enhancing cyclist visibility and reducing accident risks. The smart backpack also features a userfriendly mobile application, providing real-time data on speed, distance, and location, which further contributes to rider safety. The results indicate significant potential for this technology to be widely adopted, offering a practical and effective solution to the growing safety concerns of urban cyclists. This work not only advances the field of wearable safety technologies but also sets the foundation for future innovations in smart transportation systems, contributing to safer and more sustainable urban mobility
Boosting real-time vehicle detection in urban traffic using a novel multi-augmentation Ashari, Imam Ahmad; Syafei, Wahyul Amien; Wibowo, Adi
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 39, No 1: July 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v39.i1.pp656-668

Abstract

Real-time vehicle object detection in urban traffic is crucial for modern traffic management systems. This study focuses on improving the accuracy of vehicle identification and classification in heavy traffic during peak hours, with particular emphasis on challenges such as small object sizes and interference from light reflections. The use of multi-label images enables the simultaneous detection of various vehicle types within a single frame, providing more detailed information about traffic conditions. You only look once (YOLO) was chosen for its capability to perform real-time object detection with high accuracy. Multi-augmentation techniques were applied to enrich the training data, making the model more robust to varying lighting conditions, viewpoints, object occlusions, and issues related to small objects. YOLOv8n and YOLOv9t were selected for their speed and efficiency. Models without augmentation, 10 single-augmentation techniques, and 5 multi-augmentation techniques were tested. The results show that YOLOv8n with multiaugmentation (scaling, zoom in, brightness adjustment, color jitter, and noise injection) achieved the highest mAP50-95 score of 0.536, surpassing YOLOv8n with single-augmentation Blur, which had an mAP50-95 of 0.465, as well as YOLOv8n without augmentation, which scored 0.390. Multiaugmentation proved to significantly enhance YOLO’s performance.
OPT-TMS: a transport management system based on unsupervised clustering algorithms Reguemali, Soufiane; Moussaid, Abdellatif; Elaoudi, Abdelmajid
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 39, No 1: July 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v39.i1.pp425-435

Abstract

Transportation management within modern logistics has become increasingly complex, particularly with the expansion of industrial zones outside urban centers. This paper introduces OPT-TMS, a cutting-edge transportation management system (TMS) designed to optimize employee transportation using advanced machine learning techniques, specifically unsupervised learning and clustering algorithms. OPT-TMS integrates a comprehensive dataset that includes employee locations, entry times, bus capacities, and other critical parameters to enhance resource utilization, reduce costs, and improve overall efficiency. The proposed system follows a systematic workflow encompassing data collection, preparation, and adaptive clustering using the K-means algorithm with constraints. The innovative approach leverages real-time data integration through the open route services (ORS) API to optimize bus routes and collection points. Extensive validation, involving both data verification and physical testing, confirms the system’s accuracy and effectiveness across multiple Moroccan cities, including Casablanca, Kenitra, and Marrakech. The development of OPT-TMS into a user-friendly web application further demonstrates its practical utility, offering decision-makers a dynamic tool for real-time adjustments and efficient transportation management. This paper concludes that OPT-TMS represents a significant advancement in transportation logistics, enhancing both employee satisfaction and operational efficiency through data-driven optimization.
Fabric materials classification device using YOLOv8 algorithm Alawiya, Tuti; Isdi, Muhammad Ridho; Yusfi, Meqorry; Harmadi, Harmadi
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 38, No 3: June 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v38.i3.pp1479-1488

Abstract

The fashion industry in Indonesia significantly contributes to the country’s creative economy. However, public knowledge about various types of fabric materials is still limited, often leading to fraud. This research aims to develop a device that can classify fabric materials based on their structure using computer vision techniques. The device uses a digital microscope endoscope magnifier 1600x USB camera to capture fabric structure images and the YOLOv8 algorithm to classify 17 types of fabric materials from 1,700 raw image data. The research methodology includes collecting fabric image datasets, preprocessing data, and training the YOLOv8 model. The results show that the YOLOv8 model achieves an accuracy of 98%. The classification results are displayed on an LCD connected to NodeMCU ESP8266. System testing shows that the device effectively classifies fabric materials, sends the results to the database via API, and displays the results on the LCD. Overall, this device provides an effective solution for distinguishing types of fabrics and preventing fraud in fabric purchases.
An improved efficientnet-B5 for cucurbit leaf identification Ha, Quang Hung; Hoang, Trong-Minh; Pham, Minh Trien
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 39, No 1: July 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v39.i1.pp336-344

Abstract

Plant diseases significantly impact the quality and productivity of crops, leading to substantial economic losses. This paper introduces two enhanced EfficientNet-B5 architectures, EfficientNetB5-sigca and EfficientNetB5- sigbi, specifically designed to detect and classify diseases in cucurbit leaves. We employ EfficientNet-B5 for feature extraction, using a 456×456×3 input and omitting the top layer to generate feature maps with Swish activation. A global average pooling 2D layer replaces the conventional fully connected layer, producing a flattened vector. This is followed by a dense layer with four output units, L2 regularization, and sigmoid activation, using either categorical or binary cross-entropy as the loss function. We also developed a novel image dataset targeting cucumber and cantaloupe leaves, including 11,425 augmented images categorized into four disease classes: anthracnose, powdery mildew, downy mildew, and fresh leaf. Our experiments dataset demonstrates that the EfficientNetB5-sigbi achieves an accuracy of 97.07%, marking a significant improvement in classifying similar diseases in cucurbit leaves.
Real-time driver drowsiness detection based on integrative approach of deep learning and machine learning model Shankara Chari, Gowrishankar Shiva; Prashant, Jyothi Arcot
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 39, No 1: July 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v39.i1.pp592-602

Abstract

Driver drowsiness is a major factor that contributing to road accidents. Several researches are ongoing to detect driver drowsiness, but they suffer from the complexity and cost of the models. This paper introduces a hybrid artificial intelligence (AI)-driven framework integrating deep learning (DL) and machine learning (ML) models for real-time drowsiness detection. The system utilizes a robust DL model to classify driver states based on facial images and support vector machine (SVM) model is trained to develop a cost-efficient yet robust facial landmark detector to extract key features such as eye aspect ratio (EAR) and mouth aspect ratio (MAR). We also introduce a multi-stage decision fusion mechanism that combines convolutional neural network (CNN) probability scores with EAR/MAR thresholds to enhance detection reliability and reduce false positives. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves 98% accuracy and F1-score, significantly outperforming traditional DL approaches. Additionally, the SVM-based landmark predictor shows improved efficiency with lower mean squared error (MSE) without having higher computational requirements.
Enhanced time series forecasting using hybrid ARIMA and machine learning models Arumugam, Vignesh; Natarajan, Vijayalakshmi
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 38, No 3: June 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v38.i3.pp1970-1979

Abstract

Accurate energy demand forecasting is essential for optimizing resource management and planning within the energy sector. Traditional time series models, such as ARIMA and SARIMA, have long been employed for this purpose. However, these methods often face limitations in handling nonstationary data, complexity in model tuning, and susceptibility to overfitting. To address these challenges, this study proposes a hybrid approach that integrates traditional statistical models with advanced computational methods. By combining the strengths of both approaches, the proposed models aim to enhance predictive accuracy, improve computational efficiency, and maintain robustness across varied energy datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that these hybrid models consistently outperform standalone traditional methods, providing more reliable and precise forecasts. These findings underscore the potential of hybrid methodologies in advancing energy demand forecasting and supporting more effective decision-making in energy management.

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