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INDONESIA
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Published by Official Organ of Indian Association of Medico-Legal Expert
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 5,497 Documents
 518   519   520   521   522 
Heart Disease in Indonesia in 2018: An Ecological Analysis Ratu Alit Szasha Faulata; Agung Dwi Laksono; Ratna Dwi Wulandari
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 3 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i3.15910

Abstract

A Review: Quorum Sensing Phenomenon: Regulation of biofilm in Pseudomonas aurogenosa Rawa Abdul Redha Aziz; SuraAlaa Saud; Elaf Sameer Mohameed
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 3 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i3.15911

Abstract

It is been mentioned that Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a ubiquitous, gram negative, can infect patients withCystic fibrosis. Treatment of infections can often be difficult due to its ability to produce biofilm. It has beenrevealed that biofilms are enclosing architecture that would consist of planktonic cells to survive in harshenvironments. Biofilm is usually comprised of Pel, Psl, and Alginate, and many others to make a scaffoldthat bacteria can attach and start making microcolonies. The formation of the biofilm and Alginate layer isshown to be controlled by intricate cell-to-cell communication known as quorum sensing (QS). Finally, inthis report, we have taken the basic principles of what is P.aerogenosa, and how it is related to the cysticfibrosis disease. Also, we have illustrated the formation of biofilms and the regulation of biofilms to thequorum sensing LasR/LasI and RhlR/RhlI systems.
Detection of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli by a PCR assay in Patients with Diarrhea Rawa Abdalkreem Abd; Ezat Hussain Mezal
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 3 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i3.15912

Abstract

Campylobacter sp. is complex taxonomy, fastidious growth criteria, and biochemical inertness, identificationof campylobacter in clinical samples by traditional cultures is problematic and slow. Because of that a rapid,responsive, and precise polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay capable of detecting and differentiatingCampylobacter jejuni (hipO) and Campylobacter coli (glyA) directly from human feces. Diagnostic PCRon template DNA extracted directly from the stool offers catchy advantages including the reduced time ofanalysis and detection of non-viable and non-cultivable bacteria contained in the sample.From a humanpatient with diarrhea by using conventional PCR assay. One hundred fecal samples were collected frompatients suffering from watery, bloody, and mucous diarrhea, aged (1 month-60 years old) from both sexes(55Male, 45 Female). From many places in Thi-Qar province, Bint Alhuda Hospital, and Outpatient Clinicsduring the period from August 2020 to November 2020. Four isolates (4%) were diagnosed as genus C.coliand one isolate (1%) was diagnosed as genus C.jejuniby using glyA and hipO gene for C.coli and C.jejunirespectively.
Legal Protection of Nurses in Medical Action on the Basis of Delegation of Doctors Reny Suryanti; Nyoman Serikat Putra Jaya; Pujiyono
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 3 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i3.15913

Abstract

This study aims to determine the legal protection of nurses in performing medical actions on the basis ofan abundance of doctors. This study uses a sociological juridical approach by examining what is behindthe appearance of the application of laws and regulations. The type of data used is primary data, namelyresearch conducted directly in the community in the Bengkulu City General Hospital and secondary datais data obtained from a review of the literature, and analyzed by qualitative methods. The results showedthat nurses in Bengkulu City Hospital received protection from the hospital as long as the nurse carried outtheir duties in accordance with service standards, professional standards and standard operating procedures.The Indonesian National Nurses Association (PPNI) in Bengkulu City also provides legal protection in theform of defense and assistance as long as the nurse is registered as a member of the PPNI. Meanwhile, thecriminal responsibility of nurses in carrying out medical actions on the basis of the abundance of doctors inthe Bengkulu City Hospital has not been clearly regulated, because there has not been a written delegationof authority from doctors to nurses in carrying out medical actions. Pursuant to Article 55 and Article 56 ofthe Criminal Code, if it is proven that what a nurse has done on an abundance of doctors is a criminal act(offense), the nurse can be punished as the perpetrator (pleger), and the doctor as the one who ordered it.
Determinants of Stunting in Indonesian Toddlers Resty Jayanti; Galuh Pradian Yanuaringsih; Nina Olivia; Kipa Jundapri; Shanti Ariandini; Rindasari Munir
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 3 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i3.15914

Abstract

Children who are malnourished for a long time can experience a failure to thrive, namely stunting.Thissituation occurs in many developing countries such as Indonesia. Stunting is a linear growth disordercharacterized by a TB/U z-score less than -2SD. The study aimed to examine the incidence of stunting inchildren under five in terms of exclusive breastfeeding (ASI), complementary foods of breast milk (MPASI),immunization status, family characteristics. The research approach is quantitative with a Case-ControlStudy design and is carried out in West Java Province, with a sample size of 120 people. Data analysisincludes bivariate using Chi-Square. The results showed that the incidence of stunting in children underfive was due to low family income (p = 0.004; OR= 9.33), non-exclusive breastfeeding (p= 0.001; OR=28.5), poor complementary feeding (p= 0.001; OR= 16), and incomplete immunization (p = 0.00; OR = 17).Stunting in children under five is closely related to low family income, non-exclusive breastfeeding, poorcomplementary breastfeeding, and incomplete immunization. Meanwhile, non-exclusive breastfeeding is adominant factor as a risk factor for children experiencing stunting.
Effects of Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) on Neuron Damages in Hippocampus in Sprague-Dawley rats Rezania Razali; Zulkarnain Zulkarnain; Cynthia Wahyu Asrizal
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 3 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i3.15915

Abstract

Introduction: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a flavor enhancer commonly used worldwide. Studies haveshown that high dose of MSG could act as neurotoxic or excitotoxic agent for neurons in the central nervoussystem. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of MSG on neuron changes of hippocampusanimalmodel.Materials and Methods: A total of 25 white male Sprague-Dawleyrats, aged 8-10 weeks,were dividedinto5 groups (2 control groups (i.e., none and solvent group) and3 treatment groups that received2, 4and 6 mg/gram MSG orallyfor 30 days). Afterfour weeks on treatment, all animals were sacrificed and the entire braintissueswere removed and immediately fixed in formalin for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining.Results:The percentage of damaged neurons in three Cornuammonisareas of hippocampus was higher inanimal supplemented with MSG compared to controls. At the highest MSG concentration (6 mg/gram),52.1%, 55.2% and 66.0% of neurons from Cornuammonis 1, 2, and 3, respectively were damaged. Thepercentage of neuron damages in hippocampus was in dose-dependent manner.Conclusion: Our data suggested that high dose of MSG increased thehippocampus neuron damages in dosedependenteffect. This suggests the neurotoxicity effect of high dose of MSG.
Comparative Study between Closed and Open Drain after Emergency Laparotomy Rabah Ali Hussein; Jameel I. Azzawi; Basim Ghaib Hussein
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 3 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i3.15916

Abstract

Background: Drain routinely used after laparotomy to drain any intraperitoneal collections, and to drain thefluid or blood in abdomen after operations.Methods: prospective study for acute abdomen patients undergoing laparotomy in Department of Generalsurgery. Samarra General Hospital for open and closed drain.Result: In our study 30 case of emergency operations with open drain and 30 case of closed drain are placedand comared.Conclusions: The incidence of infection, pain, hospital stay, post-operative morbidity not obviously
The Effect of Antioxidantson Electrolytes in Vancomycin- Streptozotocin InducedDiabetes Kidney Disease inRabbits. Raghda Tuama; Falah Shari; Usama Ramadhan
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 3 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i3.15917

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that is characterized by relative or absolute insulin deficiency,diabetic kidney disease (DKD) seems to be one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus.Diabetic kidney disease was known as diabetic nephropathy (DN) and is the single strongest predictor ofmortality in patients with diabetes. Forty male and female rabbits weighing 1000-1300 mg were dividedrandomly into five groups. Diabetes mellitus was induced in the overnight fasted rabbits by a single IPinjection ofStreptozotocin in dose of 50 mg/kg. Then animals were started of antioxidant treatment, bloodsampling were taken each 2 weak, the laboratory analysis which includes blood sugar, and serum electrolytes(potassium, sodium, and chloride).The various antioxidants were used in different combination in treated 1group (quercetin15 mg/kg and L-carnitine15 mg/kg) and treated 2 group (quercetin15 mg/kg, L-carnitine15mg/kg, Thioctic acid 20mg/kg, Vitamin C 15mg/kg) orally.There was a non-significant decrease in serumglucose level in treated 1 group andtreated 2 group (which treated with different combination of antioxidants)compared with diabetic control group and significant increase in serum (potassium, and chloride) but nonsignificantincrease in serum sodium in treated groups compared with diabetic control group.The role ofantioxidants as adjuvant therapy to decrease and prevent diabetic kidney disease through the scavengingeffect to reactive oxygen species produced by diabetic kidney tissues.
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus GG Role in the Suppression of Candida Albicans Causing Candidiasis (Thrush) Rahem Alziadi; Nuha Mohammed Mousa; Noor Sami AL- Lebawy
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 3 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i3.15918

Abstract

Introduction: It is important to distinguish infecting strains of Candida albicans because isolates of Candidaspecies vary widely, both in their infection-causing capacity and in their sensitivity to antifungal agents.Material and method: Thus this study provides isolate candida and identification of isolates from the oralcavity and test the antimicrobial activity of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and their supernatants on theviability of Candida albicans isolates. The diagnosis was based on conventional methods, and geneticdiagnosis was confirmed by PLC1 gene (PhosphoLipase C) amplification, the design primers were done byusing the database of Bank of NCBI-Gene and online design, all isolates gives positive PCR products withmolecular weight 459bp,Result: The results showed that Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and their supernatants decreased the logcycles growth of all Candida albicans isolates with average (1.7 -2.1) logarithmic cycle for live cells and(1.28 -1.79) logarithmic cycle for Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG supernatants, Conclusion: Lactobacillusrhamnosus GG may be a suitable and effective alternative to treatment oral candidiasis free from side effects.
Effectiveness of Self Instructional Module (SIM) on Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Care of Attempted Suicide Patients among Staff Nurses – A Pre Experimental Study Raman Deep; KVS Chaudhary; Harsha Mary Chacko
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 3 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i3.15919

Abstract

Suicide is a major public health problem and one of the leading causes of deaths worldwide. The effectsof suicide go beyond the person who acts to take his/her life; it can have lasting effect on family, friendsand communities. The role of a nurse specific to suicide prevention includes both system and patient levelinterventions.Objectives of the study:· To assess the existing knowledge and attitude regarding care of attempted suicide patients among staffnurses.· To evaluate the effectiveness of self –instructional module regarding care of attempted suicide patientsamong staff nurses.· To find out the association of post -test knowledge and attitude regarding care of attempted suicidepatients among staff nurses with selected demographic variables.Materials and Methods: In this pre- experimental research study non probability convenient samplingtechnique was used to select 60 staff nurses from selected Hospitals. A self- structured questionnaire andattitude scale was used to assess the knowledge and attitude of the staff nurses regarding the care of attemptedsuicide patients.Result: The finding of the study revealed that majority 95% (57)of staff nurses had moderate knowledge andonly 5% (3) had inadequate knowledge regarding care of attempted suicide patients in pre-test. After goingthrough Self Instructional Module, 83.37 % (50) of the staff nurses had adequate knowledge and 16.66% (10)had moderate knowledge regarding care of attempted suicide patients. The attitude scale findings revealedthat 100% (60)of staff nurses had neutral attitude regarding care of attempted suicide patients in pre-test andin post-test 100%(60) had positive attitude regarding care of attempted suicide patients.Conclusion: Study concludes that going through Self-Instructional module helps method in improvingknowledge and attitude of the staff nurses regarding care of attempted suicide patients.

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