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INDONESIA
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia
Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor
ISSN : 02157950     EISSN : 23392479     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia (JFI) is an official publication owned by the Indonesian Phytopathology Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia). In 2010, JFI management was given to PFI Komda Bogor. Since then, JFI has been published 6 times (January, March, May, July, September, and November).
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 412 Documents
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Potensi Ekstrak Lengkuas sebagai Fungisida Nabati untuk Mengendalikan Penyakit Karat Daun Anggur (Phakopsora euvitis) Ani Widiastuti; Reza Fredo Simarmata; Christanti Sumardiyono
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol. 16 No. 3 (2020)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14692/jfi.16.3.135-143

Abstract

Potency of Galangal Extract as Botanical Fungicide to Control Grape Leave Rust Disease (Phakopsora euvitis) Grape leaf rust caused by Phakopsora eutivitis is an important disease on grape plants. Botanical pesticide is important to be developed as its application may reduce the usage of synthetic chemical pesticides. This study aimed to determine potency of galangal extract as botanical fungicide against P. euvitis, compared with mancozeb. The methods were galangal extract preparation in evaporated methanol, in vitro toxicity test of galangal extract for LC50 determination, and in planta test using grape seedlings in polybags. LC50 was determined by using SAS JMP Statistical Discovery Program. In planta test was carried out by spraying urediniospore suspension with density of 1 x 106 spores.mL-1, followed by galangal extract or mancozeb spraying at LC90 concentration three days after inoculation. The result showed that galangal extract inhibited spore germination of P. euvitis. LC50 of the galangal extract was 18.33 ppm; LC90 was 53.72 ppm; while mancozeb LC50 was 65.52 ppm and LC90 was 190.71 ppm. In planta experiment showed that galangal extract of 53.72 ppm (LC90) reduced the disease intensity of leaf rust by 16% on the 18th day, while mancozeb of 190.71 ppm (LC90) reduced the disease intensity by 26.4% compared to positive control or untreated-inoculated plants. This study showed that galangal extract is potential to be developed as botanical fungicide to control grape leaf rust disease
Eksplorasi dan Penentuan Ras Penyebab Penyakit Blas Padi di Kabupaten Maros Nur Azizah Salimah; Tutik Kuswinanti; Andi Nasruddin
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 17 No 2 (2021)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14692/jfi.17.2.41-48

Abstract

Exploration and Determination of Rice Blast Races in Maros Regency Blast disease caused by the fungus Pyricularia oryzae (Teleomorph: Magnaporthe oryzae) is one of the most important diseases causing significant yield losses on rice worldwide. The fungus has a high degree of virulence and adaptation as evidenced by the large number of its races. The study was conducted to identify the race of P. oryzae isolates and their distribution in eight sub-districts in Maros Regency. Race identification was determined based on bioassay using seven differential rice varieties, i.e. Asahan, Cisokan, IR 64, Krueng Aceh, Cisadane, Cisanggarung and Kencana Bali varieties. Observation of disease severity followed the Standard Evaluation System for Rice by IRRI. Susceptibility of host plant was assessed based on leaf spot symptom on the scale of 5 to 9. As many as 30 isolates of P. oryzae were found with the distribution as follows, 4 isolates from Bantimurung, 8 isolates from Simbang, 4 isolates from Maros Baru, 3 isolates each from Moncongloe, Tanralili, Tompobulu, Mandai, and 2 isolates from Lau. A total of 17 P. oryzae races were identified, namely race 000, 001, 011, 020, 023, 031, 033, 041, 061, 101, 103, 111, 141, 173, 221, 301 and 373. Race 001 is the dominant race in which it was found at five locations where P. oryzae isolates were collected.
Keparahan Penyakit Blas Pyricularia oryzae dan Analisis Gen Virulensi Menggunakan Metode Sequence Characterized Amplified Region Gilang Kurrata; Tutik Kuswinanti; Andi Nasruddin
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 17 No 1 (2021)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14692/jfi.17.1.19-27

Abstract

Penyakit blas padi yang disebabkan oleh cendawan Pyricularia oryzae (teleomorph: Magnaporthe oryzae) merupakan salah satu penyakit penting pada pertanaman padi di dunia, termasuk di Indonesia. Penggunaan varietas tahan merupakan cara penanggulangan penyakit blas yang murah, efisien dan aman dari risiko pencemaran pestisida. Namun ketahanan suatu varietas padi terhadap penyakit blas hanya dapat dimanfaatkan beberapa tahun saja disebabkan oleh kompleksitas patogen yang dengan mudah dapat mematahkan ketahanan varietas terutama bila ketahanan varietas ditentukan oleh hanya satu gen dominan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keparahan penyakit blas dan variasi genetik dari isolat-isolat P. oryzae dari Kabupaten Maros serta hubungan tingkat keparahan penyakit dengan ragam haplotipe yang diperoleh sebagai dasar rekomendasi pengendalian dengan varietas tahan yang sifatnya spesifik lokasi. Pengamatan keparahan penyakit blas menggunakan standard evaluation system for rice dilakukan di 8 lokasi lahan petani di Kabupaten Maros Sulawesi Selatan pada bulan Juni sampai September 2019. Analisis keragaman genetik dilakukan menggunakan primer spesifik penyandi gen virulensi (Pwl2, Erg2 dan Cut1). Tingkat keparahan blas tertinggi diamati pada var. Mekongga sebesar 42.12% di Kecamatan Simbang dan 23.33% di Kecamatan Maros Baru. Di Kecamatan Tanralili (var. Inpari-7) dan Kecamatan Mandai (var. Ciherang) tingkat keparahan hanya 7.6% dan 7.88%. Sebanyak 15 isolat P. oryzae diperoleh dari 8 kecamatan di Kabupaten Maros. Analisis keragaman genetik menggunakan 3 primer menunjukkan adanya 5 haplotipe yang berbeda, yaitu haplotipe A-000 (4 isolat), C-011 (3 isolat), D-111 (2 isolat), F-110 (3 isolat) dan G-100 (3 isolat).
Ruang Pendingin Nol Energi untuk Pengelolaan Pascapanen Antraknosa pada Capsicum frutescens Nuzila Fitri Filaila; Suryanti Suryanti; Ani Widiastuti
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 17 No 3 (2021)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14692/jfi.17.3.83-91

Abstract

Ruang Pendingin Nol Energi untuk Pengelolaan Pascapanen Antraknosa pada Capsicum frutescens Salah satu penyebab kehilangan hasil cabai pascapanen adalah penyakit antraknosa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keefektifan ruang pendingin nol energi atau zero energy cool chamber (ZECC) dalam menekan keparahan penyakit antraknosa pada komoditi cabai rawit (Capsicum frustescens) serta memperpanjang daya simpan buah cabai. Penelitian dimulai dengan merancang dan membuat ZECC sebagai tempat penyimpanan cabai. Buah cabai diinokulasi Colletotrichum gloeosporioides dan tanpa inokulasi (kontrol) disimpan pada dua kondisi, yaitu di dalam ZECC dan tempat penyimpanan dengan suhu ruang. Pertumbuhan C. gloeosporioides mengalami penghambatan sebesar 40.48% setelah disimpan di dalam ZECC dibandingkan dengan pertumbuhannya pada suhu ruang. Penyimpanan cabai rawit di dalam ZECC mampu menekan keparahan penyakit antraknosa sebesar 56.2% pada hari ke-15, tidak memengaruhi kandungan vitamin C dan total padatan terlarut (TSS) serta mampu mengurangi susut bobot cabai selama penyimpanan. Berdasarkan uji organovisual dengan metode visual quality rating dan Hedonic sensory test, konsumen lebih menyukai cabai yang disimpan di dalam ZECC. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyimpanan di dalam ZECC dapat memperpanjang umur simpan cabai rawit. Model tempat penyimpanan ini tidak menggunakan listrik atau bersifat zero energy sehingga dapat digunakan oleh petani berskala kecil. Ini adalah laporan pertama penggunaan ZECC untuk pengelolaan penyakit antraknosa pada cabai pascapanen di Indonesia.
Metode Single Image-NDVI untuk Deteksi Dini Gejala Mosaik pada Capsicum annuum Asmar Hasan; Widodo; Kikin Hamzah Mutaqin; Muhammad Taufik; Sri Hendrastuti Hidayat
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 17 No 1 (2021)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14692/jfi.17.1.9-18

Abstract

Mosaik adalah gejala penyakit yang sering ditemukan pada tanaman cabai merah (Capsicum annuum) dan umumnya disebabkan oleh infeksi virus seperti Tobacco mosaic virus. Infeksi yang berat bahkan dapat mengakibatkan tanaman menjadi kerdil dan mengalami kehilangan hasil yang nyata. Metode serologi dan molekuler sudah banyak digunakan untuk mendeteksi virus tetapi pengerjaannya cukup menyita waktu, relatif kurang efisien untuk sampel yang banyak, dan bersifat destruktif pada tanaman. Di sisi lain, pengamatan gejala secara langsung terkendala oleh kemampuan visual manusia dan gejala laten pada tahap awal infeksi. Oleh karena itu, metode deteksi berdasarkan kemampuan tanaman menyerap dan merefleksikan berbagai spektrum cahaya matahari, seperti normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) berpotensi untuk dikembangkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi potensi single image-NDVI sebagai varian NDVI untuk pengembangan deteksi dini gejala mosaik pada cabai merah. Tahapan utama penelitian ialah perekaman citra tanaman cabai merah yang tidak diinokulasi virus (V0), diinokulasi (V1), dan minim hara (M) menggunakan kamera RGB tanpa modifikasi dan filter lensa untuk menangkap reflektansi cahaya biru dan Near-Infrared. Selanjutnya dilakukan pengolahan citra menggunakan plugin Photo Monitoring pada aplikasi Fiji-ImageJ. Perekaman dilakukan mulai 1 hari setelah inokulasi (HSI) sampai gejala terlihat kasat mata. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi tendensi peningkatan nilai NDVI terintegrasi pada semua perlakuan. Namun, tendensi peningkatan pada V1 tidak nyata dibandingkan dengan V0 dan M. Selisih rata-rata nilai NDVI terintegrasi antara V1 terlihat sangat nyata dibandingkan dengan V0 (pada 5 HSI) dan M (pada 1 HSI). Tingkat sensitivitas, spesifisitas, dan akurasi metode ini berkisar antara 80–90 % pada 5 HSI.
The Relationship between Sheath Blight Disease Incidence, Disease Severity, and Rice Yield Laila Nur Milati; Bambang Nuryanto; Umin Sumarlin
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 17 No 3 (2021)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14692/jfi.17.3.113-120

Abstract

Produksi padi dapat mengalami penurunan akibat gangguan oleh penyakit hawar pelepah yang disebabkan oleh Rhizoctonia solani. Penelitian bertujuan memperkirakan penurunan hasil padi akibat penyakit hawar pelepah berdasarkan keparahan penyakit yang terjadi pada stadium masak susu. Penelitian dilaksanakan di rumah kawat dan lahan percobaan Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi pada musim hujan 2019/2020. Penelitian di rumah kawat menggunakan tiga varietas padi yaitu “Ciherang”, “Inpari 32 HDB”, dan “Baroma”; sedangkan penelitian di lahan percobaan menggunakan “Ciherang”. Inokulasi R. solani dilakukan pada tanaman padi stadium anakan maksimum dengan menyisipkan tanaman terinfeksi sebagai sumber inokulum penyakit diantara rumpun padi pada tingkat insidensi antara 5%–50%. Tingkat keparahan penyakit pada tanaman di rumah kawat dan lahan percobaan terus berkembang selama periode pengamatan dan mencapai berturut-turut 60.09% dan 70.56%. Lebih lanjut, keparahan penyakit yang tinggi menyebabkan penurunan hasil yang tinggi pula. Pengetahuan tentang hubungan insidensi dan keparahan penyakit bermanfaat dalam menentukan prediksi hasil sehingga pengendalian penyakit dapat dilakukan sedini mungkin untuk menghindari kehilangan hasil yang tinggi.
Komponen Epidemi Penyakit Busuk Akar dan Pangkal Batang Tebu di Sumatera Selatan Tri Maryono; Ani Widiastuti; Rudi Hari Murti; Achmadi Priyatmojo
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 16 No 2 (2020)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14692/jfi.16.2.49-60

Abstract

Epidemic Components of Sugarcane Root and Basal Stem Rot In South Sumatra Root and basal stem rot disease is one of new disease that currently was became a emerging problem on sugarcane plantations in Lampung and South Sumatra. The research was aimed to study the model of disease progression, AUDPC, infection rate (r), and the influence of weather and soil condition (physical and chemical properties of soil) on the development of sugarcane root and basal stem rot disease. The research was conducted on sugar cane plantation in South Sumatra. The disease incidence in three varieties was observed weekly in the field which had infected plant in previous year.. The data were analyzed to develop model of the disease progression, AUDPC, and the rate of root and basal stem rot disease. Weekly weather data was acquired from weather station of Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin Airport, Palembang. Soil sample was taken from three disease category i.e moderate (disease incidence 25,1% - 50%), severe (disease incidence 50,1% - 75%), and healthy (no disease). The results showed that the disease develops following monomolecular and logistic models. The AUPDC and infection rate (r) in the monomolecular model were lower than in the logistic model. The direct effect coefficient of rainfall and relative humidity (RH) on the disease were positive (1.27 and 0.46 respectively), contrary the temperature and duration of irradiation which had a negative coefficient (-0.33 and -0.45 respectively). Meanwhile, K availability and permeability give a positive effect on the disease, while the total N and Fe availability give a negative effect on the disease.
Resistance of Rice Varieties and Accessions to Dwarf Viruses Celvia Roza; Suprihanto Suprihanto; Dede Kusdiaman; I Nyoman Widiarta; Bambang Nuryanto; Oco Rumasa
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 17 No 3 (2021)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14692/jfi.17.3.92-102

Abstract

Identifikasi ketahanan plasma nutfah padi terhadap virus kerdil bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai varietas dan aksesi yang tahan terhadap virus kerdil padi, yaitu Rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV) dan Rice grassy stunt virus (RGSV). Penelitian dilakukan di Rumah Kaca Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi pada MT1/MT2 tahun 2018. Materi genetik yang diuji yaitu 19 varietas padi yang sudah dilepas dan 50 aksesi plasma nutfah padi koleksi Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi Badan Litbang Pertanian-Kementerian Pertanian. Pengamatan mengikuti metode skoring SES IRRI 2014. Respons tanaman uji terhadap RRSV dapat dikelompokkan menjadi rentan (1 varietas dan 22 aksesi), agak tahan (18 varietas dan 22 aksesi), dan tahan {2 aksesi, yaitu MDK Karawang (800 butir/Malai) (10597), dan Pulo Hitam (10615}. Respons tanaman uji terhadap RGSV dapat dikelompokkan menjadi rentan (16 varietas dan 34 aksesi), agak tahan (3 varietas dan 11 aksesi), dan tahan (1 aksesi, yaitu Ketik 1-1062). Lebih lanjut, aksesi padi yang tahan terhadap RRSV dan/atau RGSV dapat digunakan sebagai tetua dalam perakitan varietas yang tahan terhadap virus kerdil.
Potensi Pengusulan Jenis Baru Peronosclerospora sorghi Asal Nusa Tenggara Timur Ummu Salamah Rustiani; Meity Suradji Sinaga; Sri Hendrastuti Hidayat; Suryo Wiyono; Darni Rambu D. Siala
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 17 No 1 (2021)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14692/jfi.17.1.35-40

Abstract

Potential Proposal for A New Type of Peronosclerospora Sorghi from East Nusa Tenggara Downy mildew of corn caused by Peronosclerospra can cause real economic damage. In Indonesia, it is known that there are three species of Peronosclerospora, namely P. maydis, P. phillippinenis, and P. sorghi. Peronosclerospora maydis is the dominant species found in Indonesia. The three species can be identified from their morphological and molecular characters. However, the results of monitoring by the Kupang Agricultural Quarantine Station during 2016-2019 showed that the morphological characteristics of P. sorghi from NTT are different from the morphology from Java and Sulawesi in terms of the number of sterigmata formed from conidiophores. The number of P. sorghi sterigmata from NTT is less than in other locations. This will lead to a smaller number of conidia produced by P. sorghi from NTT. Based on the molecular analysis, the character of P. sorghi isolate from NTT is in a separated family tree from Java and Sulawesi isolates but is included in one group with P. sorghi isolates from USA. The results of morphological and molecular studies showed further study on host ranges, genetic diversity of the fungal isolates as well as shorgum should be considered in the future. Sorghum as the primary host of P. sorghi has been gathered for the genetic data of sorghum originating from NTT and then comparing to the data from Texas, USA. That information will be contributing to determine the identity of P. sorghi from NTT.
Resistance of Several Hibiscus cannabinus genotypes Against Meloidogyne incognita Parnidi Parnidi; Lita Soetopo; Damanhuri Damanhuri; Marjani Marjani
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 17 No 3 (2021)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14692/jfi.17.3.103-112

Abstract

Resistance of Several Hibiscus cannabinus genotypes Against Meloidogyne incognita Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) is known as a source of natural fibers. Infection of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) in kenaf plants causes stunting of plants, thereby reducing crop production. This study aimed to determine the resistance of seven kenaf genotypes against M. incognita. The experiment was conducted by infesting kenaf plants aged 15 days after planting (DAP) with M. incognita in a population of 40 juvenile nematodes 2 per 100 g of soil. The planting medium used was sandy soil with a composition of 55% sand, 36% dust, and 17% clay. The resistance variable consisted of root knot index and nematode reproduction factors. Analysis of salicylic acid, phenol, lignin and several plant growth variables were carried out at 75 DAP. Among the seven kenaf plant genotypes evaluated, there were 3 tolerant genotypes (KR4, KR15 and KR5) and 4 highly susceptible genotypes (KR1, KR6, Kin2, and DS028). Genotypes that had a tolerant response to M. incognita showed an increase in phenolic compounds, salicylic acid, and lignin in the roots compared to the control. The decrease in plant height, crown fresh weight, and root fresh weight varied due to M. incognita infection.

Page 26 of 42 | Total Record : 412

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