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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo
ISSN : -     EISSN : 25989928     DOI : https://doi.org/10.21070/ijler
Core Subject : Economy, Social,
Economics, Econometrics & Finance Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review (IJLER) is published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo four times a year. This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.This journal aims is to provide a place for academics and practitioners to publish original research and review articles. The articles basically contains any topics concerning Law and Economics. IJLER is available in online version. Language used in this journal is Indonesia or English.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 618 Documents
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Alcohol-Related Traffic Accidents Resulting in Death: Analysis of Driver Negligence and Liability: Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas Akibat Alkohol yang Menyebabkan Kematian : Analisis Kelalaian dan Pertanggungjawaban Pengemudi Abdullah, Reza; Sudiro, Amad
Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review Vol. 20 No. 4 (2025): November
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijler.v20i4.1383

Abstract

Background (General): Traffic accidents in Indonesia continue to rise annually, creating serious social and economic impacts. Background (Specific): A significant number of fatal accidents are caused by drivers operating vehicles under the influence of alcohol, as illustrated in the Pekanbaru case involving multiple deaths. Knowledge Gap: However, comprehensive legal analysis on the classification of negligence and the extent of criminal liability for alcohol-related fatal accidents remains limited. Aim: This study aims to examine the legal categorization of negligence (culpa) and determine the scope of driver criminal responsibility when drunk driving results in loss of life. Results: Findings show that such cases fall under culpa lata or gross negligence, as the drivers consciously continue driving despite clear foreseeable risks, thereby meeting the legal elements of criminal negligence under Indonesian criminal and traffic law. Novelty: The study provides an integrated doctrinal and empirical analysis linking legal theory, statutory frameworks, and real case application, particularly emphasizing the application of dolus eventualis in traffic negligence. Implications: The research underscores the importance of stricter enforcement and legal awareness to enhance road safety and strengthen public protection through more effective criminal accountability mechanisms. Highlights: Highlights the legal classification of drunk-driving fatalities as culpa lata (gross negligence). Demonstrates how foreseeability and lack of caution shape criminal liability. Emphasizes the need for stronger enforcement to protect public safety. Keywords: Traffic Accidents, Alcohol, Negligence, Criminal Liability, Indonesia
The Application of the Strict Liability Principle in the Protection of Consumers of Digital Logistics Services: Penerapan Prinsip Strict Liability Dalam Perlindungan Konsumen Jasa Logistik Digital Diana, Diana; Lie, Gunardi
Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review Vol. 20 No. 4 (2025): November
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijler.v20i4.1384

Abstract

General background: The advancement of digital technology has revolutionized the logistics sector through application-based services that offer efficiency and convenience for consumers. Specific background: Nevertheless, the increasing reliance on digital logistics services has created new legal vulnerabilities, particularly when losses are caused by the actions of courier partners as third parties. Knowledge gap: Indonesia still lacks clear regulations governing the application of strict liability within digital logistics services, resulting in uncertainty regarding which party is legally responsible for consumer losses. Aims: This study aims to analyze the application of the strict liability principle in consumer protection within digital logistics services by examining the legal foundations, contractual structures, and implications of liability between companies and their courier partners. Results: The findings show that although the Consumer Protection Law requires business actors to bear consumer losses without proof of fault, its implementation remains weak due to standard contractual clauses that waive company responsibility, low consumer awareness, and limited government oversight. Novelty: This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the multilayered legal relationships between companies, partners, and consumers, highlighting the need for a vicarious liability approach within digital ecosystems. Implications: Strengthening the application of strict liability is essential to ensure fair compensation, increase public trust, and enhance accountability within Indonesia’s digital logistics services. Highlights: Strict liability strengthens consumer protection in digital logistics services. Legal ambiguity persists due to weak regulation and unclear contractual clauses. Companies remain the primary responsible party despite third-party courier involvement. Keywords: Strict Liability, Consumer Protection, Digital Logistics, Legal Responsibility, Courier Partners
Predatory Pricing in Indonesia’s Digital Trade Ecosystem: An Analysis of Inhibiting Factors and the Ideal Model for Equitable Regulation: Predatory Pricing dalam Ekosistem Perdagangan Digital di Indonesia: Analisis Faktor Penghambat dan Model Ideal Pengaturan yang Berkeadilan Leeland, Deryl; Adam, Richard C.
Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review Vol. 20 No. 4 (2025): November
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijler.v20i4.1385

Abstract

General background: Indonesia’s rapidly expanding digital trade ecosystem has transformed market structures and intensified competition. Specific background: Within this environment, predatory pricing as a strategy of selling goods or services below cost to weaken competitors has become increasingly difficult to regulate due to digital platforms’ unique cost structures, cross-subsidization, and algorithmic pricing. Knowledge gap: Indonesian competition law lacks clear benchmarks for determining below-cost pricing, exclusionary intent, and recoupment, creating uncertainty in enforcement, especially against foreign digital actors. Aims: This study analyzes normative and practical barriers to enforcing predatory pricing rules in e-commerce and proposes an equitable regulatory model. Results: The findings show unclear cost definitions, limited data transparency, dynamic promotional practices, jurisdictional constraints, and the absence of technical guidelines, all of which impede consistent legal assessment. Novelty: This research offers a multidimensional regulatory framework informed by comparative practices from the United States, European Union, and China, incorporating algorithmic transparency, structural market effects, and temporal indicators of exclusion. Implications: A more adaptive and comprehensive regulatory structure is needed to strengthen legal certainty, protect SMEs, prevent digital-market exclusion, and promote a fair and sustainable competitive environment in Indonesia’s digital economy. Highlights: The study exposes major gaps in Indonesia’s legal standards for identifying below-cost pricing in digital markets. Enforcement is hindered by limited data access, dynamic promotional models, and cross-border platform operations. A new multidimensional regulatory model is proposed to ensure fairness, SME protection, and sustainable digital competition. Keywords: Predatory Pricing, Digital Trade, Competition Law, E-Commerce Regulation, Legal Certainty
The Legal Liability of Directors in State-Owned Enterprises: An Analysis of Judicial Inconsistencies in the Application of the Business Judgment Rule Doctrine: Pertanggungjawaban Hukum Direksi Perusahaan Milik Pemerintah: Analisis Perbedaan Putusan Hakim dalam Penerapan Doktrin Business Judgment Rule Art, Stanley Muljadi; Lie, Gunardi
Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review Vol. 20 No. 4 (2025): November
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijler.v20i4.1386

Abstract

General Background: The application of the Business Judgment Rule (BJR) in Indonesia plays a crucial role in protecting directors from liability for business decisions that result in losses, provided such decisions are made in good faith and for corporate interests. Specific Background: In corruption cases involving directors of State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs), Indonesian courts show inconsistency in applying BJR, particularly when cases intersect with lex specialis provisions of the Anti-Corruption Law. Knowledge Gap: Existing studies have not comprehensively examined how judicial disparities affect legal certainty, protection, and the substantive realization of justice in corruption adjudication. Aims: This study analyzes the implementation of BJR in corruption cases, assesses the impact of judicial disparities on legal objectives, and identifies appropriate BJR application within the national legal framework. Results: Findings show that BJR is applied inconsistently—some cases acknowledge it as a valid protective doctrine, while others disregard it when corruption elements are proven under lex specialis rules. Novelty: This research bridges doctrinal analysis and case-based judicial evaluation to demonstrate how BJR interacts with principles of justice, legal certainty, and public benefit in corruption enforcement. Implications: The study highlights the need for clearer judicial guidelines to ensure consistent application of BJR without undermining the fight against corruption, thereby strengthening preventive legal protection and substantive justice. Highlights: Courts apply the Business Judgment Rule inconsistently in corruption cases. Lex specialis principles often override BJR protection when corruption elements are proven. Clearer judicial standards are needed to ensure fairness and legal certainty. Keywords: Business Judgment Rule, Corruption Law, Judicial Disparity, Soe Directors, Legal Certainty    
The Business Judgment Rule in the Context of Directors’ Liability: A Comparative Study of the United States, Canada, and Indonesia: Business Judgment Rule dalam Perspektif Pertanggungjawaban Direksi: Studi Perbandingan Amerika Serikat, Kanada, dan Indonesia Sanyoto, Alicia Andromeda; Lie, Gunardi
Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review Vol. 20 No. 4 (2025): November
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijler.v20i4.1387

Abstract

General background: Directors hold a strategic role in corporate governance, yet not all business decisions generate profits, exposing them to potential personal liability. Specific background: Differentiating reasonable business risks from negligence or bad faith remains a legal challenge across jurisdictions. Knowledge gap: Although the Business Judgment Rule, BJR, aims to protect directors who act prudently, in good faith, and based on adequate information, its formulation and judicial application differ significantly in the United States, Canada, and Indonesia, with Indonesia showing limited and inconsistent enforcement. Aims: This study analyzes the regulation and implementation of BJR in the three jurisdictions to evaluate how each balances managerial discretion and legal accountability. Results: The United States applies BJR as a strong presumption safeguarding informed and loyal decisions, Canada emphasizes judicial restraint based on the fairness of the decision-making process, and Indonesia codifies BJR principles but lacks clear evaluative standards in practice. Novelty: The study provides a comparative understanding of doctrinal and structural differences that shape the scope of director protection. Implications: Strengthening BJR interpretation and judicial guidelines in Indonesia is crucial to prevent hindsight bias, support responsible risk-taking, and enhance legal certainty in corporate governance. Highlights: The Business Judgment Rule protects directors who act in good faith, prudently, and with adequate information. The United States and Canada apply BJR through strong judicial restraint, while Indonesia’s application remains limited. Clearer BJR standards in Indonesia are essential to reduce hindsight bias and strengthen corporate governance. Keywords: Business Judgment Rule, Directors’ Liability, Comparative Corporate Law, Fiduciary Duty, Legal Accountability.
China’s Technological Self-Reliance Strategy in Responding to Western Corporate Monopoly and Dominance in the Technology Sector: A Legal Review of Competition Law across Various Legal Instruments: Strategi Kemandirian Teknologi Tiongkok dalam Menghadapi Monopoli dan Dominasi Korporasi Barat di Bidang Teknologi: Suatu Tinjauan Hukum Persaingan Usaha dalam Berbagai Produk Hukum Putra, Louis Sebastian Anot; Lie, Gunardi
Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review Vol. 20 No. 4 (2025): November
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijler.v20i4.1388

Abstract

Background (General): Western technological dominance has shaped global markets and innovation trajectories, creating structural imbalances in competition. Background (Specific): China faces this asymmetry with the rise of U.S. legal, economic, and technological pressures, particularly during escalating trade conflicts. Knowledge Gap: While many studies address industrial policy or competition law separately, limited scholarship integrates how China’s legal framework functions simultaneously as market regulation and geopolitical strategy. Aim: This study examines China’s technological self-reliance strategy by evaluating the role of the Anti-Monopoly Law (AML) alongside major industrial policies in countering Western corporate hegemony. Results: Findings demonstrate that China employs AML with dual functionality—disciplining domestic giants such as Alibaba while fortifying national sovereignty against foreign corporate influence—and aligns this with three major initiatives: Made in China 2025, Dual Circulation Strategy, and China Standards 2035 to strengthen manufacturing capability, market independence, and global standard-setting authority. Novelty: Unlike traditional market-driven antitrust systems, China adopts state-oriented “antitrust mercantilism,” integrating competition law with industrial modernization and geopolitical objectives. Implications: The study indicates a shift in global competition norms, where national legal instruments increasingly function not only to balance market fairness but also to challenge structural dominance and redistribute global technological power. Highlights: China integrates antitrust law with industrial policy to strengthen technological independence. The strategy responds directly to Western corporate and geopolitical dominance in global technology. Policies such as MIC 2025, DCS, and China Standards 2035 reinforce sovereignty and global competitiveness. Keywords: Technological Self-Reliance, Anti-Monopoly Law, Industrial Policy, Western Dominance, China Strategy
Regulatory Disharmony of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) between State-Owned and Private Enterprises and Its Implications for Sustainable Development Indicators in Indonesia: Disharmoni Pengaturan Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) antara Badan Usaha Milik Negara dan Perusahaan Swasta serta Implikasinya terhadap Tolok Ukur Pembangunan Berkelanjutan di Indonesia Andriani, Kasmita; Lie, Gunardi
Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review Vol. 20 No. 4 (2025): November
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijler.v20i4.1389

Abstract

General Background: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Indonesia has transitioned toward the Triple Bottom Line, positioning CSR as a key driver of sustainable development. Specific Background: However, its implementation exhibits regulatory differences between State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) and private companies, creating inconsistencies in legal obligations and funding mechanisms. Knowledge Gap: Existing CSR regulations emphasize formal compliance rather than measurable, sustainable impact, and little research examines how regulatory disharmony affects effectiveness. Aims: This study analyzes the juridical implications of regulatory disparities and evaluates CSR success benchmarks in relation to sustainable development principles. Results: Findings reveal two major implications: (1) discriminatory treatment, as CSR is mandatory for non–natural resource SOEs but voluntary for similar private firms, contradicting equality before the law; and (2) legal uncertainty due to conflicting norms on CSR funding sources. Additionally, a substantive gap appears between legal requirements and sustainability-oriented effectiveness indicators. Novelty: The study integrates legal analysis with sustainable development metrics, highlighting the need to shift CSR evaluation from compliance-based to impact-based frameworks. Implications: Harmonizing CSR regulation and adopting outcome-oriented benchmarks are essential to strengthen CSR’s contribution to Indonesia’s sustainable development agendas. Highlights: Regulatory inconsistencies create unequal CSR obligations between SOEs and private firms. Conflicting norms on funding sources generate legal uncertainty in CSR implementation. Effective CSR requires shifting from compliance-based evaluation to impact-based benchmarks. Keywords: CSR, Regulatory Disharmony, State-Owned Enterprises, Sustainable Development, Legal Uncertainty
Legal Implications Following the Constitutional Court Decision No. 24/PUU-XX/2022 and the Supreme Court Circular No. 2 of 2023 Regarding the Prohibition for Courts to Grant Marriage Registration Requests Across Different Religions: Implikasi Hukum Pasca Keluarnya Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 24/PUU-XX/2022 dan Surat Edaran Mahkamah Agung Nomor 2 Tahun 2023 tentang Larangan Pengadilan untuk Mengabulkan Permohonan Pencatatan Perkawinan Beda Agama Siarill, Jonathan Hervine; Djaja, Benny
Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review Vol. 20 No. 4 (2025): November
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijler.v20i4.1390

Abstract

General Background: Interfaith marriage in Indonesia remains a complex legal issue due to the intertwining of religious norms and state administrative authority. Specific Background: The Constitutional Court Decision No. 24/PUU-XX/2022 and Supreme Court Circular No. 2/2023 further restrict court-granted registration of interfaith marriages by reaffirming the primacy of religious validity. Knowledge Gap: Despite extensive debate, limited research analyzes the combined legal, administrative, and human rights implications arising from both instruments. Aims: This study examines the legal consequences of the Court’s decision and the Circular, focusing on their impact on legal certainty, constitutional rights, and the status of interfaith families. Results: Using a normative juridical approach, the findings show that delegating substantive validity to religion and limiting administrative registration creates legal uncertainty, a regulatory vacuum, and discriminatory outcomes affecting marital status, children’s rights, inheritance, and civil documentation. Novelty: This research offers an integrated assessment of constitutional, administrative, and human rights dimensions, highlighting normative dissonance between constitutional guarantees and religion-based administrative practices. Implications: The study underscores the need for regulatory harmonization and proposes exploring civil marriage mechanisms to ensure legal certainty, equality before the law, and protection of fundamental rights within Indonesia’s pluralistic society. Highlights: Highlights the legal vacuum created by relying solely on religious validity for marriage recognition. Emphasizes the conflict between constitutional guarantees and restrictive administrative practice. Proposes civil marriage as a potential solution to ensure equal legal protection. Keywords: Interfaith Marriage, Legal Certainty, Constitutional Rights, Administrative Law, Human Rights
Reconstruction of Business Licensing Governance Through Online Single Submission (OSS) from the Perspective of Efficiency and Legal Certainty: Rekonstruksi Tata Kelola Perizinan Usaha Melalui Online Single Submission (OSS) Menurut Perspektif Efisiensi dan Kepastian Hukum Leonardi, Leonardi; Tundjung, Tundjung
Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review Vol. 20 No. 4 (2025): November
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijler.v20i4.1391

Abstract

General Background: Indonesia has introduced the Online Single Submission (OSS) system to streamline licensing and strengthen legal certainty in business administration. Specific Background: Despite continuous regulatory reforms, OSS implementation still encounters technical, institutional, and regulatory inconsistencies between central and regional authorities. Knowledge Gap: Existing studies rarely integrate analyses of procedural efficiency and legal certainty while also proposing a structured governance reconstruction model. Aims: This study examines OSS performance through the lenses of efficiency and legal certainty and formulates a comprehensive reconstruction framework for improved licensing governance. Results: Findings show that OSS effectively simplifies several procedures but remains hindered by uneven digital infrastructure, inconsistent regulatory synchronization, limited institutional readiness, and the absence of an internal dispute-resolution mechanism. Novelty: The study offers an integrated reconstruction model combining legal harmonization, institutional coordination, and technological strengthening to address both efficiency and legal certainty deficits. Implications: Strengthening OSS governance is essential for enhancing investment climate, ensuring predictable licensing outcomes, and supporting good governance principles in Indonesia’s public administration. Highlights: Highlights the dual challenges of efficiency gaps and legal uncertainty in OSS implementation. Emphasizes the need for regulatory harmonization and institutional coordination across sectors and regions. Proposes a comprehensive reconstruction model integrating legal, institutional, and technological improvements. Keywords: Online Single Submission, Business Licensing, Efficiency, Legal Certainty, Governance Reconstruction
The Legal Status of a Breached Indemnity Agreement in the Submission of Surety Bond Claims (Case Study of Decision No. 780/Pdt.G/2022/PN Jkt.Pst): Kedudukan Hukum Perjanjian Ganti Rugi (Indemnity Agreement) yang Wanprestasi dalam Proses Pengajuan Klaim Surety Bond (Studi Kasus Putusan No. 780/Pdt.G/2022/PN Jkt.Pst) Wijaya, Jonathan; Djajaputra, Gunawan
Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review Vol. 20 No. 4 (2025): November
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijler.v20i4.1392

Abstract

General Background: Surety bonds function as key legal instruments ensuring performance in Indonesia’s construction and procurement sectors. Specific Background: When a principal defaults and the surety pays the obligee’s claim, the indemnity agreement becomes central to determining the surety’s right of recourse. Knowledge Gap: However, limited scholarly attention has examined the legal force of breached indemnity agreements and the procedural barriers that may obstruct enforcement. Aims: This study analyzes the legal status and binding effect of indemnity agreements when principals fail to reimburse sureties, using District Court Decision No. 780/Pdt.G/2022/PN Jkt.Pst as a case study. Results: Findings show that the indemnity agreement constitutes an independent and binding contract under Article 1338 of the Civil Code, giving the surety an automatic and unconditional right of recourse once a claim is paid. The principal’s non-payment constitutes clear breach, triggering liability for reimbursement, penalties, and legal costs. Nonetheless, the lawsuit was declared inadmissible due to error in persona, preventing substantive examination. Novelty: This study demonstrates that substantive contractual strength alone is insufficient without procedural precision in constructing parties to the lawsuit. Implications: Effective enforcement of surety rights requires harmonizing contractual validity with strict procedural compliance to ensure legal certainty. Highlights: The indemnity agreement holds independent and binding legal force, giving the surety an unconditional right of recourse. Principal’s failure to reimburse constitutes clear breach, triggering liability for reimbursement, penalties, and legal costs. Procedural errors (error in persona) can nullify an otherwise strong substantive claim, preventing judicial examination. Keywords: Indemnity Agreement, Surety Bond, Breach of Contract, Right of Recourse, Error in Persona

Page 60 of 62 | Total Record : 618

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