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Journal of Strategic and Global Studies
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 26207249     EISSN : 2745472X     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/jsgs.v2i2
Core Subject : Economy, Education, Social,
Economics, Econometrics & Finance Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences
Journal of Strategic and Global Studies is a journal of applied research in development strategic and global studies. The journal welcomes original papers dealing with important strategic and global studies issues of immediate concern to the developing world. The journal appears in English, in January and July. The Journal of Strategic and Global Studies is printed and published by the School of Strategic and Global Studies, Universitas Indonesia.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Ilmu Sosial (Lain-Lain)
Articles 97 Documents
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Three Scandinavian Countries in the Baltic Sea: A Critical Study of the Blue Economy Programmes Sofiar, Adityarachman; Nugrahani, Henny Saptatia Drajati
Journal of Strategic and Global Studies Vol. 7, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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ABSTRACT. This paper examines the current state of the Blue Economy in the Baltic Sea region, with a focus on sustainable development in the Scandinavian countries. The paper begins by providing an overview of the economic, social, and environmental impacts. The paper identifies key challenges facing the industry in the Scandinavian countries, including the need for better planning and management, the preservation of natural and cultural heritage, and the protection of the marine environment. This research aims to explain the urgency of Blue Economy activities impact in the Baltic Sea, Specifically the impact on the environment and communities in Scandinavian Countries. To analyze the implementation of the blue economy in Scandinavian countries based on the EU Blue Economy. Using intergovernmental theory to explain the urgency and to explain the multi-level interaction between Scandinavian countries to achieve common goals. To understand complex social phenomenon researcher used qualitative research method that involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical data. In conclusion, the paper argues that sustainable blue economy in the Scandinavian countries bordering the Baltic Sea can bring significant benefits to both the marine industry and the wider community, but only if it is managed in a responsibly and sustainably manner. The paper concludes by calling for greater collaboration between stakeholders to ensure that the blue economy in the region is developed in a way that is both sustainable and inclusive, and that respects the natural and cultural heritage of the region.
Cultural and Political Perspective on Beethoven's "Ode to Joy" as the European Union's Anthem Minaroy, Teodore Ignatius; Nugrahani, Henny Saptatia Drajati
Journal of Strategic and Global Studies Vol. 7, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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ABSTRACT. The aim of this research is to explore the cultural and political significance of the Ode to Joy, a tune included in Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, so that tune can become an anthem for the European Union. Following the MEPs from Nigel Farage's Brexit party turning their backs on the playing of the European anthem, a discussion on this subject started. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative approach and literature review. The research's conclusions demonstrate that both musically and politically, Ode to Joy has its significance. Ode to Joy had already come to represent Germany in Europe before it was officially adopted as the anthem of the European Union.
The Security Dilemma and Arms Race Dynamics in Europe’s Response to the Russia-Ukraine Conflict Lee, Brice Tseen Fu; Komšić, Filip; Sims, Juan Pablo
Journal of Strategic and Global Studies Vol. 7, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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This paper examines the escalation of military expenditures in Europe in response to the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict, through the lens of the security dilemma. The security dilemma, a fundamental concept in international relations, describes how the defensive actions of one state can provoke perceptions of threat among others, potentially leading to an arms race. By analyzing military spending data from 2019 to 2023 for key European countries including Estonia, Latvia, Poland, Azerbaijan, Russia, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom, both in absolute terms and as a percentage of GDP, this study highlights how nations closest to the conflict, such as Poland and the Baltic states (Estonia and Latvia), have significantly increased their defense budgets in reaction to perceived immediate threats. These increases are mirrored, albeit to a lesser extent, by major Western European powers and other countries in the region, reflecting a continent-wide trend in military buildup. The findings suggest that while these increases are primarily defensive in nature, they carry the risk of being misinterpreted as offensive postures by neighboring countries, thereby exacerbating the security dilemma. This paper argues for the necessity of enhanced diplomatic efforts to mitigate these risks. It advocates for the establishment of mechanisms that foster clear dialogue and mutual understanding to ensure that military enhancements contribute positively to regional stability rather than escalating tensions. Through the security dilemma, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of how European nations can navigate the complexities of increased military spending and regional security in turbulent times.
The Effect of Crime on Tourism in Indonesia Farhan, Muhammad; Susanti, Hera
Journal of Strategic and Global Studies Vol. 7, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Tourism sector is widely known as one of economic sectors that can be the engine of economic growth in an effort to reduce poverty in a country. However, growth in the tourism sector can be influenced by safety factors. Tourists tend to avoid tourism destination areas with high crime rates in order to avoid becoming victims of crime. This study aims to analyze the effect of crime on the number of tourist arrivals in Indonesia by using four proxies of crime, which are total crime rate, property crime rate, violent crime rate, and fraud crime rate. This study utilizes a panel data with Fixed Effect Model Within-Group (FEM WG) regression as the main model and Instrumental Variable – Two-Stage Least Squares (IV-2SLS) model to test the endogeneity of the crime variables. The estimation result shows that crime has a negative effect on tourist arrivals in Indonesia. Fraud crime tends to have a stronger effect on tourist arrivals than property and violent crimes. The negative effect of crime tends to be stronger in popular tourism destination areas.
Digital Transformation in An Attempt to Revitalize Kabuki Theater Arts Sujaya, Bella Oktira; Aminah, Shobichatul; Ong, Susy
Journal of Strategic and Global Studies Vol. 7, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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ABSTRACT Kabuki is a traditional performing art that has been present since the end of the Azuchi-Moyama period. In its development, Kabuki has undergone many changes to adapt to the times. This journal discusses the preservation of Kabuki, one of which is carried out through digital transformation. The Japanese government in the early Meiji era considered the preservation of Kabuki to be crucial because it is one of the rich cultural heritages and to attract tourists. This journal uses qualitative research methods obtained from books, documentation, archives, magazines, online mass media, and social media related to the development of Kabuki. With various developments and adjustments to suit tastes, Kabuki performances are preserved. The results of the research show the revitalization of Kabuki through digital transformation, such as Cho Kabuki collaborating with Vocaloid Hatsune Miku and equipped with various advanced technologies such as Kirari, Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), Mixed Reality (MR), and Extended Reality (XR). These technologies are still being developed to adapt to the tastes and preferences of the present generation.
The Transformation of Thailand's Diplomatic Relations after the Bowring Treaty of 1855: From under the Chinese Diplomatic System to the Modern Diplomatic System Kornphetcharat, Kotchaphop
Journal of Strategic and Global Studies Vol. 8, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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The Bowring Treaty of 1855, formally known as the Treaty of Friendship and Commerce between the British Empire and the Kingdom of Siam (now Thailand), marked a pivotal moment in Siam’s integration into the global economy. Prior to the treaty, Siam's international trade was primarily conducted under the Chinese tributary system, which significantly shaped its economic and diplomatic interactions. The 1855 treaty, however, dramatically shifted Siam's foreign relations by diminishing China’s dominance as the regional power and opening Siam to increased European influence and trade. This research delves into the multifaceted impact of the treaty on Sino-Thai relations, examining its consequences on individual, state, and systemic levels. It explores how the treaty transformed Thailand's political economy, altered the role and status of the Chinese community within Thailand, and produced both positive and negative effects on Sino-Thai relations. The study contends that the Bowring Treaty was instrumental not only in reshaping Siam’s economic landscape but also in altering the dynamics of Sino-Thai relations significantly.
The Determining Factor of Inconsistencies in French Feminist Foreign Policy in the Field of Protection Against Women’s Violence Az-zahra, Sheila Salma; Yudono, Raden Maisa; Maliki, Musa; Situmeang, Nurmasari
Journal of Strategic and Global Studies Vol. 8, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Stratégie internationale de la France pour l'égalité femmes-hommes (2018-2022) is an international strategy on gender promoted by the French Government. It aims to promote the value of gender equality and women's empowerment, especially in protecting women's rights from any acts of violence in the European Union. Unfortunately, the French Government has shown inconsistencies in the implementation of the feminist foreign policy, which has increased the number of violence from the beginning of this policy until nowadays. This research was conceived by a liberal feminism approach and conceptualized under the feminist foreign policy and patriarchy concepts to prove the determining factor of inconsistency in feminist foreign policy that set out in the frame of Stratégie internationale de la France pour l'égalité femmes-hommes (2018-2022). The argument can be proceeded by conducting an explanatory qualitative method. The data research is based on primary and secondary data sources through document studies. This research proved that France's inconsistency of feminist foreign policy is caused by France’s cultural matter of patriarchal values. Patriarchal values can be indicated through five indicators: policy regulations, funding systems, government structures, EU cooperative relations, and actors involved in the policy. As a result, gender-based violence is still very common in society and gender equality is impossible to achieve as long as policies and laws reformed by the government still contain elements of patriarchy.
Repositioning North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO): The New Security Dilemma on Trans–Atlantic Relations Amid Shifting Global Geopolitics George, Daniel C.; Alverdian, Indra
Journal of Strategic and Global Studies Vol. 8, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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The shifting global geopolitics have led to a new security dilemma in Europe, especially in trans–Atlantic relations. NATO as the vanguard of the trans–Atlantic defense pact is faced with transitional conditions of non-conventional threats that return to conventional threats. Due to the shift in the new global order, these threats require a repositioning for NATO to counter the new security dilemma amidst shifting global geopolitics. By referring to the three asserted pillars–the return of conventional warfare on the European continent; a more assertive Russia in the European continent under Vladimir Putin; and the geopolitical of China's rise impacted trans–-Atlantic relations, as factors of the new securities dilemma in the context of trans-Atlantic relations, this research aims to analyze the impact of the new security dilemma amidst shifting global geopolitics toward the repositioning of NATO and its consequences on the trans–Atlantic relations using the integration of Mackinder’s Heartland Theory with Jervis’ Security Dilemma.
ASEAN Digital Economy Framework Agreement (DEFA): Implications for Digital Trade and Regional Economic Integration Lee, Brice Tseen Fu; Dinh, Linh Dieu; Sims, Juan Pablo; Bettani, Salman Ali
Journal of Strategic and Global Studies Vol. 8, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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The ASEAN Digital Economy Framework Agreement (DEFA) represents a pivotal initiative in advancing regional digital integration and economic development. This paper explores DEFA's potential impacts on digital trade and regional economic cohesion within ASEAN. By reviewing ASEAN’s official publications and relevant literature, the study evaluates how DEFA aims to address the challenges posed by fragmented digital regulations and infrastructure. The framework's emphasis on harmonizing digital standards and enhancing interoperability is anticipated to facilitate smoother cross-border transactions and reduce regulatory barriers, thereby driving trade and investment in digital services. Economic projections suggest that DEFA could significantly enhance ASEAN’s digital economy, potentially increasing its value from US$300 billion to up to US$2 trillion by 2030. The framework’s focus on addressing current digital trade barriers and fostering innovation positions it as a transformative tool for regional integration. The findings underscore DEFA’s potential to unify digital markets and stimulate economic growth, highlighting its importance for ASEAN's future digital landscape.
Military Digital Diplomacy: A Case Study of the Japan Self- Defense Force on YouTube Platform Wedagama, I Dewa Gede Radiantha; Ong, Susy
Journal of Strategic and Global Studies Vol. 8, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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This study examines the digital diplomacy strategies of the Japan Self-Defense Force (JSDF) through its engagement on the YouTube platform. It aims to analyze how the JSDF leverages digital media to reshape its international image, which has remained critically low since World War II, and to strengthen its soft power. Using a qualitative research approach, the study applies the 4D model of country image analysis, categorizing the JSDF’s digital content into functional, normative, aesthetic, and sympathetic dimensions. Data were collected through a comprehensive analysis of videos published on the JSDF's official YouTube channels, focusing on thematic content, user engagement metrics, and audience feedback. This analysis allowed for a deeper understanding of the strategies employed by the JSDF to portray its commitment to humanitarian missions, peacekeeping efforts, and national defense. The results show that the JSDF effectively uses YouTube to communicate its values of transparency, non-aggression, and technological advancement, aiming to shift perceptions and improve its standing on the global stage. Additionally, the study finds a predominantly positive reception from international audiences, suggesting a gradual shift in attitudes toward Japan's military, which has historically faced skepticism in the region. This research underscores the strategic potential of digital platforms in military diplomacy, highlighting the role of social media as a valuable tool for redefining national images, promoting a positive narrative, and fostering international dialogue and understanding.

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