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Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia

jfiti
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Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor

ISSN : 02157950 EISSN : 23392479 DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Medicine & Pharmacology

Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia (JFI) is an official publication owned by the Indonesian Phytopathology Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia). In 2010, JFI management was given to PFI Komda Bogor. Since then, JFI has been published 6 times (January, March, May, July, September, and November).

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Articles 412 Documents

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Identifikasi Molekuler Tobacco mosaic virus pada Anggrek di Sleman, Yogyakarta Soesamto Somowiyarjo; Sedyo Hartono; Sri Sulandari; Sekar Utami Putri
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 12 No 2 (2016)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Tobamovirus is a group of virus with a wide host range, including orchid plant which considered as an economically important plant. This research aimed to identify Tobamovirus infecting orchids. Virus isolates were collected from orchid nursery in Sleman, Yogyakarta. Plant extract from orchid showing necrotic flex symptom was inoculated to indicator plants Chenopodium amaranticolor. Chlorotic local lesion symptoms occurred within 3 days after inoculation. RNA total from symptomatic C. amaranticolor was extracted by using a commercial kit. cDNA was synthesized using oligo d(T) primer. Amplification of cDNA using partial movement protein specific primers TMV-1F and TMV-2R was successfully amplified the amplicon with size ± 422 bp. The nucleotide sequences of this amplicon showed highest DNA homology (98%) with Tobacco mosaic virus Yongren-2 isolat from China.

Bakteri Endofit Asal Berbagai Akar Tanaman sebagai Agens Pengendali Nematoda Puru Akar Meloidogyne incognita pada Tomat Pradana Pandu Ankardiansyah; Abdul Munif; Supramana Supramana
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 12 No 3 (2016)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Infection caused by root knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne incognita may cause yield losses. Little is known regarding the effectiveness of endophytic bacterial group as biocontrol agents of RKN. This research was aimed to obtain endophytic bacteria group from 16 species of plants, which effectively controlled the RKN. Isolation of endophytic bacteria group was conducted using NA 20%, NA 50%, TSA 20%, TSA 50%, and King’s B medium. All of the bacteria groups giving negative result in hypersensitive and haemolytic tests, was further examined for their ability to produce protease, chitinase, and cyanide acid. The same endophytic bacteria groups were also tested for their potential to control juvenile 2 of M. incognita on tomatoes by seed treatment and soil drenching. Agronomical and pathological traits were observed 40 days after nematodes infestation. Eighty endophytic bacteria groups were successfully isolated and 17 of them were considered potential. Physiological test showed that 16 groups of endophytic bacteria can produce protease enzyme, 12 groups can produce chitinase enzyme, and 5 groups can produce cyanide acid. Specific endophytic bacteria group, i.e. TmtN5 from roots of tomato plant, is the most effective isolate for suppressing root damage and population of RKN. This group was effective as biocontrol agents of RKN because it produceds chitinase, protease, and cyanide acid. This research provided a new information regarding the potential use of endophytic bacteria group as a biocontrol agent of RKN.

Status Fitonematoda pada Tiga Kisaran Umur Lahan Pertanaman Pisang Cavendish di Way Kambas, Lampung Yanto Yanto; I Gede Swibawa
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 12 No 3 (2016)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Crop losses due to phytonematodes infection commonly occurred on intensive plantation practiced for a long time. The research was aimed to study phytonematodes status on several age-different plantation of Cavendish banana in PT NTF Way Kambas, Lampung. Soil and root samples were taken from three different plantations, selected based on time period of cultivation practice, i.e. 3–5, 10–12, and 17–19 years long. The modification of Baermann funnel method was applied to collect nematodes. The status of phytonematodes were determined based on the absolute frequency (AF), relative frequency (RF), and absolute population (AP) of each genus. The results showed that 13 phytonematodes genera inhabited Cavendish banana crops. Pratylenchus and Radopholus have important status on a land that had been cultivated for 3–5 and 10–12 years with AF 100%, RF 31%, and AP 298.8, and 423.0 individues per 200 mL of soil, respectively on 3–5 years long lands, and AF100%, RF 39% and PA 215, and 126 individues per 200 mL of soil, respectively on 10–12 years long lands. Pratylenchus and Radopholus were less important on 17–19 years long rotated lands with AF 77%, RF 22% and AP 33.0 and 16.4 individues per 200 mL of soil respectively. The status of other phytonematodes were not important with low value of AF, RF, and AP.

Ketahanan Berbagai Kultivar Padi Lokal terhadap Penyakit Hawar Daun Bakteri Andi Khaeruni; Erwin Najamuddin; Teguh Wijayanto; Syair Syair
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 12 No 3 (2016)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Bacterial leaf blight disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is an important rice disease in Indonesia, including in South East Sulawesi. The use of resistant varieties is one of the effective and environmentally friendly control strategies to suppress the disease. This study aimed to determine the level of resistance of some local rice varieties of South and Southeast Sulawesi against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae pathotypes IV, VIII and X. The study was conducted in a screen house involving 3 bacterial pathotypes and 11 local rice cultivars. Shearing method was used for inoculation of bacteria to leaf on vegetative and generative phases. Disease incidences were measured 3 weeks after inoculation, and the data was further used to determine the level of resistance of the tested rice cultivars. The results showed that incubation period of the disease was longer on Kelaca cultivar compared to other cultivars. On vegetative phase, this cultivar showed moderate resistant to pathotypes IV and X, and highly resistant to patotype VIII, whereas on the generative phase it showed moderate resistant to pathotypes IV and VII, and highly resistant to pathotype X. Therefore, Kelaca cultivar can be recommended for endemic areas of leaf blight in South and Southeast Sulawesi

Penapisan Cendawan Trichoderma spp. untuk Pengendalian Phytophthora infestans secara in vitro Susiana Purwantisari; Achmadi Priyatmojo; Retno Peni Sancayaningsih; Rina Sri Kasiamdari
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 12 No 3 (2016)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Late blight disease on potato caused by a plant pathogenic fungus (Phytophthora infestans) is the most important disease in Indonesia. The use of antagonist fungi Trichoderma is an environmentally friendly technology to control the potato disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of Trichoderma spp. to control P. infestans in vitro. Trichoderma spp. have been isolated from suppressive soil at central potato areas in district of Lembang, Bandung, West Java Province. To determine the inhibition ability of Trichoderma spp against P. infestans, a dual culture method was performed. Variable observed was inhibition zone of Trichoderma spp. against P. infestans. The results showed that 9 isolates of Trichoderma were successfuly isolated from suppressive soil, i.e. T. viride (2 isolates), T. atroviride (1 isolate), T. harzianum (1 isolate) and T. aureoviride (5 isolates). All the Trichoderma isolates revealed growth inhibition abality against P. infestans and. The highest growth inhibition (68.6%) was observed by T. viride isolate ( Ti 9).

Penekanan Penyakit Blas Leher Malai Padi Menggunakan Ekstrak Kompos Jerami Padi Suwandi Suwandi; Harman Hamidson; Ahmad Muslim
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 12 No 3 (2016)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Blast is the most important disease of rice and may cause significant losses in the reclaimed tidal swamp of South Sumatra. Water extracts of fermented composts prepared from straws of the vigorous rice plant were tested in pot experiment for their ability to control blast. Rice variety Ciherang was grown on mixture of field soil and 1% diseased rice straw (v/v) collected from a tidal swamp rice field. Incidence of panicle blast was reduced by 71−87% in response to application of compost extract. The compost extract did not affect seed germination and plant height, instead, it increased the yield. The rice straw from healthy and vigorous plants is potential as a source for blast disease control.

Identifikasi Pepper vein yellows virus yang Berasosiasi dengan Penyakit Yellow Vein Banding pada Tanaman Mentimun di Bali I Dewa Nyoman Nyana; M. Tinny Lestariningsih; Ni Nengah Putri Adnyani; Gede Suastika
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 12 No 4 (2016)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Yellowing vein banding disease has been reported infecting cucurbit plants in Bali since 2014. Similar vein banding symptom on chilli pepper was observed previously, and early diagnosis indicated infection of Polerovirus. The objective of this research was to confirm the presence of Polerovirus infection on cucumber plant showing yellow vein banding symptom in Bali. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction – based detection method was conducted using specific primer pairs PeVYV-CP-F-BamH1/ PeVYV-CP-R-Pst1followed by sequencing and nucleotide sequence analysis. Specific DNA fragments of ± 650 bp was successfully amplified from field samples. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that the sequence has the highest similarity > 95% with Pepper vein yellow virus (PeVYV) infecting chili pepper from Indonesia (Bali, and Rembang), Japan, and Greece.

Pengendalian Colletotrichum spp. Terbawa Benih Cabai dengan Paparan Gelombang Mikro Lilih Naelun Najah; Mohamad Rahmad Suhartanto; Widodo Widodo
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 12 No 4 (2016)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Seed treatment using microwave has been reported as an effective and efficient method to control seed borne pathogens of chili pepper. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of microwave irradiation treatment to suppress seedborne Colletotrichum spp. while maintaining physiological quality of chili’s seed. First experiment was aimed to select the best condition for seed germination, and was done in completely randomized design with three levels of water content (4.31%, 6.33%, and 8.25%). The second experiment was aimed to determine the best condition for disease suppression, and was done in completely randomized design with different levels of microwave irradiation duration (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 seconds) using the best seed water content level from the first experiment. Application of systemic fungicide with benomyl as active ingredient (0.5 g L-1) was done as check treatment. Four major species of Colletotrichum was found from chili’s seed, i.e. C. acutatum, C. capsici, C. gloeosporioides, and Colletotrichum sp. with C. acutatum as the predominant species. The best water content level for microwave treatment was 4.31%. The most effective treatment was microwave irradiation duration for 40 seconds with efficacy rate of 64.5% for controlling seedborne C. acutatum on chili pepper.

Komparasi Metode Isolasi DNA Patogen Antraknosa dan Bulai untuk Deteksi PCR Ade Syahputra; Kikin Hamzah Mutaqin; Tri Asmira Damayanti
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 12 No 4 (2016)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an important tool for detection, identification and monitoring of quarantine pests in Indonesia. DNA isolation method from target organism is an important step to provide adequate DNA template for performing PCR. Objective of the research was to compare conventional, commercial kit, FTA-card and its modification methods of DNA isolation to be used in PCR detection for Colletotrichum acutatum and Peronosclerospora sorghi from chili and maize, respectively. DNA obtained from various isolation methods were measured using UV-vis nanodrop-spectrophotometry. DNA amplification was performed using DNA concentration of 15 ng µL-1 from each isolation method with gradual primer concentrations of 0.4; 0.6; 0.8; and 1.0 mM. The highest concentration of DNA was achieved with conventional methods for C. acutatum from pure culture and P. sorghi from maize leaf. Best DNA purity was obtained from isolation method using commercial kit for C. acutatum from infected fruit (1.94) and from conventional method for C. acutatum from pure culture (1.91). The highest total yield of isolated DNA was achieved by modified FTA-card for C. acutatum from pure culture. In general DNA amplification using various primer concentration gave positive results although DNA bands intensity was varied from faint to very bright. Furthermore PCR optimization using the best primer concentration from previous reaction showed that all DNA templates resulted in thick and bright DNA bands.

Cendawan Endofit yang Potensial Meningkatkan Ketahanan Cabai Merah terhadap Penyakit Layu Bakteri Ana Feronika Cindra Irawati; Yudi Sastro; Sulastri Sulastri; Maggy Tenawidjaja Suhartono; Kikin Hamzah Mutaqin; Widodo Widodo
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 12 No 4 (2016)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Ralstonia solanacearum has been known to cause bacterial wilt disease on chili pepper. Despite many reports on the potential use of endophytic fungi to induce plant resistance, its utilization to suppress bacterial wilt disease of chili has not been widely reported. The aims of this research was to screen potential endophytic fungi that may increase chili resistance against bacterial wilt disease. Selection of endophytic fungi was done using in vivo and antibiosis test. Strains of fungi were considered the most potent in suppressing the development of bacterial wilt in chilli were identified. Ten out of 62 isolates of endophytic fungi gave the highest suppression on chilli’s bacterial wilt disease. Most strains of endophytic fungi were able to suppress the development of bacterial wilt disease, but not always positively correlated to the vegetative and generative growth of chilli. Based on the level of disease intensity and the growth of plants were obtained three strains of endophytic fungi that considered potentially suppress the incidence of bacterial wilt disease. The three isolates was identified as Fusarium solani f.sp. phaseoli (AC-2.13 and AC-4.4) and Trichoderma asperellum (AC-3.18) using morphology and molecular characters. Although all three selected isolates were able to suppress bacterial wilt disease in this study, but application of F. solani f.sp. phaseoli should be considered in practical use since it is generally known as the causal agent of root rot disease of beans

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