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Implikasi terhadap Status Kepemilikan Hak atas Tanah dalam Transformasi UMKM Menjadi Perseroan Terbatas Perorangan Dewinta Sukma Wijaya; Isnaeni, Diyan
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): APRIL
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i1.11826

This study aims to analyze the transformation of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) into individual limited liability companies and the legal implications on land ownership status. The enactment of the Job Creation Law (UU Cipta Kerja) introduces substantial amendments to Law No. 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies, particularly allowing the establishment of a company by a single founder via an online platform, without the requirement for a notarial deed or minimum capital. This regulatory simplification facilitates the formalization of MSMEs into individual PTs, enhancing legal certainty and access to financial services. However, a critical issue arises concerning land ownership: individual PTs, as legal entities, are not permitted to hold freehold title (hak milik). Land assets used for business purposes must be converted to land use rights, such as building use rights (HGB) or right to cultivate (HGU), to comply with agrarian regulations. This change may pose practical challenges for MSME owners who previously held land under personal ownership. For instance, farmers or small-scale producers using their residential land for business must navigate land status conversion procedures, which can be complex and costly. This study, through a normative juridical approach, reveals a regulatory gap that may affect the operational continuity of MSMEs post-conversion. Compared to previous literature that generally emphasizes administrative ease, this study highlights the often-overlooked implications of asset restructuring, particularly in land governance. The findings underline the need for harmonized policies that support MSMEs' transformation while safeguarding their control over productive land assets. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis transformasi usaha mikro, kecil, dan menengah (UMKM) menjadi Perseroan Terbatas Perorangan serta implikasi hukumnya terhadap status kepemilikan tanah. Pemberlakuan Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja membawa perubahan signifikan terhadap Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas, khususnya dalam memperbolehkan pendirian perseroan oleh satu orang pendiri melalui sistem daring tanpa keharusan akta notaris dan modal minimum. Kebijakan ini mempermudah proses legalisasi UMKM menjadi badan hukum, memberikan kepastian hukum, serta akses yang lebih luas terhadap pembiayaan. Namun, tantangan muncul terkait kepemilikan tanah, karena badan hukum seperti PT tidak diperkenankan memiliki hak milik atas tanah. Tanah yang digunakan sebagai aset usaha harus diubah statusnya menjadi hak guna bangunan (HGB) atau hak guna usaha (HGU) sesuai dengan ketentuan agraria. Perubahan ini berpotensi memengaruhi operasional UMKM, khususnya bagi pelaku usaha yang menggunakan tanah milik pribadi untuk kegiatan bisnis, seperti petani atau produsen rumahan. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif, dan menemukan adanya celah regulasi yang dapat mengganggu keberlangsungan usaha pasca transformasi menjadi PT. Berbeda dengan penelitian sebelumnya yang lebih menekankan pada kemudahan administratif, penelitian ini menunjukkan pentingnya perhatian terhadap restrukturisasi aset, terutama dalam hal pertanahan. Temuan ini menegaskan perlunya sinkronisasi kebijakan agar transformasi badan usaha tidak justru menghilangkan kendali UMKM atas aset produktif yang dimilikinya.

Ganti Rugi Karena Perbuatan Melawan Hukum Dalam Sengketa Penguasaan Tanah Adat Aleska, Ivanna Isya Putri; Naomi Emmavenza Daat; Sri Harini Dwiyatmi
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): AUGUST
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i2.11838

This research examines District Court Decision Number 113/Pdt.G/2022/PN Jap with the aim of assessing that the decision was incorrect by not granting compensation and that the request for compensation submitted was legally valid. The urgency of this research is the injustice of the judge's decision against the Plaintiff by not providing the compensation requested by the Plaintiff even though the application is valid according to the law and assessing that the first level decision was incorrect because the Defendants committed an unlawful act by claiming, releasing, transferring and selling customary land without permission and causing losses. This reflects the lack of legal protection of landowners' rights to customary land inheritance. This research is important to provide a perspective for customary landowners in order to obtain justice from a legal perspective. The research method used is the normative juridical research method or doctrinal research. The statute approach and case approach were used. This research encourages judges to refer to Article 1365 of the Civil Code in deciding PMH cases by paying attention to proving losses so that the decisions have legal certainty and have implications for improving the quality of decisions. Therefore, this research assesses that the judge's decision in this case was incorrect because it did not provide compensation in accordance with the losses suffered by the landowner despite the fact that the losses were experienced for 35 years and the Plaintiff's request for compensation was valid according to Article 1365 of the Civil Code. Penelitian ini mengkaji Putusan PN Nomor 113/Pdt.G/2022/PN Jap dengan tujuan melakukan penilaian bahwa putusan tersebut tidak tepat dengan tidak memberikan ganti kerugian dan permohonan ganti rugi yang diajukan sah secara hukum. Urgensi penelitian ini yaitu ketidakadilan putusan Hakim terhadap Penggugat dengan tidak memberikan ganti rugi yang dimohonkan Penggugat meskipun permohonan sah menurut hukum serta menilai putusan tingkat pertama tidak tepat karena para Tergugat melakukan perbuatan melanggar hukum dengan mengeklaim, melepas, mengalihkan dan menjual tanah adat tanpa izin dan menimbulkan kerugian. Hal ini, mencerminkan kurangnya perlindungan hukum terhadap hak-hak pemilik tanah atas warisan tanah adat. Penelitian ini penting untuk memberikan perspektif bagi Pemilik tanah adat agar mendapatkan keadilan dari segi hukum. Metode penelitian yang digunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif atau doctrinal research. Digunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan kasus (case approach). Penelitian ini mendorong Hakim mengacu pada Pasal 1365 KUHPerdata dalam memutuskan perkara PMH dengan memperhatikan pembuktian kerugian sehingga putusan yang diputus memiliki kepastian hukum dan berimplikasi terhadap peningkatan kualitas putusan. Karenanya, penelitian ini menilai bahwa putusan Hakim dalam perkara ini tidak tepat karena tidak memberikan ganti rugi sesuai kerugian yang dialami pemilik tanah padahal secara faktanya kerugian dialami selama 35 tahun serta permohonan ganti rugi Penggugat sah menurut Pasal 1365 KUHPerdata.

Looking at The Legal Philosophy Regarding The Grabbing of Pantai Raja Customary Land R Mustar Lofi
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): APRIL
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i1.11845

This study analyzes land conflicts in Riau Province, focusing on disputes among corporations, between corporations and local communities, and with indigenous customary law communities. These conflicts are triggered by environmental degradation, land encroachment, overlapping land claims, and administrative boundary disputes. The urgency of this study lies in its legal and social implications, including prolonged litigation, weakening of state authority, social unrest, and disruption of community livelihoods. Specifically, the research seeks to answer how land conflict resolution mechanisms in Riau can be made more effective, inclusive, and sustainable, with a particular emphasis on the conflict in Pantai Raja as a representative case. Employing a qualitative research method, the study examines legal frameworks, government policies, and empirical data from case studies to explore how customary land rights intersect with state-issued land use permits. The findings show that responses to conflict are often reactive, initiated only after public outcry or demonstrations. This reactivity stems from unclear governance structures, weak early mediation mechanisms, and minimal community involvement, which in turn exacerbate tensions and obstruct sustainable resolution efforts. The study contributes to the development of legal theory in agrarian law and conflict resolution by proposing an integrated and anticipatory conflict resolution framework. A structured collaboration model is introduced, wherein plantation companies cooperate with village-owned enterprises (BUMDes) under legal and institutional arrangements that ensure fair benefit-sharing, recognition of indigenous land rights, and participatory decision-making. This model aims not only to resolve existing conflicts but also to inform future policy-making and strengthen the legal framework for managing land disputes in Indonesia.

Peran Hukum dalam Pengelolaan dan Perlindungan Lahan Gambut Nuriyatman, Eko; Budhiartie, Arrie; Amir, Latifah
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): AUGUST
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i2.11857

This article aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of legislation in the management and protection of peatlands in Tanjung Jabung Timur Regency, as well as to identify the main obstacles and legal strategies that can be applied to overcome them. The background of the issue highlights that peatlands have significant ecological functions, particularly in maintaining environmental balance and mitigating climate change. Their existence faces serious threats due to land conversion, fires, and uncontrolled exploitation. The urgency of this research lies in the need to review the effectiveness of the regulations that have been implemented to ensure the sustainability of the peatland ecosystem functions, as well as the balance between utilization and environmental conservation. This research adopts a normative juridical approach with a descriptive-analytical method. The data used consists of secondary data obtained through a literature study of legislation, court decisions, scientific journals, and relevant policy documents. The novelty of this study lies in its specific focus on examining the implementation of legal regulations in peatland management in Tanjung Jabung Timur Regency, differing from previous studies that have been more general at the national level. The research findings indicate that the main obstacles in the implementation of peatland management laws include weak law enforcement, regulatory overlaps, conflicts of interest, and low public legal awareness. To address these challenges, optimal strategies are required, including strengthening coordination among state institutions, harmonizing regulations, enforcing strict sanctions, and utilizing technology for monitoring and law enforcement. With these strategies, it is expected that a balance between the utilization and protection of peatlands can be achieved in accordance with the principles of sustainable development. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas implementasi peraturan perundang-undangan dalam pengelolaan dan perlindungan lahan gambut di Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur serta mengidentifikasi hambatan utama dan strategi hukum yang dapat diterapkan guna mengatasinya. Latar belakang permasalahan menunjukkan bahwa lahan gambut memiliki fungsi ekologis yang signifikan, terutama dalam menjaga keseimbangan lingkungan dan mitigasi perubahan iklim. Keberadaannya menghadapi ancaman serius akibat konversi lahan, kebakaran, serta eksploitasi yang tidak terkendali. Urgensi penelitian ini terletak pada perlunya peninjauan efektivitas regulasi yang telah diterapkan untuk memastikan keberlanjutan fungsi ekosistem gambut serta keseimbangan antara pemanfaatan dan konservasi lingkungan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan metode deskriptif-analitis. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada fokusnya yang secara spesifik menelaah implementasi hukum dalam pengelolaan lahan gambut di Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur, berbeda dari kajian sebelumnya yang lebih bersifat umum pada tingkat nasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kendala utama dalam implementasi hukum pengelolaan lahan gambut meliputi lemahnya penegakan hukum, tumpang tindih regulasi, konflik kepentingan, serta minimnya kesadaran hukum masyarakat. Untuk mengatasi hambatan tersebut, diperlukan strategi optimal berupa penguatan koordinasi antar lembaga negara, harmonisasi regulasi, penerapan sanksi tegas, serta pemanfaatan teknologi dalam pengawasan dan penegakan hukum. Dengan strategi ini, diharapkan keseimbangan antara pemanfaatan dan perlindungan lahan gambut dapat terwujud sesuai dengan prinsip pembangunan berkelanjutan.

Peran Intelijen Keamanan Dalam Pencegahan Dan Penanggulangan Tindak Pidana Terorisme Sirait, Suman; Abdillah, Junaidi
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): AUGUST
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i2.11952

This study aims to analyze the role and strategy of the Security Intelligence Division (Intelkam) of the Bangka Belitung Islands Police in preventing and countering terrorism in an archipelagic region vulnerable to the transit of extremist networks. The research background stems from the high terrorism threat level in Indonesia and the strategic geographic position of Bangka Belitung, which increases the risk of radical infiltration. The urgency lies in the critical need to strengthen the role of regional intelligence as the front line in early detection and counter-radicalization efforts. The research method employs a normative juridical approach, utilizing legal and conceptual frameworks, and is analyzed through a descriptive-qualitative lens. Findings indicate that Intelkam Babel has implemented both preventive and repressive strategies, such as digital surveillance, monitoring of ex-terror convicts, and collaboration with community leaders, although challenges remain regarding human resources, budget constraints, and inter-agency coordination. The novelty of this study lies in its focus on island-based regions and localized approaches to deradicalization strategies. The study concludes that Intelkam's strategies must be enhanced through technological modernization, capacity building, integrated intelligence systems, and expanded locally-rooted deradicalization programs. It is recommended that the implementation be supported by a continuous monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system to ensure sustained and effective terrorism prevention at the regional level. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran dan strategi Intelijen Keamanan (Intelkam) Polda Kepulauan Bangka Belitung dalam mencegah dan menanggulangi tindak pidana terorisme di wilayah kepulauan yang rawan perlintasan jaringan ekstremis lintas pulau. Latar belakang penelitian ini berangkat dari tingginya ancaman terorisme di Indonesia serta posisi geografis strategis Bangka Belitung yang membuka peluang infiltrasi radikalisme. Urgensi penelitian terletak pada pentingnya penguatan peran intelijen daerah sebagai garda terdepan dalam deteksi dini dan kontra-radikalisasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual dan perundang-undangan, serta dianalisis secara kualitatif-deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Intelkam Polda Babel telah menjalankan strategi preventif dan represif, seperti patroli digital, pengawasan eks-napiter, serta pelibatan tokoh masyarakat, namun masih menghadapi tantangan seperti keterbatasan SDM, anggaran, dan sinergi antar-lembaga. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada fokus wilayah kepulauan dan pendekatan lokal terhadap strategi deradikalisasi. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa strategi Intelkam perlu diperkuat melalui modernisasi pemantauan, peningkatan kapasitas SDM, integrasi sistem intelijen, dan perluasan program deradikalisasi berbasis kearifan lokal. Direkomendasikan agar strategi yang dijalankan didukung oleh evaluasi berkelanjutan berbasis monitoring and evaluation (M&E) untuk memastikan efektivitas dan keberlanjutan pencegahan terorisme di tingkat daerah.

Penguatan Fungsi Pengawasan DPRD terhadap Tenaga Kerja Asing di Daerah Investasi Suhendra Sultan Al Alif; Abdul Rasyid Saliman
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): APRIL
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i1.11958

This research aims to analyze the supervision of the presence of foreign workers by Commission II of the Bangka Tengah Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) and to formulate strategies for strengthening supervision in order to protect the rights of local workers. The background of this research is based on the increasing flow of foreign investment in Central Bangka, which encourages the entry of foreign workers into strategic sectors, particularly mining and processing. This condition has given rise to various challenges, ranging from overlapping authorities, weak verification of foreign workers' competencies, to the suboptimal implementation of knowledge transfer programs. The urgency of the research lies in the importance of the supervisory function of the DPRD as a legislative pillar in the trias politica system to ensure labor accountability and social justice. This research uses a socio-legal approach with qualitative methods through interviews, field observations, and document studies. The research results indicate that the supervision of foreign workers has not been optimal due to the absence of an integrated information system, weak inter-agency coordination, and irregularities in the validity periods of foreign workers permits. The novelty of this research lies in the empirical analysis of the role of the DPRD within the context of local institutions. This research concludes that an integrated technology-based monitoring system, competency verification SOPs, and the formation of cross-agency teams are needed as strategic recommendations to strengthen the supervisory function of the DPRD. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengawasan terhadap keberadaan tenaga kerja asing (TKA) oleh Komisi II DPRD Bangka Tengah serta merumuskan strategi penguatan pengawasan dalam rangka melindungi hak tenaga kerja lokal. Latar belakang penelitian ini didasarkan pada meningkatnya arus investasi asing di Bangka Tengah yang mendorong masuknya TKA ke sektor-sektor strategis, khususnya pertambangan dan pengolahan. Kondisi ini memunculkan berbagai tantangan, mulai dari tumpang tindih kewenangan, lemahnya verifikasi kompetensi TKA, hingga belum optimalnya program transfer pengetahuan. Urgensi penelitian terletak pada pentingnya fungsi pengawasan DPRD sebagai pilar legislatif dalam sistem trias politica untuk memastikan akuntabilitas ketenagakerjaan dan keadilan sosial. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan socio-legal dengan metode kualitatif melalui wawancara, observasi lapangan, dan studi dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengawasan TKA belum berjalan optimal karena tidak adanya sistem informasi terpadu, lemahnya koordinasi antar lembaga, dan ketidakteraturan masa berlaku izin TKA. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada analisis empirik peran DPRD dalam konteks kelembagaan lokal. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa dibutuhkan sistem pengawasan terpadu berbasis teknologi, SOP verifikasi kompetensi, serta pembentukan tim lintas lembaga sebagai rekomendasi strategis untuk memperkuat fungsi pengawasan DPRD.

Legal Study of Unlawful Acts by The Opponents In Land Dispute Decision Number 6/Pdt.Bth/2024/Pn Bpp Aldo Yanuarto; Aris Sunandar; Abdul Khair
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): AUGUST
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i2.11971

This study aims to conduct a juridical analysis of the elements and legal reasoning used by the panel of judges in establishing the existence of an unlawful act (onrechtmatige daad) committed by the Defendants in a land dispute case, as stipulated in the Decision of the Balikpapan District Court Number 6/PDT.BTH/2024/PN BPP. Employing normative legal research with a conceptual and case approach, this study focuses on the interpretation of Article 1365 of the Indonesian Civil Code (KUHPerdata) and the judicial construction applied by the court in assessing the Defendants’ actions. The urgency of this study lies in the increasing complexity of land disputes in Indonesia, which demand clearer doctrinal and judicial guidance in determining the threshold of unlawful acts in civil litigation. The novelty of this research is its integrative use of abuse of rights theory and good faith principles as analytical tools to assess the boundaries of civil liability, which have not been thoroughly explored in previous studies. The findings reveal that the Defendants' act of filing for execution over a parcel of land that had been lawfully transferred to the Plaintiff, without a legitimate legal basis, constitutes a clear instance of an unlawful act. Such conduct satisfies the juridical elements of tort as outlined in both doctrine and jurisprudence: the existence of an act, its unlawfulness, fault, actual damages, and a causal relationship between the act and the harm incurred. The court’s decision reflects a balanced consideration of good faith principles, legal protection doctrines, and the abuse of right theory in determining the Defendants’ civil liability. This study recommends a more consistent application of these doctrines to ensure legal certainty and justice in future land dispute adjudications.

Dampak Hukum Penyidikan Polri terhadap Tindak Pidana Di Sektor Jasa Keuangan Andriyani, Fingky Ayu; Wanodyo Sulistyani; Atmaja, Budi Arta
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): AUGUST
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i2.12012

This study aims to examine the validity of evidence obtained by the Indonesian National Police in investigating criminal offenses in the financial services sector during the transitional period between the enactment of the PPSK Law and the Constitutional Court Decision No. 59/PUU-XXI/2023. The urgency of the study lies in the absence of transitional legal norms, which have created legal uncertainty and a potential formal defect in the admissibility of evidence within the criminal justice process. This research adopts a normative juridical method by combining statutory, case-based, and conceptual approaches. The findings reveal that police investigations during this period conflicted with the principles of legality and due process of law, rendering the resulting evidence formally invalid. The novelty of this research lies in its focus on the legal consequences of transitional normative gaps and the need for active judicial oversight in assessing the legality of investigative authority. Therefore, this study recommends the establishment of explicit transitional provisions for any shift in investigative authority and the issuance of judicial guidelines by the Supreme Court to ensure the integrity of evidentiary processes in the criminal justice system. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji keabsahan alat bukti hasil penyidikan Polri terhadap tindak pidana di sektor jasa keuangan selama masa transisi antara berlakunya UU PPSK hingga Putusan MK Nomor 59/PUU-XXI/2023. Urgensi penelitian ini terletak pada kekosongan norma transisional yang menyebabkan ketidakpastian hukum dan potensi cacat formil pada alat bukti dalam proses peradilan pidana. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan undang-undang, kasus konkret, dan konsep hukum. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa penyidikan oleh Polri dalam periode tersebut bertentangan dengan asas legalitas dan due process of law, sehingga alat bukti yang diperoleh seharusnya dinyatakan tidak sah secara formil. Kebaruan dari penelitian ini terletak pada sorotan terhadap implikasi yuridis dari kekosongan norma transisional dan perlunya kontrol yudisial yang aktif dari hakim dalam memverifikasi kewenangan penyidik. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini merekomendasikan pembentukan norma transisi eksplisit dalam setiap perubahan kewenangan penyidikan dan penyusunan pedoman yudisial oleh Mahkamah Agung guna menjamin integritas proses pembuktian dalam sistem peradilan pidana.

Akibat Hukum Akta Autentik Yang Dibuat Oleh Organ Yang Tidak Berwenang Sebagai Alat Bukti Dalam Sengketa Kepailitan Annindita Maulida; Albertus Sentot Sudarwanto; Andina Elok Puri Maharani
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): AUGUST
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i2.12029

This research aims to analyze the comprehensive proof of deeds by unauthorized organs in bankruptcy cases and the direct responsibility of Notaries of corporate organs, making deeds made by unauthorized organs of limited liability companies as evidence in bankruptcy cases, with a case study on the bankruptcy decision of PT Gusher Tarakan. This research is presented to improve the low understanding of the formal and material validity of the Authentic Deed in the process of proof in the commercial court, which has implications for the potential for injustice and legal uncertainty. This research uses a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and case study approaches. The research findings reveal that the documents filed in the bankruptcy case of PT Gusher Tarakan are formally authentic deeds prepared before a Notary. However, the deeds were made by company organs that had been dismissed and no longer had legal authority. Therefore, the deeds no longer have authentic power and only have the status of deeds underhanded. The use of a Deed by an unauthorized party should not be used as a legal basis in a bankruptcy petition, and the Notary is responsible for the formal and material correctness of the contents of the Deed. This study emphasizes the importance of Notaries to verify the authority of the parties and underscores the need for caution in using authentic deeds as evidence in bankruptcy cases. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis komprehensif pembuktian akta oleh organ tidak sah dalam perkara kepailitan, dan tanggung jawab Notaris secara langsung organ perusahaan pembuat akta yang dibuat oleh organ perseroan terbatas yang tidak berwenang sebagai alat bukti dalam perkara kepailitan, dengan studi kasus pada putusan pailit PT Gusher Tarakan. Penelitian ini hadir untuk meningkatkan rendahnya pemahaman terhadap validitas formil dan materiil akta autentik dalam proses pembuktian di pengadilan niaga, yang berimplikasi pada potensi terjadinya ketidakadilan dan ketidakpastian hukum. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan studi kasus. Temuan penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa dokumen-dokumen yang diajukan dalam perkara pailit PT Gusher Tarakan secara formal merupakan akta autentik yang disusun di hadapan Notaris. Namun, pembuatan akta-akta tersebut dilakukan oleh organ perusahaan yang telah diberhentikan dan tidak lagi memiliki otoritas hukum. Oleh karena itu, akta-akta tersebut tidak lagi memiliki kekuatan autentik dan hanya berstatus sebagai akta di bawah tangan. Penggunaan akta oleh pihak yang tidak berwenang seharusnya tidak dapat dijadikan dasar hukum dalam permohonan pailit, dan Notaris memiliki tanggung jawab atas kebenaran formil dan materiil isi akta. Penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya Notaris untuk melakukan verifikasi atas kewenangan para pihak dan menggarisbawahi perlunya kehati-hatian dalam menggunakan akta autentik sebagai alat bukti dalam perkara kepailitan.

Tinjauan Hukum Administrasi Negara Terhadap Pembentukan Koperasi Desa Merah Putih Melalui Instruksi Presiden Hilda, Hilda Halnum Salsabil; Muflih Munazih; Siti Kunarti
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): AUGUST
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i2.12031

This study aims to analyze the legality of establishing the "Koperasi Desa Merah Putih" (Red and White Village Cooperative) through Presidential Instruction Number 9 of 2025 from the perspective of administrative law. The background of this research arises from legal and governance issues, in which the cooperative's establishment is based solely on a presidential instruction, without attribution to a statutory law that carries binding legal authority. The urgency of this study is driven by the potential disharmony between central government policies and village autonomy, as well as the risk of institutional overlap with Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes), which are explicitly regulated under Law Number 6 of 2014 on Villages. This research employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and historical approaches. The novelty of this study lies in examining presidential authority through the theories of legality, attribution, discretion, and the principles of the General Principles of Good Governance (AUPB) to assess the validity of policies issued through a presidential instruction. This research differs from previous studies by specifically analyzing the legal validity of a presidential instruction as a basis for establishing public legal entities at the village level. The findings indicate that the use of a presidential instruction as the legal foundation for establishing cooperatives does not fulfill the principle of legality and exceeds the limits of lawful administrative discretion, potentially weakening village autonomy and institutional capacity. Therefore, similar policies should be carefully evaluated in light of good governance principles and a sound regulatory framework, and should ideally be supported by a stronger legal basis at minimum, in the form of a presidential regulation, or preferably, through the enactment of a statutory law that explicitly governs the establishment and management of village cooperatives by the central government. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis legalitas pembentukan Koperasi Desa Merah Putih melalui Instruksi Presiden Nomor 9 Tahun 2025 dalam perspektif hukum administrasi negara. Latar belakang penelitian ini muncul dari problematika hukum dan tata kelola pemerintahan, di mana kebijakan pembentukan koperasi tersebut hanya berlandaskan pada Inpres tanpa dasar hukum atribusi dalam bentuk undang-undang yang memiliki kekuatan mengikat langsung. Urgensi penulisan didorong oleh potensi disharmonisasi antara kebijakan pusat dengan otonomi desa serta risiko tumpang tindih kelembagaan dengan Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes) yang telah diatur secara eksplisit dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode normatif yuridis dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan historis. Kebaruan dari penelitian ini terletak pada pengujian kewenangan Presiden menggunakan teori legalitas, atribusi, diskresi, dan prinsip Asas-Asas Umum Pemerintahan yang Baik (AUPB) untuk menilai validitas kebijakan berbasis Inpres. Penelitian ini berbeda dengan studi-studi sebelumnya karena secara spesifik menelaah keabsahan hukum Inpres sebagai dasar pembentukan badan hukum publik di tingkat desa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan Inpres sebagai dasar pendirian koperasi tidak memenuhi asas legalitas dan melampaui batas diskresi yang sah menurut hukum administrasi negara, serta berpotensi melemahkan otonomi dan kapasitas kelembagaan desa. Instrumen kebijakan serupa perlu dievaluasi secara hati-hati dengan mempertimbangkan prinsip good governance dan kerangka regulasi yang sah, serta sebaiknya didukung oleh landasan hukum yang lebih kuat, setidaknya dalam bentuk peraturan presiden, atau idealnya melalui pembentukan undang-undang yang secara eksplisit mengatur pendirian dan tata kelola koperasi desa oleh pemerintah pusat.

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Reviewer

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Contact Name
Zaenal Arifin

Contact Email
zaenal@usm.ac.id

Phone
+6282242226898

Journal Mail Official
usmlawreview@usm.ac.id

Editorial Address
Jl. Soekarno - Hatta

Location
Kota semarang,

Jawa tengah

INDONESIA

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Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Zaenal Arifin

Contact Email zaenal@usm.ac.id

Phone +6282242226898

Journal Mail Official usmlawreview@usm.ac.id

Editorial Address Jl. Soekarno - Hatta

Location Kota semarang, Jawa tengah INDONESIA

Abstract

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Contact Name
Zaenal Arifin

Contact Email
zaenal@usm.ac.id

Phone
+6282242226898

Journal Mail Official
usmlawreview@usm.ac.id

Editorial Address
Jl. Soekarno - Hatta

Location
Kota semarang,

Jawa tengah

INDONESIA